Malonda a Peyala: Ma Duches Osasangalatsa

Ngati mupempha munthu wokhala m'dziko lotentha kuti atchule zipatso zilizonse, ndiye poyankha, mwina, mudzamva "apulo" kapena "peyala". Ndipo nzosadabwitsa, chifukwa zipatsozi zimatsagana ndi anthu kuchokera nthawi ya prehistoric. Ponena za mapeyala, Agiriki akale, mwina, anayamba kuwalima zaka mazana ena khumi nthawi yathu ino isanakwane. Ntchito yosankha zaka zambiri yapatsa anthu zipatso zambiri zamtunduwu. Chomwe chimadabwitsanso kwambiri ndikuchokera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndipo nthawi zonse imawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri. Awa ndi ma Duchess otchuka.

Mbiri ndi Kufotokozera kwa Mitundu Ya Duchess Ngale

Zaka zachitatu zimakondweretsa ma Duchess osiyanasiyana olima ndi okonda ngale. Adawonetsedwa mu 1796 ndi Wheeler - woweta aku UK (Berkshire). Dzinali lingamasuliridwe kuti "Duchess". Tsopano m'minda ya anthu ndi minda yonse padziko lonse lapansi mutha kupeza mitengo yamitundu mitundu, koma yonseyi ndi yolumikizidwa ndizofunikira za chipatsocho - kukoma kwapadera, kununkhira kopambana ndi kukoma mtima kwambiri.

Ndiosavuta kukula ma Duchess. Ngati alandila dzuwa ndi kutentha kokwanira, natetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu, adzapatsa nyakulayo zipatso zabwino.

Dzina la peo la duchess limatanthauzira ngati "Duchess"

Khwangwala yekhayo: peyalayo imayenera kucha kumtengowo. Ikaweruzidwa nthawi isanakwane, idzataya kukoma kwake ndikulephera kununkhira kwake, ndipo sikungatheke kuyisungira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana Ya Duchess

Ziphuphu, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Wheeler, zimakhazikika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti; imatchedwa chilimwe. Pambuyo pake ku Belgium, osiyanasiyana okhwima koyambilira kwa Okutobala adawonetsedwa. Amatchedwa Duchess nthawi yachisanu. Palinso mitundu ina ya mitundu.

Mutha kusankha zabwino zokhazokha podziwa nyengo zomwe msungwanayo ali nazo:

• nyengo yam'mderali komanso nyengo yotentha;
• kupezeka kwa malo aulere pamalopo;
• kukhalapo kwa mitundu yoyendetsa mungu;
• Kuwonetsedwa kwa dzuwa pamalowo pobzala mitengo yomwe akufuna;
• kuthekera kwa Duchess kupindika mitengo ina m'mundamo ndi zina.

Duchess chilimwe

Mtengo wa peyala zamtunduwu umakula mpaka 4 m kutalika. Imasunthidwa kwathunthu kumtunda, ili ndi korona wozungulira ngati piramidi yotambalala, singatenge kachilombo, koma imatha kuukira ndi nthula kapena nsabwe za m'masamba. Osati bwino kwambiri, mtengowo umalolera chilala ndi chisanu. Atabzala mmera m'malo okhazikika, a Duchesse amapereka mbewu yoyamba yachisanu kapena chisanu ndi chimodzi.

Duwa ladzuwa limayamba kubala zipatso mchaka cha 5-6 mutabzala

Mitengo imaphuka mochedwa. Ma inflorescence ali ndi masamba 6-7, omwe amapulumuka bwino kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, koma sadzipukuta okha. Ngale za mitundu monga:

• Makonda a Kappa;
• Kukongola kwa nkhalango;
• Williams Bon-Chretien;
• Bere Bosk.

Thumba losunga mazira a Duchess chilimwe amalumikizidwa m'mitolo yazinthu zitatu. Zikakhwima, mapeyala akuluakulu amapitilira mpaka 180 g. Pa nthawi yakucha kwaukadaulo, mapeyala amakhala ndi khungu labwinobwino khungu, lomwe limasintha pang'ono chikasu, timiyala tofiirira. Pulogalamu yamkati yotsekemera komanso yowoneka bwino yopanda matamba olimba imakhala ndi zonona komanso fungo la nati. Pakati pa misole yotsekemera, zipatso zam'mapichesi a chilimwe zimawonedwa ngati zabwino kwambiri kulawa.

