M'msika wamakono wa mbewu za nkhaka, katundu wochuluka akuwonekera, omwe ndi zotsatira za zipatso za obereketsa amakono.
Aliyense amazoloŵera kulembedwa kwa mtundu wa "mitundu" kapena "wosakanizidwa." Koma pa zina zotere mungapeze mawu monga "Parthenocarpic hybrid", ndipo anthu samvetsa bwino lomwe mawuwa akutanthauza.
Kawirikawiri nkhaka zatsopanozi zimasokonezeka ndi lingaliro lodziwika bwino monga mitundu yodzichepetsera mungu. Koma pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya nkhaka chikhalidwe pali kusiyana kwakukulu.
Partenocarpic nkhaka ndi oimira mitundu kapena hybrids, zipatso zomwe zimapangidwa popanda pollination konse. Ndipo pakupanga nkhaka zokhala ndi mungu, izi zikuchitika.
Cholinga chachikulu cha mitundu yatsopanoyi ndi kulima nkhaka mu nyengo yotentha, ndiko kuti, kulibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zotsatirazi ndizo mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya nkhakayi.
Kalasi "Athena"
Zophatikiza. Pakati pa kukucha ndiko kucha kucha msanga, kuyambira nthawi yomwe mphukira yoyamba ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masiku 40 - 45.
Nkhaka mtundu wa chimanga. Zitsamba sizamphamvu kwambiri, zikhale ndi kukula kwakukulu, zopatsa, zomwe ndizo, zipatso zambiri zimapangidwa pa mphukira yapakati.
Masamba ndi ofiira kukula. Nkhuka zokhazo zimakhala zobiriwira, zimakhala zozungulira, zophimba ndi matope akuluakulu, pafupifupi 10 mpaka 12 cm m'litali.
Kukoma kwa chipatsocho ndi chokoma, chokoma, osati chakuwa. Amayendetsa bwino kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zinyama
Anadzionetsa yekha osati mawonekedwe atsopano, komanso mu zamzitini ndi kuzifota. Pali chitetezo chokwanira cha powdery mildew, cladosporia ndi peronosporosis.
Amapanga mafilimu obiriwira ndi magalasi pa nthawi yachisanu. Ndibwino kuyamba kumera izi zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mbande, kufesa mbewu zomwe zimayenera kubzala kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April.
Kukula mbande za nkhaka izi sizotsutsana ndi njira zofanana za mbewu zina. Kutentha kwake kwa mbande musanayambe kumera kudzakhala 25 ° С, pambuyo - + 15 ° С.
Ndikusowa nthawi zonse madzi ndi kudyetsa mbande, kotero kuti azilimbikitsidwa asanalowe pansi.
Chida chabwino chodzala chidzakhala 70-90x30 masentimita, koma nthawizina chodzala ndi chowopsa, chomwe chimapanga 2 - 3 mbande pa gawo limodzi. Musanadzalemo, mbande ziyenera kukhala masiku 22-25.
Njira zoyenera kuti ulimi ukhale bwino bwino nthawi zonse umathirira madzi otentha, makamaka madzulo. Zimalimbikitsanso kudyetsa tchire 2 - 3.
Wosakanizidwayu amatha kupirira kuunika kwakukulu, kotero usadandaule za mdima wa tchire. Komanso, tchire mosamala zimakhala ndi kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kusakwanira kwa mpweya.
Onetsetsani kuti mutulutse nthaka mutatha kuthirira, kuti mizu ipeze mpweya wambiri. Pa chomera chilichonse, muyenera kupanga tsinde limodzi, ndipo pamene mukusunga simungathe kuchotsa mbali zonse, koma musiyeni ochepa. Pankhaniyi, chirichonse chidzadalira momwe zomera zimakhalira.
Zosiyanasiyana "Ecole"
Oyambirira kucha kucha, amabala mu 42 - 45 masiku atatha mphukira, kornishonny mtundu.
