Monstera ndi mpesa wosabereka wa banja la Aroid. Kumene kubadwira epiphyte ndiye malo otentha a South America. Chomera chimakhala ndi masamba akulu ndikudula kapena kwathunthu. Pamwamba pa mphukira pali malo okula.
Mizu yodalirika ndiyitali, yopanda komanso yocheperako. Maluwa sawoneka bwino, ndipo zipatso zake ndi zomwe zimadya. Mitundu ya mbewuyi imaphatikizapo mitundu 50 ndi mitundu yambiri.
Mitundu ya zoopsa zapanyumba - tebulo
Sikuti mitundu yonse ya mbewu ndi yoyenera kumera pakhomo, kutengera zigawo. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu iwiri imakhala wamkulu: oblique komanso wokongola. Mutha kuyesa kukhala ndi mbira panyumba, zoperekedwa pagome:
Mitundu | Kufotokozera |
| Wachikondi (Chakudya, Alba, Deliciosa) | Masamba osalala achikuda. Zomwe zimayambira ndizakuda, zamtundu. |
| Variegata | Masamba osakanizidwa ndi masamba opepuka. Mitundu ya chikasu komanso yobiriwira. |
| Kuzembera | Masamba owaza ochepa omwe ali ndi petioles lalifupi. |
| Adanson (wosakondera) | Tadzipatula mwamphamvu timapepala tating'ono tokhala ndi mabowo tating'ono. |
| Woonda | Ndi osowa. Masamba otsegulira masamba a Cirrus. Kukula pang'ono. |
| Borziga | Wosapatsa mpesa pang'ono. Mtundu wa Monstera Delicatessen. |
| Wokayikira (Dubia) | Little liana ndi masamba athunthu. |
Chikhalidwe chonyalanyaza chinalola mbewu kukongoletsa zipinda za nyumba, maofesi, minda ya botanical. Chifukwa chake, monstera ya mosagate ndi chizindikiro cha mwanaalirenji komanso chuma. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zokwawa zambiri ndizazikulu ndipo zimafuna malo ena: mitundu ina imakula mpaka 3 metres.
Kusamalira Nyama Ya Nyengo Yokha - Gome
Liana safuna chisamaliro chovuta. Amasowa madzi ambiri m'nyengo yotentha, tchuthi cha dzinja ndi kudulira nthawi yake.
Pa kutentha kochepa m'nyumba, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kocheperako. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kamodzi pakadutsa masiku 30 aliwonse pakukula. Ngati mbewu nthawi zonse imakhala pamithunzi, korona wake imadulidwa. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri, masamba amatha kutenthedwa, ndipo mukawonjezeranso izi, kuthilira, kumayamba kukhala kozizira. Ngati kutentha kwatentha kwambiri, masamba amapota, kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira.
Gome limawonetsa chisamaliro chomera pofika nyengo ya chaka:
Nyengo | Kuwala | Chinyezi | Zotentha |
| Kasupe / chilimwe | Mthunzi pang'ono kapena kuwala kosayatsidwa. Kuti mupewe kuwotcha, pamafunika mfuti kumbali yotentha. Ndi kuyatsa kochepa, masamba amakhala ochepa, palibe mabala omwe amapangidwa. | Wofatsa. Mu nthawi yotentha kupopera kumavomerezeka. | Kuyambira +20 mpaka + 25 ° C popanda kusintha mwadzidzidzi. Kupanda kukonzekera. |
| Kugwa / yozizira | Kuunikira kokumba kumafunika. | Wofatsa. Kupopera mankhwala pafupipafupi mchipinda chotentha. | Osachepera kuposa + 12 ° C. Kutali ndi zida zamagetsi. |
Maluwa monstera kunyumba ndizovuta, ndipo nthawi zina ndizosatheka, chifukwa amakonda maluwa pachikhalidwe, koma ngati malamulo onse osavuta popewa izi ndi zotheka, izi zitha kuchitika.
Kutambalala, kufalikira, kudulira, kuthandiza
Mukadzala chomera, muyenera kuyang'anira nthaka. Ikhale yotayirira, yosalowerera ndale. Pali zosankha zingapo:
- tengani gawo limodzi la humus, peat ndi mchenga ndikuwonjezera magawo awiri a turf;
- sakanizani gawo limodzi la khungwa, dothi lamasamba, peat, moss ndi ½ gawo la mchenga wowuma;
- onjezani coconut fiber kapena perlite ku primer yomwe idagulidwa.
