Pakati pa wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa, okra amavomereza kuti ndi chinthu chosasangalatsa, koma posachedwapa amapeza kutchuka. Kawirikawiri, izi zinakhudzidwa ndi kukoma kokoma kwa masamba komanso mwayi wogwiritsira ntchito zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Okra anawonekera ku Africa, komanso m'mayiko akumwera, kumene kulima kwake kunayamba zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo, amadziwika ndi mayina ena - masamba a hibiscus, bhindi, okra, gombo.
Kodi okra ndi chikhalidwe chanji?
Okra ndi chomera cha pachaka cha banja la Malvaceae. Mu "ubale" wapafupi ndi thonje ndi munda mallow. Monga mamembala ambiri a m'banja lino, okra ndi chomera chachikulu.
Mitengo yamitengo siimakula kuposa masentimita 40 m'litali, ndipo imakula makamaka pamakongoletsera. Kuti mbewuyo ikhale yobiriwira, zomera zimakula kufika mamita awiri.
Okra monga masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakudya. Mu chakudya ndi zipatso zazing'ono. Izi ndizomwe zimakhala zobiriwira zobiriwira zomwe zimakhala kukula kuyambira 5 mpaka 25 masentimita, zofanana ndi tsabola wobiriwira. Zipatso zimakula mofulumira, ndipo ngati sizikololedwa ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, ndiye kuti zimakula, zimataya mtundu, kukoma ndi makhalidwe abwino.
Zipatso zimaloledwa kubzala, makamaka kubzala mbewu zomwe zimabzala. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu mankhwala ndi cosmetology kupeza chofunikira chamalowe m'malo mwa mafuta ndi khofi. Mbeu yachinyamata imatha kudya m'malo mwa nandolo zobiriwira.
Okra amakonda kwambiri chinyezi, koma salola kulemba madzi ndi salinization za nthaka. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi nthawi yochepa, koma imachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa mbeu.
Okra ndi chikhalidwe chokonda kutentha, m'mbali iyi pafupi kwambiri ndi biringanya. Kumera kwa mbewu kumachitika kutentha kosachepera 16 ° C, ndipo momwe zimakhalira kuti chilengedwe chikhale cholimba ndi chitukuko cha 24-25 ° C. Ngati kutentha kukugwa pansi pa 16 ° C, chitukuko cha okra chachedwa. Mphepo zimakhudza chikhalidwe m'njira yowononga.
Ndikofunika-kofunika ndikuyankhira bwino kuthirira ndi kudyetsa. Ngati nyengo yozizira imatulutsidwa, ndiye popanda kuphimba ndi filimu yomwe simungakwanitse kukolola.
Okra imakula pa dothi lonse. Silingalekerere dothi losauka ndi losawonongeka bwino, moyenera kuwala ndi lolemera mu zinthu zakuthupi. Mitundu yambiri imamera ndi tsiku lalifupi lowala.
Kuyambira kwa maluwa ikhoza kuchitika ngakhale kumayambiriro koyamba kukula, ngakhale pamene maola a masana amatha kuchepera maola 11. Ndizitali pansi, maluwa amatha kubwezera. Nthawi yokula imakhala miyezi 3-4.
Okra ndi yopindulitsa komanso yathanzi kwambiri kuti chomera ichi chimatchedwa "zowawa za zamasamba". Zipatso zake zili ndi chitsulo, calcium ndi potaziyamu, mapuloteni, mavitamini C, B6, K, A, zakudya zamagetsi, ndi zonsezi, zokha 31 kcal.
Mitundu yopindulitsa ya okra iliponse pamtundu wa zokondweretsa zokha. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mudye masamba awa pamalo, chifukwa muli ndi kuchuluka kwa folic acid. Zimakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a neural tube ya embryo pa mimba yoyambirira.
Okra ndiwongolera zachilengedwe zamagazi a shuga. Chomera chake chomera ndi zakudya zowonjezera zimakhudzidwa m'matumbo aang'ono. Amalimbikitsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mbale ndi okra kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la m'mimba.
Posachedwapa, akatswiri ambiri ochita zowonjezera akhala akusangalala ndi kuti chomera ngati okra ndi chinthu chabwino cholemetsa chimene sichivulaza thanzi.
Ichi ndiwothandizira kwambiri polimbana ndi kuvutika maganizo, kutopa kwachilendo komanso ngakhale mphumu yakufa. Zokwanira chifukwa cha zakudya za odwala matenda a atherosclerosis, ndipo amalimbitsa makoma a ziwiya zazing'ono.
Okra amachotsa mafuta ambiri m'thupi ndi poizoni kuchokera m'thupi. Zili ndi zotsatira zothandizira kuchiza zilonda za m'mimba. Asayansi akufufuza mobwerezabwereza kuti adziwe chomwe china chofunika kwambiri.
