Maluwa a Babian: akufika ndikutuluka panja

Babiana (lat. Iridáceae) - maluwa owala bwino ndi dzina lachilendo kuchokera ku banja la Iris. Kutembenukira ku mbiriyakale ya chiyambi cha chomera, zimakhala zomveka chifukwa chake zimatchedwa. Chinthuchi ndi chakuti maluwa okondweretsawa amachokera ku Africa, ndipo anthu ammudzi - abambo amakonda kwambiri, koma momwe zida zazing'onozi zimakhalira kumalo mwathu komanso momwe tingasamalirire bwino - tiyeni tione nkhaniyi.

Malongosoledwe a zomera

Maluwa okondedwa a mbulu amakula ku South Africa ndipo amaimiridwa ndi chomera chosatha. Nthawi yayitali ya tsinde (kapena zimayambira) ku Babian ndi 15-25 masentimita, ndipo onsewo amazokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa, ofanana ndi gladioli.

Mtundu wa maluwa kawirikawiri umakhala woyera, wabuluu, wofiirira kapena mithunzi yambiri, malingana ndi mtunduwo. Inflorescences ali ndi zonunkhira zabwino, zomwe zimatsindika maonekedwe awo okongola. Nkhumba zambiri zimasungidwa mumtengowo wozungulira zipatso. Maluwa amabiany amatha mwezi umodzi.

Mitundu

Babiana amagawidwa mu mitundu yambiri, yomwe ndi yosiyana kwambiri.

Mukudziwa? Mafumu a ku Ulaya ankalemekeza kwambiri maluwa a banja la Iris ndipo nthawi zambiri ankawamasulira pa zizindikiro zawo.

Mtundu ndi fungo la maluwa zimadalira mtundu wa Iridáceae:

1. Amatidwa ndi abayi - Chomera chochepa chokhala ndi masentimita 20 chimatuluka ndi maluwa oyera kapena ofiira a kukula kwapakati ndi chikopa. Mitundu imeneyi imaphulika m'chaka ndipo imakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
2. Buluu ndi abambo ofiira - mitundu yosawerengeka ya Iridáceae ndi maluwa a buluu (kumapeto kwa maluwa amakhala ndi chofiira chofiira). Masamba ali ndi villi ang'onoang'ono ndipo ali ndi mitsempha yosiyana.

   Mukudziwa? Malinga ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi mababu a zomera za banja la Iris, ndizotheka kunena kuti zimathandiza thupi la munthu. Mwachitsanzo, kutsekemera kwa iwo kudzathandiza pakukhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi.
3. Abayi olondola - mitundu yofala kwambiri, yomwe imaimiridwa ndi chomera chochepa chokhala ndi tsinde la masentimita 25. Chimake chimakhala choyera kapena pinki chokhala ndi zing'onozing'ono.

Kuswana

Kufalitsa izi osatha zomera ndi zophweka. Pazifukwazi, mababuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofalitsira mbewu. Mukhoza kusankha chilichonse, koma nkofunika kukumbukira kuti aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe ake komanso zinsinsi.

Mababu

Kufalikira ndi mababu, kapena monga momwe amatchulidwira "ana", ndi kosavuta komanso kosavuta. Maluwa okondeka kwambiri a abambo a ku Africa, sangathe kulekerera nyengo yozizira, kotero kuti isanafike chimfine chiyenera kupita kunyumba, mwinamwake chomera chidzafa.

Maluwa amaluwa monga chisanu, autumn crocus, gladiolus, kakombo, daffodil, tulip, ixia, candyk, allium, hionodoksa ndi dahlia amafalanso ndi mababu.

