Pear Noyabrskaya ndi mtundu wofanana mu Europe ndi mizu ya Moldovan. Ndizotchuka ku Poland, Holland, Belgium, Moldova, Ukraine. Ku Russia, peyala iyi idayamba kufalikira mu 2014.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Pali mapeyala awiri a mitundu ya Noyabrskaya, omwe ndi "namesake". Yoyamba idapezedwa mu 50s ya zaka zapitazi ndi Far Eastern Science Science Research Institute of Agriculture ndipo idaphatikizidwa mu State Record mu 1974 ku Far East Region. Zosiyanasiyana izi zinali chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa peyala ya Ussuri yokhala ndi decan yozizira. Ili ndi zopindulitsa zina - kukhazikika kwa nyengo yozizira m'chigawo chake, kukana nkhanambo, kutalika (64-174 kg / ha) ndi mbewu zapachaka. Kusalinganika pamlingo wa zaka 3-4. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala kokoma komanso wowawasa, ndibwino. Kuyendetsa ndi kusunthika ndikutali. Kukucha kumachitika mu Seputembala, ndipo kukhazikika kwa ogula kumatheka mu Okutobala - Novembala. Zipatso zimatha kusungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa Disembala. Koma chifukwa chakubweza - kuwongolera kwa zipatso zazing'ono (65 g) - mitunduyo sinatchuka.
Mtundu wa Far East wa peyala ya Novembala uli ndi zipatso zazing'ono
Peyala yachiwiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Noyabrskaya idapezeka ku Moldova ndi obereketsa Ksenia Dushutina. Izi zidachitika podutsa mitundu ya Triumph Vienne (mitundu yayikulu-zipatso ya ku France) ndi Nikolai Krueger (wakale wakale wa ku Roma osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri, wopatsa zipatso). Novembala amadziwika ku Ukraine, Russia, Europe. Ku Poland, adakula pamalonda azaka zoposa 20. Chilolezo chazaka zonse zoyenera kubzala mbande za peyalayi ndi cha a nazale achi Dutch a Van Rhein de Bryn. Ku European Union, peyala ya Novembala idalembetsedwa pansi pa dzina la wolemba wake - Xenia, kuwonjezera apo, mitunduyi ili ndi mayina ena ambiri osagwirizana - November yozizira, kumapeto kwa Novembala, Novembra, Oksana, Nojabrskaja, Novebirne.
Pamene, mu 2014, atapemphedwa ndi Nikitsky Botanical Garden (Crimea), pomwe adaganiza zowonjezera mitundu yomwe idatchuka ku State Register ya Russia, adazindikira kuti dzina loteroli lilipo kale. Njira yotulukirayo idapezeka mwachangu - mitundu idapatsidwa dzina la Noyabrskaya Moldova ndikuyika dera la North Caucasus.
Wamaluwa ali ndi chidwi chachiwiri pa "namesakes".
Mtengowu ndiwakukulu, korona ndi wopapatiza-piramidi, wapakati kachulukidwe. Monga mapeyala ambiri opangira mafakitale, iwo amabzala pa mtengo wamtchire ndi quince. Poyamba, mtengowo ndiwotalikirapo komanso wowonjezera yozizira. Imayamba kubala zipatso mchaka cha 4 mpaka 5 mutabzala. Atalumikizidwa pa quince, peyala imakhala ndi kukula kocheperako, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mukule pa trellis. Ndipo zipatso pamenepa zimachitika kale - mchaka cha 3. Zotsika zochepa za mtengowo pa chitsa cha quince zimachotsedwa ndi kubzala kwakukulu. Ndiukadaulo woyenera, kumabweretsa zipatso 40-50 t / ha pachaka. Limamasula mu Meyi. Pukutulutsa, mitundu ya chilimwe ya Williams nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Noyabrskaya (Ksenia) imakhala ndi chisanu kwambiri m'malo olimapo mafakitale, komanso chitetezo chazironda komanso kutentha kwa bakiteriya. Ndizolimba kuposa Mitundu ya Misonkhano, imakhudzidwa ndi nkhupakupa, koma singagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi tsamba-flare (munga wa peyala).