Zinaoneka kuti zikhoza kulepheretsa kuchitika kwa khansa yosaoneka bwino komanso maonekedwe a nthendayi. Mbewu imathandizanso ngati dokotala wabwino wa zofooka za kugonana amuna.
Mukudziwa? Ma pods "azimayi" ali ndi mavitamini ambiri komanso zinthu zowonjezera, komanso 6% shuga ndi 2% mapuloteni.
Kukula okra kuchokera ku mbewu kudzera mu mbande
Ngati munakhala ndi chidwi ndi chomera, ndiye kuti kulima kwa mbewu yovuta kwambiri ku mbewu sikumakhala kovuta, koma kumakhala ndi zovuta zina.
Nthawi yofesa mbewu za mbande
Kudziwa nthawi yeniyeni yobzala okra ndi zovuta. Kawirikawiri imachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pamene nthaka yayamba kale kutenthedwa, koma pakatikati pamsewu kuyambira kwa sitejiyi kuli blurry.
Zomwe anakumana nazo wamaluwa amalima chomera mbande kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Panthawiyi, nthaka iyenera kukhala yotenthedwa bwino. Kuyala mbande za okra zomwe zinachitika mwezi wa April.
Kuchiza mbewu asanabzalidwe
Amadziwika ndi kuchepa kumera mbeu - pafupi masabata atatu. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbeu musanayambe kufesa mumayenera kuwathira tsiku limodzi m'madzi ofunda.
Mphamvu ya kukula mbande
Kubzala okra kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande, peat potseni kapena makapu osatayika ndi oyenerera kwambiri monga chofunika kwambiri cha bajeti. Mphamvu zoterezi zimatengedwa chifukwa cha mizu yaitali ya okra.
Izi zidzakutetezani mtsogolomu pamene kukuthandizira mbande kumalo otseguka. Pa chomera chilichonse, muyenera kusankha poto mmodzi. Mbeu zowonongeka zimakhala ndi phindu lopulumuka, chifukwa panthawi yoikapo pali kuwonongeka kwakukulu kuzu wa tsinde, ndipo izi zimalepheretsa kukula kwa okra.
Dothi la mbande
Kusakaniza kwa dothi kwa mbewu ya okra kumafunika kuwala ndi chonde. Zimayenera kusakanizidwa ndi mineral feteleza ndi humus.
Kuzama kwa Mbewu
Bzalani mbewu akuya masentimita 3-4.
Zomwe zimayambira kumera ndi kusamalira mbewu
Mbewu za okra zitabzalidwa, ziyenera kuthiriridwa mofatsa kotero kuti chigawo chapamwamba cha dziko lapansi sichikupanga kutsetsereka, ndi kuti mbewuyo siifa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Pambuyo masiku 15-20, mphukira zoyamba za okra ziwonekera.
Kuti iwo awutse pa nthawiyi, nkofunikira kuwasunga iwo kutentha kwa 15 ° C Ngati kutentha kuli kochepa, mbeu idzamera pang'onopang'ono ndipo idzakhala yofooka. Iyi ndi sitepe yofunikira kwambiri yomwe okra imafunikira kusamalidwa bwino.
Kusamalira mmera
Mbeu zikadzera, mbande ziyenera kudyetsedwa feteleza wa phosphate. Mukhoza kupereka nitrophoska pamtunda wa supuni imodzi pa 5 malita a madzi. Ngakhale kuti okra ikupitiriza kukula, imayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Mukudziwa? Mbewu yokhwima yokhwima imakoledwa m'njira yoti mukonzekere zakumwa zobiriwira zomwe zimakonda khofi.
Kubzala mbande zokhala pa malo osatha
Pambuyo pa mbande imalimbikitsidwa kwambiri, imatha kuikidwa pamalo otseguka.
Nthawi yobzala mbande
Popeza chomera ndi chomera cha thermophilic, kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka kumachitika kokha ngati kutenthedwa, makamaka pamene chiwopsezo cha chisanu cha masika chichotsedwa.
Kusankha malo ndi okonzeratu abwino
Okra, kapena, monga momwe imatchulidwanso pakati pa anthu athu, "azimayi aakazi" ndi chomera chokonda kwambiri, chotero, m'pofunika kudzala mbande m'malo otentha.
Dothi lodzala liyenera kukhala lachonde kwambiri komanso lolemera mu feteleza mchere. Dothi lokongola la okra ndilopota ndipo limapindula ndi humus. Choposa zonse, chimakula m'mabedi komwe nkhaka, radishes ndi mbatata zinkabzalidwa.
Kubzala mbande
Kumbukirani kuti okra sakonda zolepheretsa, choncho muyenera kulima monga momwe zingathere pakati pawo. Mtunda wa pakati pa mbande ukhale woposa 30 masentimita, ndi pakati pa mizere mkati mwa 50 cm.
