Astrantia ndi membala wa banja lalikulu la Umbrella.
Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodziwika ku Europe ndi Asia. Tchire limakhala lochoka pakuchoka, limatha kumva bwino nthawi zina. Zabwino kwa wamaluwa oyambira, koma poaziika, muyenera kuganizira mbali zingapo zofunika.
Kufotokozera kwa maluwa a astrantia
Astrantia ili ndi zitsamba zosazungulira za mawonekedwe owongoka ndi kutalika kosaposa mita 1. Masamba a mtundu wa masamba opakidwa ndi kanjedza amapanga rosette imodzi yapansi. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala owala. Anthu amatcha chitsamba chija chifukwa cha maambulera owoneka ngati nyenyezi. Masamba ofunda ndi wobiriwira wamkulu wowoneka bwino. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala mu Meyi ndipo imatha mpaka kugwa. Nthawi ino yakwana kuti mwana akhazikike, wokhala ndi ziwiri.
Astrantia ndi a mbewu za uchi, motero amakopa njuchi kwambiri. Chomera chimatha kukula bwino m'malo ovuta, chifukwa chili ndi kutentha kwambiri nyengo yachisanu ndipo chimapewa zinthu zoipa.
Duwa limabzalidwa m'magulu ochepa. Imagwira bwino ndi mbewu zoyandikana, mwachitsanzo, geraniums, medunitsa, heichera, makamu. Astrantia kwa nthawi yayitali amakhalanso watsopano pambuyo kudula, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe okongola akunja, mbewuyi imadziwika chifukwa chodzala ndi chisamaliro.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya astrantia
Zomera zili ponseponse ku Europe ndi Western Asia. Kulima zamtundu wina kunayamba m'zaka za zana la 16.
Mitundu wamba ndi mitundu:
| Onani | Kufotokozera | Gulu | Kufotokozera |
| Astrantia Major | Zimapezeka ku Ukraine, Moldova, m'maiko a Baltic ndi Belarus. Malo okukula amasankha m'mphepete ndi udzu pafupi ndi nkhalango zachilengedwe. Osapitilira 70 cm. | Moulin Rouge | Amasiyana mu inflorescence yofiyira, masamba a nsalu amakuda kwambiri. Ngati chitsamba chimamera pamalopo pomwe pali kuwala kambiri dzuwa, ndiye kuti maluwa amakhala owala komanso akulu. |
| Ruby Ukwati | Imakula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 65, maluwa amapaka utoto wofiirira. Malo abwino kwambiri okulira ndi mdera lamdothi, pafupi ndi mitengo. | ||
| Claret | Maluwa ndi okutira mumtundu wa burgundy. Kutalika kwa chomera sikupitirira masentimita 55. Chimamasuka pakati pa chilimwe, ndipo zipatso zimamaliza kupanga kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Ndikwabwino kukula duwa pamthunzi, limalimidwa bwino mumtsuko. | ||
| Prima donna | Chochititsa chidwi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana imadziwika kuti ndi maluwa ofiira akuda okhala ndi zomata zopepuka. Mtengowo ndi wamtali masentimita 70. Zosiyanazo zimamverera bwino pang'onopang'ono padzuwa komanso m'malo amdima. | ||
| Venice | Chimodzi mwa zinthu zamtunduwu ndi mthunzi wa ruby wa inflorescence. | ||
| Malawi | Imafika kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 75, ndipo imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira wapinki. | ||
| Sunningdale Variegata | Amasiyanasiyana ma paleve la inflorescence a lavenda. | ||
| Rosea Symphony | Amakula mpaka 70 cm, ali ndi pinki inflorescence ndi wotumbululuka pinki. | ||
| Rosea | Msinkhu wosapitirira 60 cm, wokhala ndi masamba amaso ndi ma pink pinki inflorescence. | ||
| Chipale | Mtundu oyera wa maluwa, zokutira zoyera zokhala ndi ma greens okhala ndi mawonekedwe. Osapitilira 70 cm. Imapangidwa bwino m'malo amdima. | ||