Peyala ya Novembala imakhala ndi mtengo wotsika wokhala ndi piramidi, wofalikira
Zipatsozo ndi zazitali, zazikulu. Kukula kwakukulu ndi 300-400 g (200 g kukuwonetsedwa ku State Record, koma magwero ambiri amati kulemera kwakukulu), okwera ndi 600 g. Kututa kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, ndipo mapeyala akukonzeka kudyedwa koyambirira kwa Novembala. Chifuno chachikulu ndi cha Chaka Chatsopano. Khungu la peyala ndi wandiweyani, wobiriwira wopepuka m'mtundu wokhala ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono ocheperako. Zipatso z kucha zimapaka utoto wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira. Guwa ndi yowutsa mudyo, wodekha, wophatikiza, wonunkhira. Ili ndi kutsitsimutsa kodabwitsa, kokoma komanso wowawasa. Kulawa mphambu - mfundo 4.8. Mu firiji, peyalayo imatha kusungidwa mpaka Epulo popanda kuwononga katundu waogula. Musanagwiritse ntchito, ziyenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa sabata kuti ziwulule bwino.
Zipatso za peyala ya Novembala zimafika pa 300-400 g kapena kupitirira
Kanema: Kubwereza kwa peyala ya Novembala
Kubzala peyala zosiyanasiyana Noyabrskaya
Zoyenera kubzala peyala ya Noyabrskaya ziyenera kukwaniritsa izi:
- malo ocheperako kumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo, otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira kumpoto;
- dzuwa, malo osasunthika;
- kusowa kwamadzi, kupezeka kwakuya kwamadzi pansi;
- lotayirira, lotakidwa nthaka ndi acidity ya pH 5.0-6.5.
Mtunda pakati pa mbewu zapafupi pagulu lodzala ndi 3 m, pakati pa mizere - 4 m. Ndikotheka kukula pa trellises, pamenepa, kubzala kumachepetsedwa mpaka 2 m mzere ndi mpaka 3 m pakati pamizere.
M'madera otentha, mutha kudzala mapeyala mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi yakubzala palibe kutulutsa kotsika ndipo mbewu zikadagona. Mukabzala m'dzinja, ndibwino kuphimba mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi spanbond nthawi yozizira kuti zisawonongeke chisanu. M'minda yamafakitale, nthawi zambiri mbande zazaka ziwiri zimabzalidwa.
Ngati mbewu zokhala ndi mizu yotsekedwa zimapezeka, ndiye kuti msambo ungakhale waukulu, ndipo zingabzalidwe kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala.
Mukamakula mapeyala pa trellis, thandizo limayenera kuyikidwiratu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito zitsulo zopangira konkriti kapena zitsulo zolimbitsa zomwe zimayikidwa pamtunda wa 4-5 mamita kuchokera pachilichonse. Kutalika kwake pamwamba pa nthaka kuyenera kukhala kwamtunda wa 3-3.5 m. Pakati pazipilala amatambasulapo zingwe zingapo za waya wamiyala yotalikilana ndi mainchesi 4-5 mm ndi masentimita 40-50.
Ntchito:
- Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi asanakhazikitsidwe, dzenje lotyerayo liyenera kukonzedwa, kuya ndi mainchesi ake omwe ali pafupifupi masentimita 80. Mukadzala masika, dzenje limakumbidwa pakugwa. Panthaka ya dothi lolemera, ngalande ziyenera kukonzedwa ndikuyika chimango cha masentimita 10 mwala wosweka kapena njerwa yosweka pansi.
Zotulutsira madzi, dothi la zinyalala kapena lothyoledwa limayala pansi pa dzenjelo.
- Dzenje limadzazidwa pamwamba ndikukhala ndi zigawo zofanana za humus, chernozem, peat ndi mchenga ndi kuwonjezera kwa 300-400 g wa superphosphate ndi 3-4 l wa phulusa.
- Mizu ya mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotseguka imanyowa m'madzi kwa maola angapo musanabzike. Zingakhale zabwino ngati mukuwonjezera zokupatsani mphamvu kumadzi, mwachitsanzo, Epin, Kornevin, Heteroauxin, etc.
- Mdzenje dzenjenjesani dzenje ndi mtunda pakati. Khomalo lotalika mita 1-1.3 kuchokera pansi limayendetsedwa kuchokera pakati pa 15 cm kuchokera pakati. Ngati trellis imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa cholembera.
- Mmera wabzalidwa dzenje ndi khosi mizu pamwamba pa bowo. Amagona pansi ndi nthaka, ndikuyiphatikiza mosamala m'magulu. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti, chifukwa chodzala, khosi la mizu lili pamlingo wa dothi.
Khosi la mmera liyenera kukhala pansi
- Mangani mtengo pachikhomo kapena pa trellis yokhala ndi zotanulira. Poterepa, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti thunthu silisamutsidwa.
- Bwalo lozungulira limapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chosoka kapena chodulira ndege ndipo dothi limathirira madzi ambiri. Pambuyo pa izi, palibe zolakwika zomwe zikhalebe muzu.
