Ambiri wamaluwa adzadabwa kuwerenga za lingaliro loti kubzala nkhaka. Komabe, kulima nkhaka m'matumba ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira malo osungira mabedi, komanso kukolola zipatso zabwino, zokoma. M'nkhaniyi muphunzira momwe mungamerekere nkhaka m'matumba, ndi dongosolo la kulima kwawo pang'onopang'ono.
Zochita ndi zoipa za njirayi
Kubzala nkhaka m'matumba kuli ndi ubwino wambiri. Zazikuluzi zikuphatikizapo:
- chokolola chachikulu;
- kupulumutsa malo m'munda;
- kumatha kulima masamba pa khonde, loggia, mu gallery;
- Ntchito yopulumutsa yosamalira zomera;
- yabwino yokolola;
- Zipatso sizikhudza pansi, choncho zimakhala zoyera ndipo sizowola.
Ngati kukula kwa chipinda kumaloleza, nkhaka ingabzalidwe m'mabotolo ngakhale m'nyumba komanso idakula chaka chonse. Chinthu chachikulu ndikupanga ndi kusunga nyengo yofunikira, kuwala ndi madzi.
Komabe, posankha njira yotereyi, iyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti ili ndi zovuta zina. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- vuto la kukhalabe wofunika kwa chinyezi;
- nyengo yotentha, kutentha kutentha kumatha kukhala m'mitsuko, kuchititsa kuti mizu ya mizu ife.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kutentha kwa akasinja, ndi bwino kugula matumba oyera.
Nkhaka Mbewu Kukonzekera
Kukula zomera zamphamvu ndikukwaniritsa msinkhu wa zokolola, mbewu zimayenera kukonzekera musanadzalemo. Izi zimadutsa muzigawo zingapo:
- kusankha mbewu;
- kutentha;
- kukonza;
- kuumitsa.
Mbewu yobzala amasankha zazikulu ndi zodzaza. Kuti musankhe mbewu yabwino, muyenera kuthira mbewu mumadzi kutentha kwa mphindi zisanu, kenako kwa mphindi 10-15, pangani njira yothetsera sodium chloride (50 g mchere pa lita imodzi ya madzi). Mbewu zomwe zimayandama, ziponye - ziribe kanthu ndipo sizikuyenera kubzala. Pambuyo pa njirayi, mbeu iyenera kuuma. Pachifukwachi, nyembazo zimaikidwa pa nsalu ya nsalu ndipo zimayikidwa dzuwa (samalani ndi dzuwa) kapena kufalikira pa sauvu ndikuyika batiri.Nkhuka zinkamenyana ndi matenda a fungal ndi tizilombo toononga, mbewu imayenera kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pochita izi, mbewu zimatenthedwa pa kutentha kwa 60 ° C kwa maola awiri. Kuwotcha kumawonjezera zokolola. Kenaka mbewu zimalangizidwa kuti ziyikeke kwa theka la ora mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate (10 g potaziyamu permanganate pa lita imodzi ya madzi). Pofuna kuteteza matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa TMTD (2 g wa mankhwala 500 g wa mbewu) kapena Granozan (1.5 g ya mankhwala a 500 g mbewu). Mbewu imayikidwa mu chidebe chatsekedwa, chodzaza ndi ufa, ndiye gwedeza chidebe kwa pafupi maminiti asanu. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, mbewu imatsukidwa ndi madzi ndi zouma.
Mukudziwa? Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo zokololazo, akatswiri ena amalangiza kuti pambuyo poti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayika mbeu mu njira yothetsera phulusa. Pofuna kukonza njirayi, m'pofunika kutsanulira supuni 2 ya phulusa ndi madzi amodzi ndikuumiriza maola 48. Mbewu ya maola angapo imayikidwa mu okonzeka kusakaniza, kenako youma. Njirayi ikukuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zambewu.