1. Pambuyo pa mapeto a maluwa (kumayambiriro kwa autumn), duwa tubers ayenera kukumba ndi kusamutsidwa kunyumba (makamaka m'malo ozizira mdima) ndi kuyembekezera mpaka yophukira kubzala kachiwiri.
2. Ndizotheka kudzala maluwa okongola kwambiri osati kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndipo dziko lapansi liyenera kutentha pang'ono, choncho mapeto a mwezi wa March amatengedwa nthawi yabwino. (kutentha pamwamba + 20 ° C). Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ngati mukuganiza nthawi yeniyeni, a Babian adzayamba kukula mwamsanga.
3. Malo Malo pa malo amadalira mtundu wa mbewu. Popeza mtundu wa Iridáceae ukuchokera kudziko lakumwera, duwa limakonda kutentha ndi dzuwa, ndipo limachita mantha ndi mphepo ndi kuzizira.
4. Nthaka Pankhani za nthaka, zonse zimakhala zofanana ndi malo omwe ali pa tsamba. Dera lakumwera - nthaka yosamba, yomwe ikhoza kusunga chinyezi bwino. Ngati nthaka pamtengowo ndi yotsika kwambiri - mukhoza kuika peti kapena mchenga pansi pa dzenje.
5. Kutalika ndi kutsika kwafika. Zomera zonse zimafuna danga, ndipo "zokoma za abambo" sizili choncho. Iridáceae iyenera kuyesedwa kwa kuya kwa 5-7 masentimita pamtunda wa 8-12 masentimita.
6. Kupititsa patsogolo. Choncho, nthawi zonse pamene tikufika, tikudziwa, ndi nthawi yosankha bwino momwe mungabzalitsire mababu mu nthaka yokonzedwa. Nthaŵi yabwino yothandizira izi idzakhala nyengo yabwino yotentha dzuwa. Ndikoyenera kukumba mabowo, kuika "ana" mwa iwo pamtunda woyenera kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndi kuwaphimba ndi dziko lapansi. Patapita mphindi pang'ono muyenera kuthirira mbande ndikudikirira kukula kwawo.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati zigawo zonse za chiwembuzo zili m'ndandanda kapena siziwunikiridwa mokwanira, ndiye bwino kukula Babian kunyumba, mwinamwake chomera sichidzapulumuka.

Mbewu

Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa chomera chimayamba kusamba osati kale kuposa zaka zitatu. Olimala odwala nthawi zina amazipereka nsembe, makamaka poganizira kuti zotsatira zake n'zothandiza.

Kubzala mbewu kumayamba ndi kugula kapena kusonkhanitsa zokolola. Pambuyo pake, m'pofunika kuyika zitsanzo zosankhidwa muzitsulo zamadzi, kuika chidebe ndikusiya malo ozizira kwa mwezi. Pambuyo pake, nyembazo zimabzalidwa muzitsulo zamkati, ndikudikirira mpaka zomera zikuphukira. Pambuyo kumera, mbande zimasunthira ku malo ounikira kwambiri ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. Mmera ukakhala wamphamvu (pafupifupi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May), mbande zimaloledwa mu nthaka yokonzedwa.

Kusamalira Zomera

Iridáceae ndi maluwa osadzichepetsa, ndipo malo osankhidwa bwino adzathetsa nkhawa zomwe sizikufunikira. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziŵa kuti boma likukonda Babani ndi momwe angamusamalire bwino.

Kuthirira

Duwa limakonda chinyezi, komabe, simungathe kuliposa. Chomeracho chiyenera kukhala ndi nthaka yonyowa, makamaka m'chilimwe.

Dzizindikiritseni ndi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito kuthirira mowa, komanso phunzirani momwe mungakhalire dongosolo la ulimi wothirira ku dacha.

Chinyezi

Kuwonjezera pa kuthirira, tsiku lirilonse la chilimwe ndi lofunika kwambiri kupopera duwa ku botolo la kutsitsi, potero kukhalabe ndi chinyezi chokwanira kwa icho.

