Hibiscus (Chinese rose) ndi banja la zopeka, lomwe limagawidwa kwambiri kumadera otentha komanso otentha.
Duwa ili ndi mitundu yambiri: Mitengo ya udzu, zitsamba ndi mitengo zimapezeka.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya munda hibiscus
Mwachilengedwe, pafupifupi mitundu 300 ya maluwa achi China. Pakati ndi kotentha nyengo, ena mwa iwo ndi omwe amatha kukula:
- Syria - kutalika 5-6 mita, amatanthauza zitsamba zabwino. Masamba okhala ndi mazira okhala ndi maluwa amodzi mosiyanasiyana.
- Duc de Brabant ndi mtundu wa hibiscus waku Syria womwe umatalika mpaka 2 metres, thunthu limakhala lofiirira pakhungu, masamba ali ndi udzu wobiriwira wakuda. Amamasuka m'maluwa apawiri a utoto wofiirira ndi wofiira nthawi yonse ya chilimwe.
- Ardens ndi chitsamba chowoneka bwino mpaka 1.5m kutalika ndi korona wokongola komanso wokongola, masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a dzira, atatu-lobed, mbale yobiriwira. Amaluwa ndi maluwa ofiirira.
- Utatu - umamera ku Africa, ndi mtengo wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri. Amatchedwa choncho chifukwa cha masamba atatu okhala ndi masamba, masamba achikasu okhala ndi pakati wofiira amapangika pakati pama sinuses.
- Zophatikiza - mbewu yosatha yokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- Grassy - Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu, hibiscus, maluwa kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala. Zimayambira ndi zazikulu, zofanana ndi mpendadzuwa, maluwa ndi oyera kapena ofiira.
- Swamp - mitundu yosatha ndi tsamba looneka ngati mtima ndi lilac, rasipiberi, maluwa ofiira komanso ofiirira. Imapirira chisanu mpaka -30 ° C.
Kunja kofikira
Kubzala poyera maluwa kumachitika mchaka mpaka chisanu. Mutha kubzala m'dzinja, koma nthawi yomweyo maziko a thunthu liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi makungwa a pine kapena nthambi zina.
Duwa lachi China limatha kukhala malo amodzi kwa zaka pafupifupi 20, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti dengalo liri mbali ya dzuwa ndipo limatsekedwa kuchokera kumphepo ndi kukonzekera. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi komanso lotayirira, liyenera kudutsa mpweya ndi madzi bwino.
Tekinolo ya kubzala hibiscus poyera:
- Akufukula dzenje, lomwe limayenera kukhala lalikulupo kuwirikiza kawiri, chifukwa mizu yake imafunikira malo ambiri.
- Kokani masentimita 4-5 ndikuthira mpaka pansi, njerwa yosweka, dongo lotukulidwa, mipira ya chithovu ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali idzachita.
- Mchenga wosakanizika ndi kompositi, humus, peat ndi dothi lamasamba 8-10 masentimita umathiridwa pamadzi.
- Mbeu ya hibiscus imatsikira kudzenje ndikuzika bwino, ndikofunikira kuti khosi la mizu likuyandikira pansi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kubzala mbewu bwino bwino.
- Bowo litadzaza ndi dothi, chomera chimadzaza ndi kuthirira.
Hibiscus amazidulira mu kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe maluwa asanayambe. Mizu yam'mwamba imachotsedwa, ndipo chitsamba chimapita kumalo atsopano ndi mtanda wakale, kuti mizu isawonongeke. Asanabzike, koronayo amakudula pang'ono kuti chomera chimere msanga m'dera latsopano.
Kusamalira Hibiscus Yamasamba
Hibiscus imamera bwino panthaka yodwala ndipo silivomereza miyala yamiyala. Zoyala zovomerezeka ndi kulimidwa nthawi zonse, monga chitsamba chimafa m'dambo komanso dothi lamadzi. Chapakatikati, duwa lachi China likuyenera kumanga nyumba yobiriwira, chifukwa limakonda kutentha ndi chinyezi chachikulu, nthawi yotentha nyumba zimayeretsedwa.
Ngati udzu wamera pamalopo, uyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, makamaka m'miyezi yoyamba mutabzala. Pambuyo maluwa zitsamba kuti muchepetse chinyezi.
Mukabzala kasupe kuti mugwire bwino nyengo yachisanu, ndikofunikira kuti mulch dothi m'munsi mwa chomera. Phimbani ndi nthambi zamipatso yamtengo wapatali kapena makungwa a paini. Mutatha tchire, madzi ambiri, kumasula dothi pamizu, kudula nthambi ndi kumeza feteleza. Mosamala, mbewuyo imaphuka kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala.
Kutsirira kumachitika pamene nthaka imakuma m'munsi mwa hibiscus, madzi ayenera kukhala otentha kwambiri, nyengo yotentha imachulukitsa. Ngati mbewuyo ilibe chinyezi chokwanira, ndiye kuti imatsitsa masamba.
Kukhazikitsa tchire ndikofunikira kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe, ndi pafupipafupi kawiri pa sabata. Feteleza wabwino wa phosphorous.
Kulima nthaka pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuti mizu ipume komanso ikhale ndi michere.
Ndikofunika kuti muzidulira dimba lachi China maluwa mu kasupe kapena Juni, ali ndi phindu pa maluwa, amapereka mawonekedwe okongola komanso osalala. Mitundu Yokopa:
- Makungu, momwe njira zofowoka ndi zakale zimachotsedwa;
- Kulimbikitsa kumachitika mu Marichi-Epulo ndipo ndikofunikira pakukula bwino komanso maluwa oyambirira;
- Kuwongolera, mothandizidwa, mawonekedwe olondola ndi okongoletsa amapatsidwa chisoti cha mtengo;
- Yophukira ikuchitika pambuyo maluwa.