Kuti chomera chikhale cholimba kutentha kwambiri, zimalimbikitsidwa kuumitsa mbewu. Kuti achite izi, iwo amaikidwa pa nsalu yonyowa pokhala ndipo amachitikira kumeneko asanatuluke. Ngati nkhaniyo ikauma, imayenera kusungunuka pang'ono. Mbewu zingapo zitatembenuka, mbewu imayikidwa pa alumali pamwamba pa firiji tsiku, kenako amasunthira tsiku lina pansi pa alumali. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, mbewuzo zikhoza kubzalidwa.Ntchito yokonzekera musanafike
Musanaike nkhaka m'matumba, muyenera kukonzekera mfundo zofunika:
- matumba;
- timitengo ta garter;
- nthaka;
- ma tubes opangira ulimi wothirira.
Ndikofunikira! Sikovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito matumba apulasitiki ndi nsalu. Iwo adzatentha kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kwa chilimwe. Mzu wa nkhaka mu zotengerazo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Matumba abwino kwambiri a nkhaka kuti asankhe woyera, ali ndi mphamvu ya malita 50. Shuga ndi ufa wa ufa ndi zabwino. Kukonzekera kwa matumba okudzala ndikofunika kuyanika. Zikwangwani zingathenso kuthandizidwa ndi matenda a TMTD ophera tizilombo. Komabe, ngati matumbawa ndi atsopano, mukhoza kuchita popanda fungicides.
Zikopa m'tsogolomu zidzafunika kuti alters akukwera zomera. Ndibwino kuti muwakonzekere nthawi yomweyo, makamaka ngati chithandizocho chilowetsedwa mwachindunji m'thumba. Ngati mutamangiriza ndodo pambuyo pake, pali chiopsezo ku mizu ya nkhaka. Kutalika kwa chithandizo chiyenera kukhala kuchokera ku chimodzi ndi theka kufika mamita awiri. Ndodoyo imatha kuikidwa pansi pambali pa matumba.
Kenaka akutsatira kukonzekera kwa nthaka kwa kulima nkhaka. Nthaka yabwino - kusakaniza kwa nthaka kuchokera kumunda ndi peat ndi manyowa. Nthakayi imapuma bwino komanso imakhala ndi chinyezi, zomwe zimawathandiza kukula bwino ndi nkhaka za fruiting.
Mukhoza kuthirira zomera nthawi zonse, koma alimi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zodyetsera nkhaka m'matumba, amalimbikitsa kuthirira zomera ndi madontho. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kuvunda kwa mizu.
Mukudziwa? Pogwiritsira ntchito ulimi wothirira, mbeu yoyamba imabereka masabata angapo kuposa kale. Komanso, njirayi imachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a fungal ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Ndibwino kuti tiyambe kudziwa momwe malowa amatengera, kuti patapita nthawi zitsulo zisakokedwe kapena kuvulala ndi zomera. Thumba ndilo theka lodzazidwa ndi dothi, kenako kuthandizira ndodo kumaikidwa pakati. Mu nthaka pambali pa ndodo, muyenera kuika chubu ndi mabowo kuti amwetse madzi. Pambuyo pake, nthaka yadzaza mu chidebecho, kuziwaza ndi phulusa pamwamba (izi zimachepetsa nsabwe za m'masamba). Pofuna kuteteza dothi kuti lisatuluke, m'mphepete mwa matumbawa amapangidwa mbali, zomwe zingasindikizidwe ndi tepi.
Ndikofunikira! Tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika udzu kapena utuchi pansi pa thumba. Izi zidzakuthandizani kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zidzakupatsani zokolola zoyambirira.
Ndi bwino kukonzekera matumba okonzeka pafupi, kotero zidzakhala zomveka bwino kumangiriza. Kuwonjezera apo, ndalama zimasungidwa pa mapaipi chifukwa cha kuthirira madzi.
Kufesa Mbewu za Nkhaka
Zofesa zikuchitika pakati pa mwezi wa May, pamene mpweya kutentha ukufika osachepera 15 ° C. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe mungamerekere nkhaka, ndiye kuti mbeu zofesedwa siziyenera kubzala kuchokera pamwamba, komanso kumbali. Pamwamba pamwamba pake simunabzalidwe kuposa zidutswa zinayi. Zomwe zili kumbaliyi zinkachita mofanana pamtunda wa masentimita 7 mpaka 10 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Muzitsulo imodzi sichiyikidwapo kuposa mbewu ziwiri zazing'ono, kapena zazikulu imodzi. Pofuna kuteteza chinyezi, pamwamba pa thumbako mumakhala bwino kwambiri ndi filimuyo.