Mitengo imakhala yaying'ono, yowonjezereka, imakhala yochepa, mtundu wa maluwa ndi "maluwa", ndiko kuti pali zipatso 4 - 5 mu mfundo imodzi. Zipatso zimakhala zowonongeka, ndi zochepa zazing'ono zoyera, zokongola zobiriwira, zokoma, zopweteka.
Mu zipatso zokhwima, kutalika kufika pa 6-9 masentimita, koma nkhaka yaying'ono 4-6 masentimita yaitali akhoza kukololedwa kwa pickles.
Zokolola zazikulu, pafupifupi 10-12 makilogalamu pa sq.m.
Zokwanira zowonongeka, monga kupyolera mkati kwa zamkati kumasungidwa. Zokonzeka kuikidwa mu zakudya zatsopano, ndipo chipatso chidzawoneka bwino mu mabanki. Sitikukhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew ndi matenda a cladosporia, koma tchire ndi zipatso zingakhudzidwe ndi kachilombo ka ma kakompyuta.
Zapangidwe kuti zikhale m'mabisala a mafilimu. Ndibwino kuti musabzale mbeu nthawi yomweyo, koma kukula mbande.
Mbeu ziyenera kuikidwa pakati pa March pamtunda wa 2.5 - 3 masentimita. Zomwe zimapangidwira mbande zazinthu zosiyanasiyana ndizochepa, palibe kusintha.
Kuwombera mbande kukhale kwakukulu, ndi 2 zomera pa 1 sq. M. pansi pa chiwembu 140x25 cm, kotero kuti tchire lonse likhale ndi malo okwanira. Ngati chodzala chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muphimbe mbande zosakwanira ndi zojambulazo kwa nthawi yochepa mpaka nthawi yomaliza ikamatha.
Zomera zimakhala zosasamala kwambiri mu chisamaliro, zomwe zimatha kupirira kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Zilipo kulekerera kwambiri maganizoChoncho, amachira msanga pambuyo pa matenda.
Sipadzakhalanso mavuto ena ndi kukanikiza, chifukwa mbali yomwe imachoka pambewu imakula bwino, ndipo nambala yawo si yaikulu kwambiri. Zidzakhala zokwanira nthawi zonse kuthirira tchire, kumasula nthaka yozungulira, komanso kudyetsa tchire ndi feteleza osiyanasiyana.
Kufunika kuteteza ndi kuchiritsa mankhwala a tchire ndi njira zothetsera fungicides, colloidal njira za sulfure, komanso mkuwa wa sulphate.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu ya Chinese nkhaka
Zosiyanasiyana "Barvin"
Zosakaniza za parthenocarpic wosakanizidwa. Zitsamba ndi mphamvu yofiira kukula, mtundu wopatsa, ndi mizu yotchuka kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwambiri, imayamba kubala chipatso mu 38 - masiku 40 pambuyo pa mphukira zoyamba.
Mpaka 3 maluwa amapangidwa mu mfundo imodzi. Zipatso zimakhala zobiriwira, zofiira, ndi zikuluzikulu zamatumba, zimakhala zozungulira, zimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 10-12 m'litali.
Mukumva kuwawa kopanda. Kukonzekera ndi kokwera kwambiri, ndi 1 sq. M. mutha kusonkhanitsa zipatso zokwana makilogalamu 20 mpaka 25. Mitengo imabereka zipatso yaitali komanso mofulumira. Chabwino amayendetsa kayendedwe. Zokwanira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'mawonekedwe atsopano komanso opangidwa ndi marinated kapena zamzitini.
Zitsamba ndi zipatso sizikhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew, cladosporiosis ndi downy mildew, koma peronosporosis ikhoza kuwononga kwambiri mbewu.
