Njira yabwino yofikira kanyumba ka chilimwe ndi arugula (kale arugula). Chomera ichi chidabwera ku Russia kuchokera kumaiko aku Mediterranean. Amakhala kuti amafananizidwa ndi namsongole. Koma pang'onopang'ono, okonda adayamikira kukoma kwake. Zinayamba kuwonekera kawiri kawiri kukhitchini yamaphunziro apamwamba.
Amadziwika kuti idakuliridwabe pa gawo la Ufumu wa Roma. M'mayiko awa, amadziwika kuti ndi aphrodisiac. Mpaka 90s, arugula wamtchire anali makamaka kukolola. Koma atatha kuliphunzira mosamala mu labotore, mtengowu udalimidwa. Popita nthawi, idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia.
Kufotokozera kwa Arugula
Arugula (arugula, indau) ndi chomera cha herbaceous. Tsinde limafikira masentimita 40. Limalikidwa, limatsitsidwa pang'ono. Masamba onse ndi amchere, omwazika - aubweya, nthawi zina zimayambira pachikhalidwecho. Maluwa ali ndi fungo labwino. Ali ndi zigawo zoyenda kwambiri. Ma inflorescence amatenga burashi. Maluwa amatuwa - ndipo nthawi zina owala - mitsempha yachikasu yokhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Ziphuphu zimafikira masentimita 22. Nthawi zina masambawa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa.
Mitundu yoyenera kwambiri ya rucola pakukula
Arugula ndi wachibale wa kabichi. Zosewerera zimagwiritsa masamba a chikhalidwe ichi. Amakhala ndi kakonzedwe kabwino kwambiri. Amakoma ngati nati ndi kuwawa kwambiri. Koma mwayi waukulu pach chitsamba ndi kuphatikiza kwake vitamini ndi mchere. Vitamini C ndi wochulukirapo pachikhalidwe ichi. Arugula ili ndi zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu. Mitundu yake ndi yambiri.
Kuti musankhe mitundu yoyenera, muyenera kutengera mawonekedwe a chomera chilichonse payokha.
Mivi ya Cupid ili ngati ma dandelions ambiri. Mbewu zimapatsa mbewu yokhazikika. Panthawi yakucha, ma inflorescence a kuwala kwa chikasu. Izi zoyambirira ndizochepa kwambiri. Chitsamba chimatha kupitilira 30 cm.
Kukula kwamasamba amitundu ya Dikovinka kumafika masentimita 20. Tsinde la chikhalidwe chake ndilabwino komanso m'mphepete yaying'ono. Pa nthawi yakucha, maluwa ang'onoang'ono a bulauni amawonekera. Mumtunduwu, kukoma kwa masamba kumakhala kokoma pang'ono.
Masamba akuluakulu a mitundu Poker. Tchire ndi lotentha. Munjira imodzi yokha yamasamba obiriwira pamakhala masamba 26. Chimakoma pang'ono poma ndi kuwawa pang'ono.
Zokonda kwambiri pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yotchedwa Olivetta. Kutalika kwa tchire kumafika masentimita 20. Masamba ake ali ngati chimbudzi, mpaka pamwamba amakhala ozungulira pang'ono. Ubwino wake wabwinobwino wabwinobwino. Amatha kunyamula mosavuta pamtunda wautali.
Kukula kwa arugula kutchire
Arugula imadzalidwa panthaka. Momwe akukura ndi funso losavuta. Amachita zinthu modzikuza. Imakula ndikukula msanga. Kwenikweni mwezi umodzi umakhala woyenera kudya. Chifukwa cha izi, chomera chimafesedwa kangapo pachaka. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe arugula amafesedwa mu Epulo. Pakadali pano, muyenera kudziwa motsimikiza kuti dothi latenthetsa kale mpaka 10 ° C. Chomera chimakonda kutentha, kutentha kwa nthaka ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kubzala arugula m'malo obisalamo. Mutabzala mbewuzo, mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera pakatha masiku 5-6.