Kusamalira ndi kulima ndiwo zamasamba
Momwe mungamerezerere okra panja kuti mupereke chisamaliro choyenera komanso choyenera, tidzanena zambiri.
Kuthirira, kuthirira mmimba ndi kumasula pakati pa mizere
Okre amafunika kuthirira moyenera. Kuwonjezera apo, kapena kuti nthaka youma imakhudza kukula ndi kukula kwa zomera zazing'ono. Okra ali ndi mizu yaitali, choncho nthaka iyenera kusungunuka bwino mpaka masentimita 40.
Ngakhale kulimbikitsana kwa chilala, pa masiku otentha a chilimwe amafunika kuthiriridwa mochulukira kwambiri. Koma kumbukirani kuti kuchuluka kwa chinyezi pansi sikuvomerezanso.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati "azimayi" akukula mu malo otentha, ndiye kuti chipinda chiyenera kuwonetsedwa nthawi zonse. Izi zidzathetsa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi.Pa nyengo yokula, penyani makra. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzipanga zowonjezerapo, kumasula maulendo ndi udzu panthawi yake. Izi ndizimene zikuluzikulu za kukula ndi khalidwe la okra zidzadalira.
Kuti mbeuyo ikhale yowonjezereka, ndipo mphukira zowonjezera zimakula kwambiri, muyenera kuyika phesi la apical pamene imatha kufika masentimita 40. Pamene okra imakula mokwanira, muyenera kumanga chithandizo. Pamene akukula kwa okra kumanga chithandizo.
Mukudziwa? Kukoma kwa okra kukufanana ndi nyemba za zukini ndi zobiriwira.
Feteleza
Kudyetsa "zala zazimayi" ziyenera kuphatikizapo feteleza zamchere. Chiwerengero ndi ichi: Masipuni awiri pa 10 malita a madzi. M'nthaŵi yachonde, potaziyamu nitrate imayambira muyezo womwewo.
Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo
Mame a Mealy Mtundu wobiriwira woyera umaphimba masamba a okra mbali zonse, pang'onopang'ono akusamukira kumalo ena a zomera. Matendawa amachepetsa kuthekera kwa photosynthesis, chifukwa cha masamba omwe amauma, fruiting imasokonezeka, ndipo chifukwa chake, ngati sichimachiritsidwa, imamwalira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira pamasamba a zomera.
Mayendedwe: Zotsalira zamasamba ziyenera kuchotsedwa mwapanthaŵi yake ndikuyikidwa mu kompositi yapadera, komanso kusinthanitsa bwino mbewu. Chinthu chotsatira ndichoti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo ngati okra ikukula mu wowonjezera kutentha, yesetsani kuchita momwemo. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yobiriwira, wowonjezera kutentha amafunikanso kufufuzidwa ndi sulufule tsiku limodzi pamtunda wa 30 g / m3. Makomo ndi mazenera ayenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi kusindikizidwa.
Muzitetezera, musanafesa, mbewu za okra ziyenera kulowetsedwa mu njira ya Fitosporin M (1.5-2 g pa 1 l madzi). N'zotheka pa kukula kwa nyengo kuti apange kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi "Kumulos", "Tiovit Jet" (2-3 g / l madzi), imvi yamchere (4 g / l), ndi omaliza kupopera mankhwala tsiku limodzi musanakolole ndi Topaz (2 ml / l madzi) kapena "Integral" (5 ml / l).
Ngati matendawa akupita patsogolo kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndondomekoyo iyenera kubwerezedwa patsiku la masiku asanu ndi awiri, koma osaposa kasanu. Kupopera mbewu kotsiriza pa nkhaniyi kwachitika masiku atatu asanakolole. Yesetsani kuchotsa namsongole omwe amamera pafupi ndi okra, popeza ali oyamba kukhala ndi matenda a powdery mildew ndipo amanyamula matendawa ku mbewu za zipatso.
Brown malo zimakhudza mafuta, zimakula mu nyengo zobiriwira, ngati zimanyowa kwambiri. Mbali yam'mwamba ya masamba imakhala ndi mawanga achikasu, ndipo maluwa otsika omwe amakhala pansi amakhala otsika. Mbewu yovuta kwambiri komanso yosasamalidwa, masamba amauma. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambanso kupitirira pazitsulo za okra.
Mayendedwe: Musalole kukula kwanthawi yaitali kwa okra pamalo amodzi, yesetsani kusinthanitsa ndi otsogolera oyenerera. Chitani chotsitsa cha greenhouses ndi sulufule dioxide m'dzinja. Sungani chinyezi mu wowonjezera kutentha mkati mwa 75% mwa kuwongolera mwadongosolo.