Mtengo wazaka makumi atatu ukhoza kubala makilogalamu 260, chomwe ndi chisonyezo chapamwamba. Chimodzi mwamaubwino amasulo amtundu wa chilimwe cha Duchess kwa olima ndikuti zipatsozo zimagwira bwino panthambi mpaka zimacha kwathunthu. Kukolola pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.

Mapeyala ochotsedwa mumtengo kutentha firiji amatha kusungidwa kwa milungu iwiri, ndipo pa + 1 ... + 5ºº zipatso sizidzataya kukoma kwawo kosanunkhira komanso kununkhira kwapadera ngakhale mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Mapeyala a chilimwe a duchesse amatha kukonzedwa ndikuthira misuzi, kusunga, kupanikizana, ndi zamzitini. Sawopa kuyendetsa mayendedwe mtunda wawutali.

Gome: Zabwino ndi zowawa za mitundu ya chirimwe

Duchess nthawi yachisanu

Mitengo yayitali ya Duchess yosiyanasiyana nyengo yozizira imafanana ndi piramidi. Sizikakamiza nthaka, koma kuunika ndi kutentha kuyenera kupezeka kwa iwo momwe zingathere. Adzangobala zipatso zabwino mchaka cha chisanu ndi chiwiri kapena chisanu ndi chitatu kuyambira nthawi yomwe anagonekedwa m'mundamo. Koma mtengo wachikulire ukhoza kupatsa eni ake mphatso yolemera mpaka 100 kg.

Duchess yozizira ndi mtengo wobala zipatso kwambiri

Maluwa a peyalayi samasanjidwa ndi mtundu wawo ndipo sangakhale osabereka pokhapokha ngati mungu wobzalidwa utakhomera pena:

• Kukongola kwa nkhalango;
• Williams
• Olivier de Serre;
• Bere Ardanpon.

Mapeyala a duchesse ndi nthawi yayikulu yozizira, yolemera mpaka 350-400 g, ndipo ngati mtengowo udadzaza ndi zipatso, atha kupeza 600 g. Zipatso zakupsa zimatenga mtundu wa mandimu achikasu ndi masaya okongola a pinki.

Mwakutero, mapeyala akhwima ndi oyera, zamkati ndi zophika. Kukoma kwa uchi ndi wowoneka bwino wowonda kumayendera limodzi ndi kununkhira kwa peyala. Mphamvu yonkira ndi kununkhira imawululidwa kokha mu zipatso zakupsa pamtengo. Mukazisonkhanitsa panthambi yolakwika, zokongola zonse zamtunduwu zimatayika. Malichi a Zima amachotsedwa pamtengo nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Okutobala, masamba akagwa. Vuto ndiloti mapeyala samamatira ku nthambi ndipo amatha kubowoka mphepo ndi mvula.

Zokolola panthawi yosungirako sizimataya zokongola zake kufikira kumapeto kwa chaka. Ngati mungachiyike m'chipinda chapansi kapena pansi panu, ndiye kuti mumatha kudya mapeyala mpaka Meyi chaka chamawa.

Gome: zabwino ndi zoyipa zamitundu yozizira za Duchess

Mapeyala a gulu la misi

Wamaluwa omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa Mediterranean, mosafananira ndi anthu akumwera amakonda a Duchess. Tsopano pali mitundu yambiri yolimba yozizira yomwe imaberekedwa kuti izilimidwa kumadera komwe kumazizira kwambiri:

• Duchess Moscow chilombo;
• Duchess Moscow Munda;
• Ma Duchess Angouleme.

Nkukhonya kwachilewa

Mitengo yamitundu imeneyi imasangalala kwambiri ku Caucasus ndi Belarus, ku Central Asia ndi Ukraine, ku Europe ku Russia. Amakula mpaka pansi pa 20 m ndipo amakhala ndi zaka 8. Osati chaka chilichonse, koma pakatha masika amodzi, mapeyalawo amakutidwa ndi masamba a maluwa oyera oyera. Mwa zipatso izi, zazikuluzikulu zosiyanasiyana zimamera pachilimwe - kuchokera pa 0,15 mpaka 0,4 kg, koma zokolola zomwe zimatengedwa pamtengo wazaka 30 zakubadwa zimatha kufika 2,5 c. Mumtunduwu, ndizosadabwitsa kuti mapeyala omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu amakhala ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimaberekedwa.

Duchess Moscow zakutchire ndizosasamala, kusamalira ndizosiyana ndi kusamalira mapeyala a mitundu ina.