Nthawi zina, zikumera zimasinthidwa kupita kwina. Poika chomera, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mizu yake imakhalabe yolimba. Malingana ndi njirayi, ndibwino kuti mutenge nthaka yaying'ono mukamayikirana. Pokonza malo ena, ndi bwino kuyendetsa tchire. Mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 10 cm.
Madeti a Arugula
Nthawi kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti ndi yabwino kukula. Popeza rucola simalola kuzizira, muyenera kuyang'anira mosamala nyengo yosintha. Pasakhale kusiyana kwakukulu pamiyezi yobzala.
Ziwonetsero zazifupi zaposachedwa siziyenera kulowezedwa ndikuwonjezereka kwa kutentha kwa mpweya. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa kuzizira kumatha kufika - 7 ° C.
Nthawi zambiri, kupatula pakati kufesa kumatha kupitilira milungu iwiri. Arugula ndi yabwino kwa anthu oyandikana nawo. Kuti iye akule bwino, amafunika kuwasamala. Dzuwa limakonda chomera. Ndikosatheka kuuzindikira mopepuka muzithunzi za mbewu zina. Komanso mutha kukhala ndi chiwonetsero chambiri cha dzuwa nthawi zonse.
Kukonzekeretsa kubzala
Kubzala mbewu kuyenera kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera. Pogula mbewu m'manja, iyenera kukhala itatetezedwa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi zonse pamakhala chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka. Pafupifupi mbewu 350 za mbewu zimapezeka mu 1 g ya mbewu za ku Indau. Kubzala mbewu kuyenera kuchotsedwamo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukonzekera yofooka yankho la manganese ndikutsitsa njere kwa kotala la ola limodzi. Pambuyo pake, amafunika kutsitsiridwa pansi pamadzi. Mbewuzo zimayenera kusinthidwa thaulo loyera ndikuloleza kuti ziume. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu sizifunikira kukonzedwa. Mbewu izi zimamera bwino. Ndikofunikira kusunga malamulo osungira mbewu.
Zabwino komanso zoyipa zomwe zimayambitsa komanso oyandikana nawo
Zochita, mabedi okhala ndi arugula amatseka mbewu zazitali kuchokera ku dzuwa. Izi zitha kukhala chimanga, nyemba, nyemba zosanjika zakumwamba zopondera pamiyala yapadera. M'malo otseguka, arugula imayamba kupindika mwachangu kwambiri. Mankhwala amapezeka mwachangu mthupi lake. Masamba osalala amapangidwa mwachangu. Mithunzi yawo yowawa ndiyokhazikika pamitundu iliyonse. Ndikofunika kutsatira zomwe zidabzalidwa kale pamalo omwe chikhalidwechi chidabzalidwa masiku ano. Ndibwino ngati nandolo kapena mbewu zina za banja lankhondo zitakula m'derali. Otsatsa abwino kwambiri amatha kuonedwa ngati kaloti, phwetekere, mbatata, dzungu.
Koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti pambuyo pa arugula, mbewu zopetedwa sizingabzalidwe kwa zaka 3-5. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma parasiti amakhalabe m'nthaka zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu zotere.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi kubzala arugula
Ndikofunika kusamalira nthaka yomwe dothi limamera. Tsambali likuyenera kuyatsidwa. Acidity ya dothi iyenera kukhala yofooka kapena yosalowerera mbali. Ndizovomerezeka kuti pH ya sing'anga imakhala pang'ono zamchere.
Ndizodziwika kuti pakuwala kwamasamba masamba a arugula amakhala owuma pang'ono ndi owawa. Mthunzi, masamba a mbewu iyi amataya mtundu wawo, kununkhira.
Dothi lodzala liyenera kukonzedwa mosamala. Iyenera kumasulidwa ndikukhazikika. Muzochitika izi pamene acidity ya dothi ndi yokwezeka kwambiri, ndiye kuti imachepetsa. Nthawi yomweyo, choko chansalu chabwino chimawonjezeredwa panthaka. Monga cholowa m'malo mwa choko, dolomite kapena ufa wa laimu ungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuchulukitsa kwa ufa m'nthaka kumadalira momwe nthaka imathiridwira.