Mipesa yaying'ono iyenera kuikidwa m'malo mwake chaka chilichonse, chifukwa imakula mwachangu kwambiri. Miphika iyenera kukhala yayikulu masentimita 2-3 kuposa yakale. Ndikwabwino ngati kutalika kwake ndi mainchesi ake ali ofanana. M'mbale zolimba, masamba amatha kukhala otuwa, owonda ngati gumbwa.
Dothi, zofunikira zonyowetsera madzi ndi kuthekera kwake ziyenera choyamba kukhala chosawilitsidwa. Drainage ayenera kukhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu.
Zomera ziyenera kusinthidwa mosamala, limodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko. Mizu yowuma iyenera kukonzedwa. Amayika Liana pakati pa chidebe chatsopano, amaphimba ndi dziko lapansi komanso mopepuka.
Mipesa ya achikulire imasinthidwa pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri. Zitenga maluwa ambiri. Zimatengera iwo kuti liana lidzakhala lalikulu bwanji. Kukula kwatsopano kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo kuposa wakale kuti mizu imve bwino.
Popeza mbewuyo ndi yayikulu mokwanira, ndibwino kuiika pamodzi. Thirani gawo ndi gawo.
Kuyika monstera yayikulu kwambiri ndikovuta, chifukwa, pakupita nthawi, dothi lokhalo lakale lokhalo lomwe limasinthidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa humus. Ngati simukufuna mavuto ngati amenewa, mutha kuyambitsa chomera chamas mini.
Chilombo chaching'ono chimafunikira chothandizidwa, pomwe ikupondera. Kuphatikiza apo, liana lidzawoneka bwino kwambiri. Amaziyika pamalo osatha ndikuwazidwa. Kwa chomera chachikulire, kuthandizira kumatha kuchitika nokha. Mizu yokhala ndi ulusi wa kokonati si njira yabwino, chifukwa ma liana ndi ovuta kukonza. Kupanga chithandizo, mutha kutenga chidutswa cha tubing pulasitiki, kutalika kuposa chomera, ndikuboola malo ambiri mmenemo. Kenako, ikani mumphika ndikuthira mchenga mkati mwamtunda. Pamwamba muyenera kudzaza moss wophatikizidwa ndi peat. Chithandizocho chimakulungidwa ndi moss chonyowa, pamwamba pake ndi mauna okhala ndi maselo ndikukhazikika ndi chingwe chosodza. Kupangidwaku kumafunikiranso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Zosankha zina ndizotheka.
Mizu ya mlengalenga imamera mu chomera, koma sichitha kuchotsedwa. Ngati mpesowo ukukula limodzi ndi chubu chokulira, ndiye mizu imamera.
Chomera chachikulu chikasiya kukula kwambiri, mutha kudula pamwamba kuti chipangidwenso. Kudula kumayenera kukonkhedwa ndi makala. Njirayi imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira wotsatira, kupangidwa kwa korona.
Kuthirira, feteleza
Kusamalira liana kunyumba sikovuta. Chomera sichimafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi, ngakhale ndichopanda. Masamba a monstera adakutidwa ndi utoto wofiirira ndipo amatulutsa chinyezi pang'ono. Kutsirira kumachitika mutayimitsa dothi kuchokera kumwamba, makamaka ndi madzi ofunda.
Zomera zazing'ono sizikufuna kuvala pamwamba, ndipo akuluakulu amafunika feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere 2 pamwezi muzaka zotentha za chaka.
Malo ogulitsa maluwa ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, "Agricola 7", "Nitrofoska", "Lingogumat" ndi ena. Musanagwiritse ntchito, werengani malangizowo.
Kuswana
Monstera ofalitsidwa ndi mbewu, kudula ndi kuyala kwamlengalenga:
- Ndi kufalitsa mbewu, kuwala ndi kutentha ndizofunikira. Mbewu zimayikidwa mu dothi kapena moss yonyowa. Akhale mwezi umodzi. Kubzala zinthu ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchoke usiku wowonjezerako.