Zonse zimayamba ndi njira ya mmera. Mavuto akukula ndi ofanana, kutentha kwapakati, kuthirira madzi okwanira, komanso zakudya zina zoonjezera za mbande. Ikhoza kubzalidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko yomwe imakhalapo, yomwe imapanga 2 - 3 mbande pa gawo limodzi. Kubzala mbewu kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, kuika mu wowonjezera kutentha kumayenera kugwa kuyambira pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa May.
Mitsuko si makamaka whimsical, kotero kuti miyezo ya chisamaliro chawo idzakhala yokwanira. Kuyamwa nthawi zonse, zovala zochepa ndi kulima nthaka zidzakhala zokwanira kuti tchire chipange zipatso osati kufa.
Popanga tchire, si ana onse opeza akhoza kuchotsedwa, koma ndibwino kuchotsa masamba akulu kwambiri kuti zipatso zilandire dzuwa.
Pofuna kuteteza tchire kukhala ndi downy powdery mildew (peronosporosis), tchire tiyenera kuchitidwa katatu ndi ma fungicides monga Ridomil kapena Kuproksat. Komanso, chithandizochi chiyenera kuchitika pa zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa.
Sakani "Cupid"
Yoyamba wosakanizidwa, masiku 40-45 ndi okwanira kuchapa zipatso. Mitengo imakhala yamphamvu, mpaka 8 maonekedwe a zipatso mu mfundo imodzi.
Nkhuka zokha zimakhala zobiriwira zakuda, zowonongeka mozungulira, pamwamba pake zimaphimbidwa ndi minga yaing'ono. Kukoma kwa chipatso ndi chodabwitsa, osati chowawa, khungu la chipatso ndi lochepa.
Zipatso sizimasanduka chikasu, musawonongeke panthawi yopitako, ngakhale kuti khungu ndi lochepa kwambiri.
Kulima ndi kotsika kwambiri, pafupifupi, makilogalamu 25 mpaka 28 a chitsamba akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pamtunda umodzi wa bedi, koma mosamala komanso malo abwino a chilengedwe, zokolola zimakula kufika pa makilogalamu 45 mpaka 50 pa mita imodzi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi powdery mildew ndi kubweranso.
Mukhoza kukula tchire popanda mbande, koma mbande yokonzedweratu imayambira bwino.
Kufesa mbewu kuyenera kuchitidwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, kotero kuti mbande zikhale ndi nthawi yokwanira yokula panthawi yomwe imafalikira pansi. Mbande ziyenera kukhala zaka 35 mpaka 40 zisanadze.
Zomwe zimachitikira mbande zimakula. Ndondomeko yobzala ndiyenso, mbande zitatu zimatha kuponyera pamtunda umodzi. chiwembu cha mita. Mwamsanga mutabzala achinyamata baka akhoza madzi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yoipa, nthawi zambiri imakhalabe yotentha komanso imakhala yochepa.
Palibe zomwe zili mu chisamaliro chotero; njira zonse ziyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zochitikazo. Nthawi zonse kuthirira, 2-3 nthawi tchire ayenera kudyetsa. Kutsegula nthaka ndikofunikira kuti palibe mafinya owuma omwe amawonekera pamtunda, mwinamwake mizu ya zomera idzasowa mpweya wabwino.
Mukhozanso kumangiriza tchire pang'ono pothandizira kangapo kuti pakhale zokolola.
Mitundu Yambiri "Wojambula"
Yoyamba wosakanizidwa, zipatso zowonongeka zimadza masiku 40 mpaka 42 mutatha mphukira za mmera. Mitengo ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, yamphamvu, ndi mizu yabwino kwambiri.
Mu chipatso chimodzi cha nambala 6 mpaka 8 amapangidwa. Zipatso za mawonekedwe a yunifolomu, zobiriwira, zobiriwira, ndi zinyama zazikulu, zing'onozing'ono (masentimita 8 mpaka 10, kutalika kwake kufika 90-95 g).