Kudzala kwa arugula kwakunja
Mbewu imamizidwa mumabowo awiri masentimita awiri. Mtunda pakati pawo umafika masentimita 5. Mtunda pakati pa mizere yoyandikana umafika masentimita 30. Bowo lililonse limayenera kukhala ndi mbewu zosachepera 2-3. Mbewu izi zimamera bwino nthawi zonse.
Pambuyo pa masiku 7, m'mene zimamera zoyamba zathanzi, chitsime chilichonse chimakhala chopindika. Nthawi zonse pazikhala mbeu 10 cm.
Pambuyo pakufika kosamalira
Arugula ndi odzichiritsa. Pambuyo kukhala, sizitengera chisamaliro chachikulu. Chachikulu ndikumasula pansi nthawi, kuyiluka mu nthawi komanso kuthirira ndimadzi okwanira. Kutentha kovomerezeka kovomerezeka ndi + 5 ... +12 ° С. Kuti Kukule koyenera ndi chitukuko, kutentha mkati mwa + 18 ... + 24 ° С ndikofunikira. Zomera sizisowa madzi. Dothi likakhala louma kwambiri, masamba a rucolla amawuma ndikuyamba kukhala owawa. Ndikofunika kunyamula m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ngati zachuma ndizazikulu, ndiye kuti ikani payipi yomwe imamwa madzi.
Omwe alimi ena amati mmera suyenera kudyetsedwa. Izi ndichifukwa cha malingaliro kuti mizu ya arugula imatha kudziunjikira zinthu zovulaza monga nitrate kapena nitrites. Ndikwabwino kuphatikiza arugula ndi ndowa kapena mullein. Koma ndibwino kuwaza zinthu zofunikira m'nthaka kale pakugwa. Mwina adzakhala peat kapena humus. Popanda kudya kwapadera, arugula imakula bwino. Kukolola kumayamba pomwe masamba ake afikira zizowoneka zachitsulo zomwe zikusonyezedwa pachikwama cha mbewu. Ndizodziwika kuti nthawi kuchokera pa mphukira ya chomera mpaka kudulira kwake imatenga masiku 25. Nthawi zina amatha kudula chomera chonse nthawi imodzi.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Chomera chokoma cha ku Mediterranean ichi chili ndi tizirombo tochepera. Tizilombo tofala kwambiri titha kumaonapo ngati nthata yopachika. Tizilomboti ndikosavuta kupeza pamasamba achomera. Kuteteza mbewuzo, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito lutrasil. Nthawi yamankhwala, akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kukonkha tchire ndi phulusa. Iye, zoona, samawopsya midges, koma mabedi ndiowolitsidwa bwino.
Nthawi zambiri matenda amtundu wa fungal amapezeka pamapepala. Izi ndichifukwa choti dothi lomwe lili pansi pa tchire limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Zikakhudza mizu, mbewuyo imakulabe. Olima maluwa aluso amalimbikitsa kuchotsa mitengo yamtunduwu nthawi yomweyo kuti kupewa matenda a oyandikana nawo. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa aluso amalimbikitsa kuti azichotsa tchire lamtunduwu kuti apewe matenda a tchire loyandikana. Ndikofunika kusunga masamba okhwima m'malo abwino. Osangowonetsera kuwongolera dzuwa, chifukwa zimatha kukhala zoyipa kwambiri.
Mutha kuwaphatikiza ndi zakudya zam'maso monga zonunkhira, ndikuthira ndi saladi. Zomera zimaphatikizira bwino ndi mafuta a azitona. Magawo a tchizi kapena tomato amakhalanso abwino ku saladi. Amawoneka wokongola nthawi zonse, patebulo lokhazikika komanso pazakudya za zikondwerero. Amadziwika kuti ku Caucasus amadya zimayambira za mbewu iyi. Zimayenda bwino ndi zokometsera zambiri. Zingakondweretsere alendo onse.