- Mukafukulidwa ndi zodula, tsinde kapena njira zake zina zimabzalidwa mumphika pansi pagalasi. Zodulidwa ziyenera kukhala zazifupi ndi masamba 1-2. Chapamwamba kudula mbali yakumanja, ndipo pansipa - pa oblique. Zobzala ziyenera kuthiriridwa ndikuthiridwa madzi ngati madzi a kumtunda. Chomera chimazika mizu ndikuchiyika mumphika.
- Wosanjikiza ndi muzu wamlengalenga ndi tsamba limabzalidwa mumphika.
Tizilombo, matenda, mavuto otheka - gome
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga sizimakhudza mpesa, koma nthawi zina zimamupha. Zomera zimatha kupindika, kugwa, kutembenuka chikasu ndi youma.
Matenda azomera | Zizindikiro zakunja | Njira zolimbana |
| Chlorosis (wochitidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nkhupakupa) | Masamba achikasu, mawonekedwe a mawanga owala. | Pokonza phytoferm. Mavalidwe apamwamba. Kukhala oyera. |
| Zovunda | Kukongoletsa masamba ndi kutulutsa masamba. | Malangizo a kuthirira. Kuchotsa mizu yowola ndi mafumbi ofikira ndi makala. |
| Spider mite | Maonekedwe a madontho ndi mawanga achikasu pamasamba masamba. Kugwa kwa masamba. Kukhalapo kwa tsamba loyera. | Kusintha phytoferm kapena derris. Sambani pafupipafupi ndi madzi ofunda. |
| Ma nsabwe | Kupotoza, mapindikidwe ndi kuyanika masamba masamba. | Chithandizo cha nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kukonzekera kwa permethrin. |
| Chotchinga | Maonekedwe a zikhoma zolimba kumbuyo kwa masamba, kuyanika kwa nsonga. | Mobwerezabwereza chithandizo ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza sopo yankho ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. |
Pindulani, kuvulaza
Zizindikiro ndi nthano zosiyanasiyana zimalumikizidwa ndi chilombo, dieffenbachia ndi zina za Aroid. Anthu okhulupirira zamatsenga amagwirizanitsa dzina lawo ndi chilombo, vampire. Mwa izi amafotokozera chifukwa chomwe sizingatheke kusungitsa nyumba panyumba.
Ku Latin America, mtengo wa kanjedza wotentha umadziwika kuti wakupha, chifukwa adapeza zotsalira za nyama komanso anthu adalowetsedwa ndi mitengo yake ndi mizu yake. Koma zowonadi, liana lidamera kudzera m'matupi omwe adafa kale, zowonongeka zidakanidwa.
Ngati m'nyumba muli nyama, mwachitsanzo, amphaka kapena agalu, ndiye kuti duwa limatha kukhala lingaliro pang'ono kwa iwo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya singano pamasamba. Ngati ilowa mucous membrane, kumverera pang'ono koyaka kumatha kuchitika, koma kumangopita kokha. Zachidziwikire, kwa mwana kapena munthu wamkulu nthawi zina, sayanjana ku mpesa ndikotheka, komanso kwa mbewu zina.
Ndiosafunika kusunga mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe m'chipinda chimodzi ndi chinjoka. Madzi a chomera amatha kuyambitsa kutuluka kwa mucous nembanemba ya mbalame.
Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti zokwawa zonse zimayimira kusungulumwa kapena ndizowononga mphamvu. Izi ndi zoyambira.
Duwa la mkati sili ndi poizoni komanso loopsa, limabweretsa zabwino zambiri:
- imakhala ndi phindu pa microclimate yamalo;
- imatenga mafunde a elekitiroma ndi ma fuluwenza owopsa;
- imayendetsa mlengalenga.
Amakhulupirira kuti liana limatha kusokoneza luntha la munthu, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Ma fashionistas amapanga manicure otentha okhala ndi masamba a monstera pa misomali. Chithunzi chake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula, vekete kuchokera masamba a mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
Liana sizivuta, koma simungathe kuziyika m'chipinda chogona, chifukwa usiku zithunzi za dzuwa zimachepetsa ndipo mpweya wambiri umalowa.
Monstera itha kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera kapena ku OLH. Mtengo kuchokera ku ruble 500 ndi zina zambiri. Mtengo wa kanjedza wotentha umapangitsa zipinda kukhala zofewa, zimapangitsa malo kukhala bata. Mupatseni chisamaliro chabwino ndikusangalala ndimadyerero olemera.