M'nyengo yotentha, zipatso zazing'onoting'ono zimakula - kuchokera pa 0.15 mpaka 0,4 kg

Duchess Moscow Dimba

Duchess peyala yaku Moscow maluwa amatalika mamita khumi kuposa mnzake wakuthengo. Ingoganizirani mtengo wawukuluwu, womwe umasungunuka ndi maluwa oyera. Ndipo zipatso zake zimakula kwambiri kangapo - zimatha kufika 0,8 kg ngakhale 1 kg. Kubzala mtengo ndi kuusamalira kulinso kovuta kuposa momwe mungakhalire ndi peyala ina iliyonse. Zipatso za Duchess Moscow Garden zimakonzedwa bwino kwambiri kupanikizana, kupanikizana ndi zinthu zina zabwino.

Duchess Angouleme yophukira

Zosiyanasiyana izi, mwatsoka, sizimakonda nyengo yozizira, kulimba kwake kwa dzinja ndizochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake imakulidwa pagombe la Black Sea. Zofanana ndi mapiramidi ataliitali, mitengo ya Duches Angouleme yokhala ndi zipatso zake zoyambirira idzasangalatsa nyakulayo patatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu kuchokera pomwe chomera chidawoneka.

Mapeyala akuluakulu amapereka zipatso zambiri, zomwe zimatha kuyambira 70 makilogalamu mpaka 1.5 c pa mtengo uliwonse. Koma peyala iliyonse ndi yolemera - sizachilendo kwa peyala ya Angouleme yolemera 1 kg. Nthawi yomweyo, zipatso zimapatsidwa kukoma ndi fungo labwino ku Duchesse. Amagwira zolimba mpaka Novembro. Mapeyala omwe amatengedwa pamtengo amapsa kwa milungu iwiri. Kutentha kochepa, m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena chapansi pansi pamatha kupitilira miyezi itatu kapena inayi.

Osati zachilendo Angouleme mapeyala olemera kilogalamu imodzi

Kubzala Peyala ya Duchess

Pa kusasamala konse kwa ma duchess, ngati mungasankhe kubzala pamalowo, muyenera kutsatira njira zina kuti mtengo uzike mizu, ukule ndikukula bwino.

Zomera zimamera bwino mu nthawi ya masika kubzala, koma ndibwino kukonzekera dzenje muthaka, kuti dothi lomwe limakhazikika. Njira ina ndi motere:

1. Dothi lomwe lakumbidwa pokumbapo bowo limasakanikirana ndi:
   • kapu ya superphosphate;
   • lita imodzi ya phulusa;
   • 3 zidebe za feteleza wopezeka.
2. Nthaka imabwezeredwa kudzenje, ndikuthirira ndikusiyidwa kuti dothi lichepe. Malo okonzedwayo amalembedwa ndi msomali. Ngati dzenje silinakonzekere kugwa, limakumbidwa mchaka, koma sabata imodzi isanayikidwe mmunda, kuti dothi likhale ndi nthawi yokwanira. Kuzemba kwa nthaka mu dzenje ndikofunikira kwambiri, kuti muzu wamizu ukangokhala cm cm pamwamba pa nthaka, osalowa pansi ndikathilira mutabzala, apo ayi mtengowo sukulira ndikukula bwino.
   

   Ndikofunikira kuti khosi la mmera wa peyala likhale pamwamba panthaka

3. Asanabzala peyalayo m'nthaka yomwe yakonzedwa, maenjewo amapanga dzenje ndikuyesa ngati akukwanira ndi mizu ya mmera. Mizu yake iyenera kupezeka mwa dzenje momasuka.
4. Kuti mupulumuke mbande, ndikofunikira kufalitsa mizu yake kuti isunthe mosiyanasiyana, osadutsana.
5. Pafupi ndi peyalayo pamaikapo chothandizira - mtengo kapena thabwa, lomwe limayikidwa pansi pansi pamizu ya chomera, ndipo mtengo umamangiriridwa.
   

   Mbewu za peyala ziyenera kumangirizidwa ku chithandizo chokhazikika.

6. Zitatha izi, mizu imakutidwa ndi nthaka yomwe yakonzedwa kale.
   

   Mmera wa peyala umakutidwa ndi nthaka pambuyo poti mizu yake iwongoka
7. Dziko lapansi mozungulira mmera limapindika.
   

   Mutabzala, mbande zimasinthidwa mosamala.

8. Mmera uliwonse umathiriridwa madzi (ndowa zitatu za madzi).
9. Madziwo akamamwa, bwalo lam'mbuyo limalungika ndi zokutira ndi humus kapena matabwa. M'tsogolomu, udzu wosenda ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazolinga izi.