| Njira ya Abby | Chofiyira, inflorescence imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, makulidwe awo ndi amtundu pang'ono amdima. | ||
| Astrantia Maxima (Wokulirapo) | Amakula ku Caucasus. Imafika kutalika pafupifupi 70 cm, ili ndi mizu yamphamvu komanso yayitali. Mapepala okhala ndi mbali zitatu. Pawiri, ma ambulate inflorescence osavuta ndi 4.5 cm, mulinso maluwa a pinki. Masamba a wokutira ali ndi utoto wofiirira, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 1 cm, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a filmy. Limamasamba mu Ogasiti, koma chiyambi chitha kuchepetsedwa mpaka Seputembara. | ||
| Astrantia Carniolica (Carniol) | Chomera chosatha ndi mbale zamkati. Ma inflorescence amapangidwa ndi maluwa owala. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi rubra. Imafika masentimita 70. Maluwa amapezeka kumapeto kwa masika ndipo amatha miyezi itatu. | ||
Omwe alimi ena amalima zamtundu wa Bavaria, mitundu itatu, hellebore, komanso mitundu ikuluikulu ya astrantia - Bieberstein ndi Alba. Pakati pawo, amasiyana mumtambo wamaluwa, kutalika, nthawi yamaluwa ndi malo achitukuko.
Kulima kwa Astrantia kuchokera ku mbewu
Kukula kwa astrantia kuchokera ku mbewu ndikovuta kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachilengedwe, koma kumakhala kopindulitsa. Chachikulu ndi kulingalira zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri zomwe kukula ndi chiwonjezerochi chikukula. Choyamba, muyenera kuzolowera zachilengedwe za kufesa, kenako pitani kukulira mbande.
Kubzala mbewu za astrantia pansi
Njira imodzi yofalitsira kupenda nyenyezi ndiyo kudzifesa. Tizikumbukira kuti mbande zotere zili ndi mawonekedwe osakwanira a makolo kuposa kufalitsa ndi odulidwa.
Chifukwa chake, wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zoweta zitsamba. Mbeu zokhwidwa kumene ziyenera kubzalidwa pafupi ndi dzinja, kuti m'miyezi yoyamba ya mphukira yophukira ipangidwe kale.
Kufesa mbewu za astrantia za mbande
Ndikwabwino kubzala astrantia kudzera mbande, pamenepa mbewu zimafesedwa masika m'mabokosi apadera.
Kuti mutukule bwino, stratification iyenera kuthandizidwa - mbewu zochokera nthawi yophukira zimayikidwa mufiriji mu gawo la masamba kwa miyezi 2-3. Izi zisanachitike, ndikofunikira kudziwa nokha zomwe zidziwike pa phukusi. Ngati wopanga adazindikira kuyambirako, ndiye kuti izi zitha kusiyidwa.
Kubzala mbewu zopangidwa mu dothi lokonzedwa, ziyenera kukhala zopepuka komanso osakhala ndi zapadera.
Zimagawidwa pamtunda, dothi loonda limayikidwa pamwamba pamtunda. Mabokosiwo amaphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena magalasi, kenako ndikuyika pamalo okhala ndi chinyezi komanso kutentha kosatha kwa +22 ° C. Mbewu zoyambirira zikaonekera, muyenera kuchotsa malo ogona.
Kusamalira mmera wa Astrantia
Ndikupitiliza kwa mbande, mabokosi amayenera kuyikiridwa m'chipinda. Mbewu zocheperako zimafunikira masiku 7-14. Zomera zazing'ono zimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi pamene dothi lamtunda lisaume, gawo lapansi liyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse. Mukaponya ndege, muyenera kusamala kuti muteteze.
Tikukula ma astrantia poyera
Thanzi ndi mtundu wa mbewu zamtsogolo zimadalira mtundu wobzala munthaka yokonzeka. Chifukwa chake, njirayi iyenera kufikiridwa moyenera komanso mosamala momwe kungathekere.