Mtengo wachichepere umafunika chisamaliro choyenera usanadulidwe: uyenera kudulidwa, kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri ndikuwumirira ndi nthambi za spruce, humus, kompositi kapena utuchi wouma. Pambuyo pokutidwa ndi nsalu ya thonje ndikugwada pansi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mwapadera mini-greenhouse.
Zolemba za kusungitsa hibiscus
Kufalikira kwa mbewu kumachitika m'njira zitatu.
Mbewu
Chomera chimakula kuyambira kumapeto kwa Januware mpaka Marichi. Asanafesere mbewu, ndikofunikira kuthana nayo mu njira yolimba ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa theka la ora, kenako ndikutsitsa mu yankho ndi zokupatsani kukula kwa tsiku limodzi. Pambuyo pake, kubzala zakutizakuti mu chidebe ndi peat ndi mchenga, kuphimba ndi filimu kapena galasi. Kutentha mkati mwa mphika kuyenera kukhala osachepera + 27 ° C. Masana, musaiwale kutsegula polyethylene ndikuwongolera mmera, komanso kuthirira madzi ambiri komanso munthawi yake. Masamba atatu oyamba akangowonekera, muyenera kubzala mbande m'miphika yosiyanasiyana, kuwapatsa kuunikira kwabwino. Nthaka pamalo kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Kudula
Dulani mphukira ndi ma internodes atatu ndikuthandizira gawo lotsika la chomeracho ndi chopatsira chophukacho. Pambuyo poziika mumphika wokhala ndi peat filler ndikuyika mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha kosatsika kuposa + 27 ° C. Maluwa atangokhala mizu, amafunika kumanikizidwa ndi kuwabzala m'mbale zosiyanasiyana. Thirani dothi komanso mchenga mumphika. Tchire ikangokulira, itabzyala pa kanyumba kamalimwe. Maluwa adzayamba mchaka choyamba mutabzala.
Gawoli
Kumbani hibiscus kuchokera mu dzenje, kuzindikira muzu waukulu ndikudula mbali ziwiri. Nthawi yomweyo gwirirani ndi phulusa, ndipo ikani m'mizu yatsopano mu bowo ndi macheka odulidwa, omwe kale anali ndi othandizira okula. Thirani ndi madzi ofunda.
Mavuto akulu akamakula m'munda
Garden hibiscus amakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo ndipo amatenga matenda:
- Tizilombo tosaopsa kwambiri kwa duwa lachi China ndi aphid ndi nkhupakupa. Mutha kupulumutsa mbewu kuti isawonongedwe ndi tizirombo pobzala lavenda yapafupi, komanso nthawi ya geranium. Izi zimawopa nsabwe za m'masamba ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimapanga maluwa okongola m'derali. Ngati mbewu zotere sizikufuna kubzala, ndiye kuti mutha kuchiza mankhwalawo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Polimbana ndi kangaude, mufunika kugwira ntchito molimbika, popeza ndizovuta kuchotsa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera: Fitoverm, Taurus.
- Matenda akuluakulu a chitsamba ndi chlorosis. Zimayamba chifukwa chosowa chitsulo ndi nayitrogeni. Masamba amatembenukira pang'onopang'ono chikasu, ndikugwa, mphukira zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi pachimake pachikasu ndikugwera. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kudyetsa hibiscus pafupipafupi, ngati matendawa akupita kale, ndiye kuti muziyambitsa chelate mu dothi ndikuwonjezeranso masamba ena nawo.
- Kupaka masamba kuthekera chifukwa cha dothi louma, kuthirira kuyenera kuchuluka, ndipo vutoli limachoka lokha. Komanso, zovuta izi zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuvutika kwa mizu pakuzula kapena kumasula dothi. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kulimbitsa mizu ya chitsamba powayika mu yankho la chophukira ndi mizu, mwachitsanzo, Kornevin, komanso kuwaza ndi masamba.
- Kugwa kwa masamba kuchokera pachomera ndi chikhalidwe cha ku Syria hibiscus, chifukwa ndi amitundu yabwino. Pazifukwa za udzu, kufa kwa gawo lonse la mlengalenga kusanazidwe. Ngati idayamba isanakwane ndandanda ndipo masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikasu, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchitira mbewu chimodzimodzi ndi chikasu.
A Dachnik adalangiza: momwe angapangire hibiscus nthawi yachisanu?
Kuti pakhale bwino komanso maluwa ambiri chaka chamawa, shrub iyenera kukonzekera bwino nyengo yachisanu:
- Poyamba, zindikirani mitundu ya hibiscus: yosagwira chisanu ingophimba ndi lapnik, komanso kukonda kutentha kusamutsa mumphika pamalo otentha nthawi yachisanu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtundu wonga mtengo umataya masamba nthawi yachisanu.
- Manyowa pamizu ndi potaziyamu m'dzinja, siyani kudyetsa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
- Madzi mpaka woyamba chisanu 1 nthawi 2 milungu.
- Tenthetsani dothi m'munsi mwa chitsamba ndi makungwa a paini, utuchi, kompositi kapena humus ndi makulidwe a masentimita 10.
- Phimbani hibiscus ndi zinthu zapadera kapena mumange wowonjezera kutentha.
Kukula kwa hibiscus (Chinese rose) ndi nkhani yosavuta, ngati mutsatira malamulo onse ndi malingaliro, ndiye duwa lidzakhala lokongoletsa dimba.