- Pambuyo masiku atatu, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa ndikuilowetsedwa ndi udzu, humus, sawunda dothi, etc.
- Woyendetsa wapakati azidulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 60-80 cm, ndipo nthambi zifupikitsidwe ndi 50%.
Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro
Pear Noyabrskaya amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse komanso kuchuluka, chifukwa salola chilala. Ngati wokonzayo wamusiya kuchitidwe chachifundo, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zazing'ono, zipatso zolimba. Ndipo ndikusowa kwa michere, mazira amatha kutha.
Kuthirira
Nyengo, monga lamulo, muyenera kuthilira peyala ya Noyabrskaya 5 mpaka 10. Inde, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mpweya komanso chinyezi pamalowo. Kulemba madzi mopindulitsa sikungakhale kopindulitsa - sikofunikira kusunga "dambo" mozungulira bwalo.
Kuti muwone kufunika kuthirira, kuyesedwa kosavuta kumachitika. Kuchokera pagawo loyandikira thunthu muyenera kutengapo dothi lambiri, ndikulinyowetsa ndikuwugwetsa kuchokera kumtunda wa mita 1. Ngati, chifukwa chake ,umphuwo utagwa, mtengowo uyenera kuthiriridwa. Ngati chinyengo sichikhala bwino, m'nthaka pamakhala chinyezi chokwanira.
Mukathirira, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti mpweya ukufalikira. Mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi kulima pogwiritsa ntchito mulching mitengo ikuluikulu. M'minda yamagulu, makamaka mukamakula pama trellises, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothirira.
Pakabzala magulu, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothirira
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Zambiri zazikuluzikulu za zipatso zazikulu zimafunikira kuchuluka kwa michere. M'zaka 3-4 zoyambirira, pomwe zipatso sizinayambe, mtengowo umakhala ndi feteleza wokwanira woyala mu dzenje lobzala. M'tsogolomu, muyenera kulongosola pafupipafupi molingana ndi chiwembuchi:
- Kamodzi patadutsa zaka 2-3 zilizonse, nthawi ya masika kapena yophukira, feteleza wachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba. Itha kukhala humus, kompositi kapena peat. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wa 5-7 kg / m2.
- Mphukira iliyonse, feteleza wokhala ndi mchere wa nayitrogeni amayenera kuyikidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwabwino kwa mphukira achinyamata. Itha kukhala urea, ammonium nitrate, nitroammophosk. Amayambitsidwanso kuti azikumba 30-30 g / m2.
- Munthawi ya maluwa, korona amatha kuthandizidwa ndi 2 g ya boric acid mu 10 l madzi. Izi zimathandizira kukulira kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira.
Ku Europe, gibberellins imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pazolinga zotere - mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa mapangidwe a m'mimba ndikuwonjezera zipatso. Mitundu ya peyala Noyabrskaya imayankha bwino kugwiritsa ntchito gibberellins.
- Pambuyo maluwa, muyenera kudyetsa mtengowo 1-2 nthawi ndi feteleza wa potashi, mutatha kusungunula m'madzi. Pachifukwa ichi, potaziyamu monophosphate kapena potaziyamu sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 10-20 g / m2.
- M'chilimwe, munthawi ya kukula kwa zipatso, feteleza wa organic amathandiza bwino. Amakonzedwa ndikuyika mullein m'madzi (ndende 2:10), zitosi za mbalame (1:10) kapena udzu watsopano (5-7 kg pa 10 malita a madzi). Musanagwiritse ntchito, kulowetsedwa kozikika kumadzimitsidwa ndi madzi m'chigawo cha 1:10 ndi mitsitsi yamadzi, kumathera ndowa imodzi pa mita imodzi2.
- M'dzinja, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera superphosphate pokumba mu kuchuluka kwa 30-40 g / m2.
- Ma microelements ofunikira amawonjezeredwa ngati gawo la feteleza wovuta, kutsatira malangizo a malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa.
Kuchepetsa
Popanda kupangidwa kolona moyenera, zokolola zambiri sizingatheke. Popeza peyala ya Novembala imakhala ndi kachigawo kakang'ono, chisoti chokhala ndi mphaka chimakhala chabwino. Kudulira koteroko kumakhala poyambira kuyambitsa munda.
Korona wokhala ngati uta
Ubwino wa fomuyi ndi: kusamalirana chisamaliro ndi kututa, kupanga mapangidwe abwino a mpweya wamkati ndi kuwunikira kwake. Zoyipa zake ndikuphatikizira kukula kwa mphukira, kukulitsa korona, zomwe zingafunikire kudulira kwa chaka chilichonse. Kudulira kwamtunduwu kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe nthawi yophukira isanayambe zaka 4-5 zam'moyo.