Kusamalira nkhaka m'matumba
Kubzala nkhaka ndi kusamalira iwo mu matumba sikufuna khama kwambiri. Mfundo yofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndi madzi okwanira. Ndi masamba omwe akukulawa ndi zovuta kupirira kufunikira kofunikira kwa madzi. Mofanana ndi zomera zina, nkhaka m'matumba amafunika garter. Garter sikuti imangotumikira zowonongeka, koma imakulolani kuti mupange ngakhale mizere yozungulira, yomwe ingathandize kwambiri zokolola.
Kusamba madzi
Nkhaka ayenera lonyowa nthaka. Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera. Nthaŵi yabwino kwambiri yotsatiridwa kwake ndi pambuyo pa zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi madzulo. Mitengoyi idzapindulanso ndi kupopera madzi kwa masamba.
Mukudziwa? Pofuna kuti zipatsozo zikhale bwino, omvera wamaluwa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa pang'ono kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira nkhaka. Zomera zitayamba kufota, kumwa madzi okwanira kumayambiranso.
Njira yabwino yothetsera madzi imayambira - kudzera m'machubu. Njirayi idzapangitsa nkhaka kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kwa kukula ndi fruiting, komanso kuteteza kuvunda kwa mizu. Mukamwetsa zomera ndi payipi kapena chidebe, muyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti musawononge nthaka. Pamwamba pake ikhoza kukhala yowuma, ndi mkati - mvula.
Feteleza
Dyetsani nkhaka ndi organic ndi mchere feteleza. Pakati pa manyowa a nkhuku, nkhuku yowakomera, uchi wothira ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Amafesa nthaka pamene mphukira yoyamba ikuwoneka, ndipo kamodzi pamwezi mutatha kuthirira.
Ndikofunikira! Zakudya zowonjezera siziyenera kuziyika kuti mizu isatenthedwe.
Pakati pa mchere feteleza, nkhaka ndi abwino superphosphates, potashi mchere. Mlingowo uyenera kutsatira mosamala malangizowo, mwinamwake zomera zingadwalitsidwe. Manyowa amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka katatu m'nyengo yachilimwe. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iwo amathira manyowa pamene amawoneka bwino ndi masamba angapo awiri oyang'ana pansi.
Kupanga chitsamba ndi garter ku chithandizo
Mbewuzo zikamakula ndi 20-25 masentimita ndi asanu enieni masamba amawoneka pa iwo, ndikofunikira kupanga chomera garter. Pali mitundu iwiri ya nkhaka zowonongeka: zowongoka ndi zopingasa.
Ndi galasi loyang'ana, mawonekedwe a mamita awiri amaikidwa pafupi ndi chitsamba chilichonse, ndipo chomeracho chimamangidwa ndi ndodo ndi zingwe. Mfundoyi imakhala pakati pa tsamba lachiwiri ndi lachitatu. Kenaka chingwe chimatsutsidwa pang'ono ndipo chimamangirizidwa ku chithandizo. Choncho, chitsamba chilichonse chidzathandizidwa. Njira iyi idzatenga nthawi yambiri ndi khama kuposa galasi losakanikirana. Komabe, ndizowonjezereka, komanso zimapangitsa kuti zomera zisamalire.
Ndikofunikira! Nsonga yomwe imayambira pa jeremusi sayenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri. Zomera zimakula ndipo zimayambira zimakhala zochepa. Choncho, nsonga yolimba ikhoza kuwononga nkhaka kapena kulepheretsa kukula kwawo.