Kusamalira a Duchess atafika

Kuti tiwone momwe zikhalidwe zikukula ndikukula kwa ma Duches, njira zokhazokha zosamalirira mitengo yazipatso ndizokwanira.

Mulching

Kuchokera pamalungo a thunthu la mtengo, womwe unapangidwa pakubzala Duchess, sayenera kukanidwa mtsogolo. Njira yosavuta iyi yaulimi imakupatsani mwayi:

• Tetezani mizu ya mtengowo ku chisanu nthawi yozizira komanso kutentha kwa chirimwe;
• lekani nthaka nthawi yomvula ndi mvula;
• kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka.
  

  Mulching imathandiza kuteteza mizu yamitengo ku mavuto

Nthawi yomweyo, mpweya wofikira kumizu sukwanira konse, ndipo mtengowo umalandiranso kuvala kwapamwamba pamwambapa ndi kuwola pang'onopang'ono kwa mulch.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Zaka ziwiri zoyambirira mmera sizidyetsedwa, zimafunikira feteleza wokwanira yemwe adayikidwa mu dzenje lobzala. Kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha moyo, mitengo imayamba kudyetsedwa pamalo a Duches.

Zophatikiza michere zimabalalika padziko lonse la thunthu chaka chilichonse nthawi yophukira.

Chaka chilichonse m'dzinja, amabalalitsidwa pamwamba pa thunthu lozungulira ndikusindikizidwa ndi lingwe lakuya masentimita 15 pa mita iliyonse² 30 g iliyonse:

• ammonium nitrate;
• potaziyamu mankhwala enaake;
• superphosphate.

Zamoyo - manyowa kapena kompositi - umagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pachaka 3 chilichonse pamlingo wa 10 kg pa 1 mita².

Kaya mbewu idalandira chakudya chokwanira chitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa masika. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kukhala osakwana 10 cm, mtengowo umafunikira kudyetsedwa kuwonjezera.

Kuthirira

Nthawi yofunika kuthirira mtengowu ndi nyengo. Ngati kuli kutentha, kulibe mvula, ma Duchess, ndithudi, muyenera kuthiririra madzi. Njira yosangalatsa yowerengetsera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mtengo umafuna umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi odziwa ntchito. Amasakaniza ndi zaka za mmera: pachaka chilichonse cha moyo peyala, ndowa ziwiri za madzi zimatsanuliridwa pansi pake.

Pali 3 yoyenera kuthirira:

• kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, maluwa asanaphuke;
• kumayambiriro kwa kucha zipatso (theka la mwezi pambuyo pa woyamba);
• mutakolola.

Kudulira

Zaka zisanu zoyambirira za kukula kwa mbewu pamalowo ndizodzipereka pakapangidwe korona wamtengowo. Popeza ma duchess alibe kwambiri hardiness yozizira, sayenera kufooka ndi kudulira kwa yophukira. Chifukwa chake, gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yamasika. Pa mtengo wazaka chimodzi, mphukira wapakati (wochititsa) amakhala waufupi ndi kotala kutalika kwake, nthambi zotsala, zomwe zimapanga mafupa a korona, zimadulidwa ndi masamba asanu.

Kupanga korona wa peyala, kudulira kumachitika masika aliwonse.

Mu korona wopangidwa wa mtengo wachikulire, nthambi zouma ndi zodwala zimadulidwa (kudulira mwaukhondo). Komanso mphukira ndi nthambi zopita mkati mwa korona, zopingasa, kupukutirana, kupindika (kudulira kudulira) kumachotsedwa.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Pokonzekera mundawo nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kuteteza mapeyala, makamaka ana, ku makoswe, omwe, mwa kudya makungwa, amatha kuwononga mtengowo. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mutetezedwe, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zotukutira kapena nthambi za nthambi zina.

Pamtengo wachikulire, wina sayenera kuyiwala kubwezeretsa pochotsa zitsamba kuti ateteze makungwa kuti asatenthe.

Musaiwale kusintha ubweya wa mapeyala

Matenda a Duchess

Matenda ofala kwambiri:

• nkhanambo;
• moniliosis;
• bacteria kuyaka.

Matenda awiri oyamba ndi fungal m'chilengedwe.

Scab ndi moniliosis

Ndi nkhanambo, mawanga a bulauni amapanga masamba amtengowo ndi zipatso zake.