Kwa peyala Noyabrskaya, kupanga korona molingana ndi mtundu wa mbale ndizoyenera
Kupanga kolona korona
Fomuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene mukukula mapeyala pa trellis. Kuti muchulukane, nthambi za mafupa a 10-12 zomwe zili mu ndege imodzi zimasankhidwa. Amangirizidwa ndi mawaya a trellis, ndipo nthambi zokulitsa zipatso zimasiyidwa kuti zikule momasuka. Popewa kutukuka, amaduladula kuti mphukira zomwe zatsalirazo zichokerane kwa mtunda wa 15-20 cm.
Palmette woboola pakati korona wabwino kukulira mapeyala pa trellis
Mphukira zonse zosafunikira komanso zopikisana zimadulidwa pansi ndi njira ya "mphete".
Mphukira imadulidwa pansi ndi njira ya "mphete"
Sinthani zokolola
Kuchita uku kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe pofuna kusintha kachulukidwe korona pochotsa mphukira yomwe imakula mkati. Kuyenera kukhala kwanzeru kufikira njirayi ndi kupewa kuwonda kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti ena ataye zipatso.
Thandizani Maza
Imachitika ndicholinga chokhazikitsa zokolola zabwino zambiri. Muli otchedwa kusanja achinyamata mphukira, womwe umachitika mu theka loyamba la chilimwe pakufupikitsa ndi 5-10 cm. Izi zimakwiyitsa mphukira ndi nthambi za zipatso. Kenako anaika maluwa. Posachedwa, olima maluwa akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera mfundo imodzi yolima kuti isunge mbewuyi. Mwanjira imeneyi, opanga vinyo amagwiritsa ntchito bwino. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa ndalama zachikhalidwe, koma zimapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Posachedwa, akatswiri olima dimba agwiritsa ntchito njira yodulira posinthira mfundo kuti asunge mbewu
Kudulira mwaukhondo
Ndikofunikira kuti mtengo ukhale wathanzi. Chezani kumapeto kwa yophukira, kuchotsa nthambi zouma, zosweka, ndi matenda. Nthawi zina muyenera kuchita njira kumayambiriro kasupe komanso.
Kututa ndi kusunga
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musankhe nthawi yoyenera kukolola. Kutalika kwa posungira kwotsatira ndi mtundu wa zipatso zimatengera izi. Pankhani yolima mafakitale, pomwe zipatso zimatengedwa zimatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zasayansi - kachulukidwe kamkati kamatsimikizika, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosungunuka kumayesedwa, ndipo muyeso wa ayodini umatengedwa. Zikuwonekeratu kuti izi sizikupezeka kwa mlimi wamba. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudalira zomwe mwakumana nazo, malingaliro a anansi anu - poyesa ndi kulakwitsa, mutha kudziwa nthawi yoyenera yokolola. Ndikwabwino kusungira zipatsozo m'mabokosi otsika, komanso podutsa mpweya. Zingakhale bwino ngati mabokosi atayikidwa m'chipinda chapansi ndi mpweya wozungulira 2-5 ° C.
Ndikwabwino kusungira zipatsozo m'mabokosi otsika, komanso podutsa mpweya
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Musalole kuti peyalayi itengedwe ndi matenda, komanso kuukira kwa tizilombo. Ndiosavuta kupewa mavuto ngati amenewa kusiyana ndi kuthana nawo pambuyo pake.
Kupewa
Mlimi wakhama komanso wodziwa ntchito nthawi zonse amagwira ntchito zopewetsa komanso zaukhondo:
- Kugwa kulikonse, mundawo umatsukidwa. Masamba atatha, masamba adagwa, udzu, nthambi zotsalira pambuyo poti zizidulira mwaukhondo zimayalidwa m'miyala. Amawotchedwa, ndipo phulusa limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthira mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, bowa zambiri, nsikidzi, nkhupakupa ndi tizirombo tina tomwe timatha kuzizira mu zinyalala izi zimawonongeka.
- Yang'anirani makungwa a mitengo. Ngati ming'alu ndi zowonongeka zina zikapezeka, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa malo kuti mukhale matanda athanzi, ndiye kuti muthane ndi fungicides ndikuphimba ndi varnish yaminda.
- Mitengo yamiyendo ndi nthambi zamitengo zimayeretsedwa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la hydrate laimu, pomwe 3% ya sulfate ndi guluu wa PVA imawonjezeredwa. Zotsirizazi zimateteza kuchotsedwa kwa yankho ndi mvula. Njira imeneyi imapewa kupsa ndi dzuwa nthawi yozizira.