Nkhaka sizimatembenukira chikasu ngakhale pabedi, kapena zitachotsedwa kuchoka ku tchire. Zipatso mosavuta zimapulumuka kayendetsedwe kaulendo, sizingathetsedwe kwa nthawi yaitali. Mitundu yosiyana siyi ya makasitomala, komanso imakhudzidwa ndi malo a azitona ndi powdery mildew.
Zokololazo ndi zapamwamba ndipo zimakhala makilogalamu 20-25 pamtunda umodzi wa malo.
Mbande zimayenera kuyala pakati pa March.
Mavuto a mbande ayenera kukhala omasuka kwambiri, kotero kuti mbeu zizitha kumera bwino komanso mwamsanga. Pofulumizitsa kutuluka kwa mbande, matanki ambewu amafunikira kuphimba ndi pulasitiki kupanga padera makamaka microclimate.
Kumwa madzi ndi feteleza mbande zikhale nthawi zonse. Zimalangizanso kusinthasintha nthawi zonse kutentha, kuti mbandezo zikhale bwino komanso mwamsanga muzuke pansi. Nkhuka izi zikhoza kukula monse mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kunja. Koma mmalo mwa nthaka yosaphimbidwa, mbande zimatetezedwa bwino ndi pulasitiki kotero kuti, mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira kwakukulu kwa mphepo sizingayambitse mavuto osakanikirana kwa mbande.
Maphunzirowa ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri pochoka, adzatha kulimbana ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi, kutentha kwakukulu, kuchulukirapo kapena kusowa kwauni. Sikoyenera kukonza zosokoneza mu ulimi wothirira, kuti mbewuyo isadwale. 2 - 3 kuthira feteleza ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana za feteleza kumapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi ubwino komanso kukoma kwa nkhaka.
Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalandiridwa.
Zosiyanasiyana "Crispina"
Zophatikiza. Bwererani mofulumira, kwenikweni mu 35 - 40 masiku. Mitengo ndi yamphamvu, yofiira leafy. Masamba ndi osakaniza, obiriwira.
Zipatso ndizitsulo, zomwe zimakhala ndi mazira ambiri, pamtundu, pakhungu pali mikwingwirima yowala.
Nkhaka ndi zazikulu, zolemera kufika 100 - 120 g, 10 - 12 cm m'litali. Kupanga ndi kokwera, 6 - 7 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi imodzi. Kukoma ndibwino kwambiri, popanda kuwawa, khungu ndi lochepa kwambiri.
Zipatso sizimapweteketsa pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka zakudya, zimakhala zabwino, zophika kapena zamzitini. Powdery mildew, downy mildew ndi ma kakompyuta amaoneka kuti sangathe kuwononga mbewu.
Zimatengera mizu yabwino kwambiri mu greenhouses. Pa siteji ya mbande zomwe zimakula palibe zoperekera zapadera kuchokera muzolowera. Zokwanira kuphimba mbewuzo ndi polyethylene, sungani kutentha, komanso nthawi zonse madzi ndi kudyetsa mbande kuti zikhale bwino komanso zidzamera. Kuwombera pansi kumayenera kuchitika pamene nthaka yayamba kale kutenthetsa.
Mukamabzala, mukhoza kuyika mbande ziwiri - 3 pa 1 sq.m.
Mitundu ya zitsamba sizitha kukhala ndi chinyezi, choncho palibe kusintha kwapadera mu ndondomeko ya chisamaliro.
Timafunikira mankhwala ochiza matenda, kumwa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse komanso mbali zina zosamalira nkhaka. Mphukira za zomera za zosiyanasiyanazi zingamangirizane ndi trellis, koma tchire lidzakhalabe chipatso popanda njirayi.
Partenocarpic nkhaka mitundu ndi yabwino kwa iwo wamaluwa omwe amayamikira zokolola ndi khalidwe la ndiwo zamasamba, tchire zomwe sizikusowa ntchito ndi kudzichepetsa.