Khungu limawoneka zofiirira pamasamba ndi zipatso za mtengowo

Moniliosis ili ndi mayina ena - kuwotcha kwachiwonetsero, kuwola kwa zipatso. Ndi zipatso, masamba ndi masamba a mtengo amavutika.

Moniliosis amatchedwanso zipatso zowola.

Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda onse awiri, mapeyala amathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi katatu pakula:

• masamba asanatseguke, yankho la mankhwala atatu lokonzekera;
• Chithandizo chachiwiri musanatsegule masamba ndipo chachitatu chitangoonekera thumba losunga mazira chikuchitika ndi yankho la mankhwalawa pochita 1: 100.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides m'malo mwa Bordeaux madzi, kuwakonzekeretsa mogwirizana ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo.

Bacteria watentha

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa mabakiteriya amalowa mumaluwa kudzera m'maluwa. Matendawa amafalikira msanga, chifukwa chake, maluwa atakhazikika ndikuda bii, masamba kapena thumba losunga mazira likuwoneka pamtengo, limadulidwa mosamala ndikuwotcha kuti matendawa asalowe mbewu zina. Malo odulira ndi zida samatetezedwa ndi 1% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena chitsulo 0,7%. Kenako mtengowo umathandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki pakachulukidwe ka 50 μg / ml:

• Streptomycin;
• Rifampicin;
• Chloramphenicol.
  

  Ndi kutentha kwa bakiteriya, mbali zina za mtengowo zimadetsedwa ndi kufa

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Mwa zina mwa tizirombo timene nthawi zambiri timapezeka pa peulu ndi agulugufe agulugufe wa njenjete ndi njenjete, ndikuwononga masamba, masamba, masamba, ndi zipatso zomwe.

Poletsa kuwoneka ngati "olowa" a hawthorn masamba asanatseguke, mtengowo umathandizidwa ndi njira yayikulu ya urea (700 g ya mankhwalawa imatengedwa pa malita 10 a madzi).

Poletsa kuwoneka kwa mbozi za njenjete, mtengowo umathandizidwa ndi tizilombo tosatha patatha masiku 30 mpaka 30 titamasula. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo.

Palibe choopsa chilichonse ndi mbozi za peyala zomwe zimadya masamba. Zimaswa mbuto za mazira patsinde lamasamba.Zomera zokhazokha zikaonekera, zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa, koma ndikawukira kwambiri, mtengowo ungapulumutsidwe pokhapokha pochiritsa mtengowo.

Itha kuchitika pamtengo ndi m'mera wa zobiriwira zobiriwira, kudya chakudya cha mtengowo. Awononge ndi yankho, pokonzekera yomwe Fitoverm ndi 1 tbsp. Amasungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. l sopo wamadzimadzi.

Chofunikira ndikutsirizika kwakanthawi kwa mitundu yonse ya mankhwala a ma duchess: izi ziyenera kuchitika osachepera mwezi umodzi kukolola.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Tizilombo ta Peyala

Ndemanga za Duchess

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za ma 50s, ngale ya ma Duches Angouleme omwe ndi osowa tsopano yakhala ikukula mdziko muno. Kulawa, kwenikweni, osati Bere Bosque, koma yabwino kwambiri, popanda granulation ndipo, monga akunena ku Pomology, ndi zonunkhira zina. Sichikukonzedwa ndi kalikonse, pofika nthawi yakucha kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, gawo limodzi lokhalo la zipatso limakhala itaphwanyika. Imagona miyezi 2-3.

Jack1972

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=597&page=250

Zambiri sizikudziwika bwino ndi a Duchess, ku Tambov timakhala ndi a Duchess chilimwe, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakula ndikupanga zipatso zazing'ono komanso zokoma, atero, ngakhale izi ndi mitundu ya komweko.

babay133

//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=4714

Ndimakonda peyala ya a Duchess, mitundu onunkhira bwino kwambiri. Ndiye chilimwe. Ndimakondanso pamene mapeyala amapsa nthawi yachisanu, pomwe kulibe kanthu, ndipo mapeyala akuyembekezera chisanu.

Caramel77

//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=2061.0

Pokulima bwino kwa ma Duchess, mfundo zazikulu ndikudzalanso kolondola kwa mtengowo ndikugwiritsanso ntchito luso laulimi la chomera ichi. Izi zikuthandizira kukula komanso kukhazikika kwa ngale. Kwa zaka zambiri adzakondweretsa wosamalira mundawo ndi banja lake ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri, zomwe sizipezekepo.