Mukawona zizindikiro zoyamba za bulauni, perekani sinamoni decoction (200 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre) kapena adyo cloves kulowetsedwa (15 g pa 1 l). Pofuna kusunga njira zothetsera mavitamini a zomera ndikuthawa, onjezerani sopo kwa iwo.
Kupuma - tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira muzitsamba zamasamba pansi. Masamba a okra ochokera kumapanga awo amakhala ndi mawanga achikasu, kenaka amawasakaniza ndi owuma.
Mayendedwe:
Chotsani zatsalira kumapeto kwa autumn ndipo muzisunga bwino greenhouses. Ngati mankhwalawa atuluka, gwiritsani ntchito infusions ndi decoctions za mbeu zosazinga: nyemba za mpiru - 10 g / l, tsabola wowawasa - 50 g / l, yarrow - 80 g / l, pepala la citrus - 100 g / l, 500 g / l l Pofuna kuthetsa yankho pa zomera nthawi yayitali, yikani sopo m'madzi pamlingo wa 40 g / 10 l.
Pa nyengo yokula, mukhoza kumwa mankhwalawa: "Spark-bio" (10 ml / l) ndi "Inta C-M" ndi nthawi ya masiku 15. Katemera wotsiriza ayenera kuchitika masiku atatu asanakolole.
Kabichi - usiku wa gulugufe ndi mapiko a mapiko a 5 cm. Ali ndi mtundu wosiyana: kuchokera kubiriwira mpaka bulauni-bulauni. Mbozi ndi zazikulu, zobiriwira ndi mzere wofiirira kwambiri kumbali. Iwo amawoneka mu Meyi ndipo ali ndi njala kwambiri. Amadula masamba onse, kusiya mitsempha yokha.
Mayendedwe:
Zotsalira zamasamba ziyenera kuchotsedwa panthaŵi yake ndikuyika mu kompositi yapadera yokonzekera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mukhoza kufesa pafupi ndi zomera zomwe zimakopa adani kabichi mafosholo.
Monga njira yotetezera, m'dzinja muyenera kukumba pansi kwambiri ndi kusaiwala za sayansi yaulimi ya kulima. Ngati njirayi ndi yochepa, ikhonza kusonkhanitsidwa ndi manja ndikuwonongedwa. Ngati pali zambiri, ndiye kuti ayenera kuyang'ana "Bitoxibacillin" kapena "Lepidocide" pa mlingo wa 50 g pa 10 l madzi.
Slugs kuwononga okra achinyamata, makamaka nthawi zapamwamba. Amadya masamba ndi mazira ora, amasiya zizindikiro. Kuwonjezera apo, slugs ndiwonso ogwira bulauni malo ndi downy mildew. Mayendedwe: Muziyeretsa nthawi zonse pakati pa mizere ndikukhala ndi nthaka, ndikupangitsani kuti mukhale ndi malo abwino. Fukuta ndi mzere wa phulusa, superphosphate kapena laimu.
Ikani malo okhalapo okra, ndi zofukiza zakudya monga mowa. Kumeneko ndipo adzakwawa slugs. Kutulutsa okra ndi 10% yothetsera ammonia ndikuwaza mankhwala "Meta" pamtingo wa 30-40 g / m2.
Mukudziwa? Okra amabwezeretsanso thupi litatha pambuyo pa ntchito kapena matenda.
Kukolola
Mitundu ina ya okra ikhoza kubereka zipatso mkati mwa miyezi ingapo mutabzala. Amakololedwa kukula pamene kutalika kwake sikudutsa 9 cm.
Kawirikawiri nyemba zazikuluzikulu zimakhala zowonongeka komanso zowonjezereka, koma ndi njira zoyenera zaulimi komanso zinthu zolimbitsa bwino zomwe zingakhale zabwino komanso zokoma. Mukhoza kuyang'ana "zala zazimayi" kuti zitha kuchitidwa bwino pochotsa mapeto a pod. Pa zipatso zabwino kwambiri, izi sizigwira ntchito.
Ndikofunikira! Pa okra pamakhala tsitsi laling'ono lomwe limakhumudwitsa khungu nthawi yokolola. Gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi kapena magolovesi odalirika.Pods bwino kusonkhanitsa masiku atatu onse. Zipatso zokoma kwambiri zomwe zinangokhalapo.
Okra ikhoza kubereka zipatso mpaka isanayambike kuzizira. Pofuna kupeza nyemba zochepa, pitani mpaka mutseke. Musataye zipatso nthawi yaitali. Ndibwino kuti muwakonzekere mwamsanga.
Pakapita nthawi, amasiya kulawa kwawo, amakhala amtundu wambiri. Mufiriji, okra ikhoza kusungidwa kwa masiku 6, komanso mufiriji kwa miyezi ingapo.