Kupaka pamwamba

Chomeracho sichifuna kudya chapadera, koma nthawi ya maluwa imayenera kupatsidwa chidwi chapadera. Pakatha masiku asanu ndi awiri, m'pofunika kulima ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, ndipo kamodzi pa masiku khumi ndi anayi - kufotokozera zinthu zakuthupi m'nthaka.

Kudulira

Kupititsa patsogolo kukongoletsa makhalidwe pambuyo maluwa, zotayika zimayambira ayenera kudulidwa.

Kusungirako mababu m'nyengo yozizira

Pali malamulo ena omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa kuti athe kubzala mbewu chaka chatha:

1. Pambuyo kudulira mapesi a zouma, babuwo ayenera kukumbidwa mosamala (popanda vuto lililonse mukhoza kukhudza ndi fosholo).
2. Anyezi ayenera kuuma bwinobwino, ndi kuwasiya anawo mpaka masika.
3. Zinthuzi ziyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira (kutentha kuchokera ku +8 mpaka + 12 ° C), pamalo amdima. Mutha kuyika mu matumba a mapepala, kapena kuyika mu chidebe ndi peat.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge za momwe mungasunge mababu a tulip ndi gladiolus musanadzalemo.

Mavuto akukula

Kwenikweni, palibe vuto ndi mtundu uwu wa irises, komabe, ngati pangapangidwe cholakwika pakusankha nthawi kapena malo, zimakhala zotheka:

1. Vuto loyamba limene wamaluwa angakumane nalo ndi kusowa kwa kukula pambuyo pochoka. Chifukwa chachikulu ndikutentha kwa nthaka kapena kutentha kwa mpweya. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, nkofunika kubwezeretsa kubwerera kwa milungu ingapo.
2. Vuto lachiwiri lingakhale la masamba obiriwira. Izi kawirikawiri zimakhala chifukwa cha ntchito za dzuwa. Pankhaniyi, maluwa muyenera kukonza mthunzi, ndipo chaka chotsatira kuti musankhe malo ena kuti mubwere.

Ndikofunikira! N'zotheka kudzala mabakia ndi makanda awiri kumapeto kwa nyengo, kuwasiyanitsa mosamala ndi mbali yaikulu ya chomera.

Zosatha monga adonis, sanguinaria, salpiglossis, argirantemum, asilikali, aconite, celosia, scabiosa, kampanula munda ndi alissum zimakongoletsa bwino munda wanu.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Ngakhale kuti kumayambiriro kwakumadzulo kwa maluwa a Babini, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhoza kuvulaza zomera.

Nthawi zambiri amaukira:

1. Aphid - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amamwa madzi kuchokera kwa alendo oyenda kumwera. Sindikudziwa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa masamba amatha kutenthetsa madzi, ndipo mawanga akuda amapezeka pambali ya tsamba la masamba (akhoza kukula mofulumira) ndi akangaude. Kuti mupeze duwa, m'pofunikira kusamalira masamba ndi anyezi kapena adyo yankho.
2. Muzu Tiketi. Pafupifupi mabala a tiziromboti, kutulutsa babu ndi mizu ya mbewu. Ngati gawo ili lawonongeka, ndiye kuti silingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulima. Chifukwa cha vuto ili ndi chinyezi chochuluka cha nthaka.
3. Kupuma - imamwa madzi kuchokera ku chomera ndipo imatembenukira mwamsanga chikasu ndipo imatha. Pofuna kuteteza maluwa muyenera kulimbana ndi yankho la "Decis".

Ndikofunikira! Njira yabwino yothetsera tizirombo ndikuteteza maonekedwe awo.

Choncho, taphunzira zinsinsi zonse za maluŵa okongola omwe ali ndi mizu ya ku Africa yotchedwa "babiana". Wonenetsa wa banja la Iris adzakhala wochulukitsa kwambiri kumunda uliwonse wamaluwa, ndipo kununkhira kwake kudzakhala kopindulitsa kukwaniritsa dongosolo lililonse la maluwa.