Imayenera kuphunzira zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi astrantia. Ngakhale mlimi wa novice amatha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi, chifukwa chitsamba sichimakonda zachilengedwe ndipo chimatha kukula pafupifupi m'nthaka iliyonse.
Kubzala
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Popeza ndinazolowera kale mawonekedwe a mitundu, chifukwa kwa mbewu zina malo dzuwa ndi abwino, ndipo kwa ena limadetsedwa. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda chonde komanso chonde, koma palibe zofunika zapadera pakapangidwe kazinthu.
Momwe mungabzalire
Mbande zoyikidwa patali pafupifupi 35 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Dzenje liyenera kupangidwa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yakuzama chimodzimodzi ngati pakukula mbande. Kuzungulira tchire muyenera kuthira dothi ndikuthirira madzi ambiri. Pambuyo pazaka 3 zaku astrantia, mutha kuzindikira maluwa oyamba.
Kusamalira a Astrantia m'munda
Ndi mvula yokhazikika, chisamaliro chapadera sichofunikira. Panthawi yachilala, mmera uyenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata, zomwe zingatheke kuti zithetse maluwa amodzi. Mukasunga dothi nthawi yonse yobzala, chitsamba chimaphukanso. Mukang kuthirira kapena kugumula mozungulira chomera, masulani chimbudzi ndikuchotsa namsongole. Kuti musunge nthawi, mulch m'deralo ndi peat kapena humus.
Kuti maluwa athepetse komanso kuti muchepetse kudzimana, ma inflorescence owoneka ayenera kuchotsedwa. Pambuyo yoyamba kudula ma peduncle onse, izi zidzakhala zowonjezera pakapangidwe ka mivi, kuphatikiza, muyeso uwu umakupatsani mwayi wopanga chitsamba chowongoka komanso chokhazikika.
Kudyetsa kuyenera kuchitika m'miyezi yoyambirira ya masika. Chulukitsani dothi losauka kamodzi zaka zitatu zilizonse ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu mu Julayi kapena August. Onjezani zinthu mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi.
Kufalikira kwa Astrantia
Gawo lodziwika bwino kwambiri la kuthengo. Zimapangidwa kasupe (musanayambe kukula) kapena kugwa (pantchito). Duwa lokhazikika limagawidwa m'magawo angapo, wobzalidwa pamtunda wa 40-50 cm, ndikuwonjezera humus pachitsime chilichonse. Zomera zatsopano ziyamba kuphuka patatha zaka zitatu. Njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusunga mawonekedwe amtundu wa mbewu.
Tizirombo ndi matenda a astrantia
Ntchito zoteteza za Astrantia ndizokwanira kuthana ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toopsa. Zovuta pachitsamba zitha kukhala zopanda tanthauzo. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chothirira pafupipafupi, zotupa za fungal zimatha kuoneka, zomwe fungicides zimatha kuthetsa - Quadris, Fundazole, phytosporin, Bravo.
Astrantia pamtunda
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a chomera, opanga amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito. Astrantia ndi yoyenera kupanga mabedi az maluwa ndi mapangidwe okongoletsa a ngodya zamthunzi wamundawu, mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi mitengo ndi tchire tina.
Mitundu yomwe imamera pang'ono imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga miyala yamwala ndi zokongoletsera dziwe.
Maonekedwe ake oyambirira ali ndi kama wamaluwa, wopangidwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya nyenyezi. Tchire lonyentchera la chomera limatsogolera ku vuto lopanda kulemera ndi kupepuka: pafupi ndi masamba otumphuka a astrantia pali maluwa ofiira, oyera, oyera, oyera.
Astrantia ndi mbewu yobiriwira yamuyaya yomwe ili ndi maluwa osadziwika bwino. Imatha kukula m'malo ovuta kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala, kotero imakhala chisankho cha oyambitsa wamaluwa. Monga oyandikana ndi tchire, mutha kuyika maluwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu kapena maluwa. Kuphatikiza kotereku kudzapanga lingaliro wamba lomwe silidzangowoneka lokongola, komanso kununkhira bwino.