Ngati padzakhala pansalu yosakanikirana, zothandizira matabwa kapena zitsulo zimayikidwa pambali zonse za mzerewu, pakati pa mizere iwiri ya mawaya kapena ulusi wamphamvu. M'tsogolomu, ziphuphu zidzamangirizidwa kuzinthu izi. Njira imeneyi ndi yosavuta kuposa yoyamba, ngakhale zili ndi zovuta zambiri:
- M'kupita kwa nthawi, ulusiwu unayamba kugwedezeka;
- ndi zovuta kuwerengera mphamvu zowonongeka pamene chitsamba chilichonse chimangirizidwa;
- kufika pamzere woyamba, nkhaka idzapiringa palimodzi, osafuna kukula mpaka pamwamba.
Mitundu yambiri yamtengo wapatali ya nkhaka imapanga maluwa okongola omwe amawomba pamtunda, pamene maluwa amamera pamphuno - maluwa osabereka. Choncho, asanayambe tchire m'pofunika kuchita pinching. Izi zidzakupatsani mpata wopezera zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi kukolola. Njirayi ikuphatikizidwa pamwamba pa tsinde loyamba pambuyo pa tsamba lachisanu ndi chimodzi.
Pambuyo poyikika, mbali zowonjezera ziyenera kumangirizidwa ndi ndodo kuti zisamthunzi mthunzi wina ndi mzake ndipo zisasokoneze mapangidwe, kukula kwa zipatso. Pachifukwa ichi, mphukira zambiri zimasiyidwa kupanga chitsamba. Izi zidzawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbeu. Njira yokonzekera tchire ikuchitika muzigawo izi:
- tsinde loyamba lomwe limangirizidwa ku chithandizo;
- Pambuyo poonekera mazira oyambirira pa zowonongeka, mphukira imamangirizidwa ku tsinde loyambira mothandizidwa ndi ndevu zake.
Ndikofunikira! Yesetsani kusunga mtunda wa masentimita osachepera 70 pakati pa tsinde lalikulu ndi zowonjezera kuti mphukira zisamawonongeke.
Chovala chotchinga chotchedwa masharubu pa kukula kwa chomera chiyenera kuchitidwa kangapo nthawi zambiri. Komanso, musaiwale kuchotsa masamba onse achikasu kapena owonongeka nthawi zonse.
Zizindikiro Zina za Kukolola Kwambiri
Kusamalira nkhaka m'matumba ndi osavuta. Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri, pali zinsinsi zina:
- musayese kubzala, mu thumba limodzi lokhala ndi mphamvu ya 50 l sayenera kubzalidwa mbeu zoposa 15;
- Pewani mphukira zowonjezera kuti muonjezere chiwerengero cha mbali, zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa okongola aakazi;
- Nthawi ndi nthawi chotsani masamba ochepetsetsa omwe amawoneka pansi pa ovary kuti asadulire maluwa ndipo asasokoneze pollination;
- Nthawi zingapo pa mwezi, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera nkhakayi ndi uchi wothetsera maluwa abwino ndi kuwonetsa mungu (supuni ya uchi ndi lita imodzi ya madzi);
- zokolola mu nthawi;
- Zomera feteleza ndi superphosphates ndi fetashi fetereza zimathandiza kusintha zokolola.
Mukudziwa? Nkhaka zimakonda mkaka. Kaŵiri pa mwezi kudyetsa zomera ndi njira yothetsera mkaka (1: 2) ikhoza kufulumira kukula kwawo ndi kuonjezera zokolola zawo.
Kukolola
Nkhaka mu matumba amabereka zipatso mofulumira kuposa omwe anabzala yotseguka pansi. Choncho, kusonkhanitsa kwawo kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zambiri. Zokolola ziyenera kukhala mosamala, zogwira ziwalo ndi dzanja limodzi, kuti zisamawononge zomera. Ndibwino kuti muzichita madzulo - pambuyo pa maola asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Nkhaka zomwe mukufuna kukula pa mbewu zimatsalira pa zimayambira mpaka chipatso chimasanduka chikasu.
Kukula nkhaka m'matumba sivuta. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro ndi kutsata boma la ulimi wothirira. Kukanikiza ndi kupanga mapepala kudzawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zokolola.