Kutsekemera kumalepheretsa kuwotchera dzuwa
- Isanafike nyengo yachisanu isanayambike, amakumba dothi pafupi ndi tsinde loyambira papulogalamu, kuti atembenuzire nthaka. Zotsatira zake, tizirombo tambiri nthawi yachisanu m'madzimo timawonekera pamwamba ndikufa chifukwa cha chisanu.
- Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito nthawi yomweyo, mutha kuthira nthaka ndi nduwira za mtengo ndi 3% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena Bordeaux. Yemweyo chithandizo ziyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kasupe.
- Kuphatikiza apo, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, nduwira za mitengo zimathandizidwa ndi ma herbicides akuluakulu owoneka bwino. Mankhwala otsimikiziridwa bwino DNOC (ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi zaka zitatu) ndi Nitrafen (wogwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zotsala). Chithandizo chotere ndi njira zoteteza ku matenda ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Njira yabwino yotsutsana ndi kulowa kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana - nyerere, zofunda, mbozi - pamtengo wamtengo ndikukhazikitsa mabandi osaka pamiyendo. Zitha kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zotheka - zinthu zounikira, filimu, burlap, ndi zina zambiri.
Malamba osaka amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zotheka kusintha.
- Maluwa asanafike maluwa, njenjete zikayamba kuwuluka, chisoti chachifumuchi chimathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga Decis ndi Fufanon. Pambuyo pa maluwa, chithandizo china cha 2-3 chimachitika pang'onopang'ono masiku 7-10 kuyerekezera ndi mankhwala achilengedwe ofunikira, mwachitsanzo, Spark Bio.
- Ndiponso, atatha maluwa, amayamba mankhwala a prophylactic omwe amakhala ndi ma fungicides a dongosolo kupewa matenda a fungus. Amachitidwa pafupipafupi ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri. Chithandizo chotere ndichofunika kwambiri pakunyowa komanso mvula ikamagwa. Nthawi yokolola isanakwane, mankhwalawa omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yodikirira nthawi yayitali amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga Skor, Horus, Quadris.
Matenda otheka
Si matenda onse omwe peyala ya Novembala imagwira. Ayenera kudziwika.
Moniliosis (moto woyaka)
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bowa, omwe nthawi zambiri amatulutsa maluwa ndi njuchi ndi tizilombo tina. Zimakhudza maluwa, masamba ndi mphukira zamapichesi, zomwe zimayamba kuzimiririka ndikuchita khungu. Kuchokera kumbali, chodabwitsa chimawoneka ngati chikuwotcha. Ngati zizindikiro zotere zipezeka, mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwazo zimayenera kudulidwa pomwepo limodzi ndi mbali yamatabwa athanzi ndikuwotchedwa, ndipo mtengo umathandizidwa ndi fungicides. M'chilimwe, moniliosis imakhudza zipatso ndi imvi zowola.
M'chilimwe, moniliosis imayambitsa zipatso zobola zipatso
Dzimbiri
Matendawa amakhudza mapeyala, patali ndi pomwe panali mitengo ya juniper. Ichi ndichifukwa cha padera pachitukuko cha bowa wa pathogen. Matendawa amadutsa kuchokera pa mlombwa kupita pa peyala komanso mosiyanasiyana. Zovuta zimanyamulidwa ndi mphepo mtunda wautali (mpaka 50 km). Poyamba, mawanga ang'onoang'ono amtundu wamtambo wamtundu wamtambo amawonekera pamasamba omwe akukhudzidwa, omwe amawonjezereka ndikukhala ofiira pofika pakati pa chilimwe. Pamunsi pa tsamba, zipolopolo zimapanga mawonekedwe a njerewere, mkati mwake momwe muli zibowo zambiri. Mankhwala othandizira ndi fungicides amaletsa vutoli.
Phula limapangika kumunsi kwa tsamba lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri
Sopo bowa
Monga lamulo, kachilombo ka mafangayi kumayendetsedwa ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa peyala ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Madzi okoma omwe amatulutsidwa m'moyo wa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi malo osungirako zimbowa. Chimbudzi cha fungal chimawoneka pamasamba mawonekedwe a utoto wakuda wofanana ndi mwaye. Kuphatikiza pa masamba, zipatso zomwe sizikhala zoyenera kudya zimathanso kukhudzidwa.
Kufufuma kwa bowa wam'maso kumawoneka pamasamba ali ngati mpala wakuda wofanana ndi mwaye.
Mwina tizirombo
Pali tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe sitikusamala kudya zipatso ndi masamba a peyala.
Ma nsabwe
Tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timayamwa timadyera pa tsamba la masamba a peyala. Amalowa mu korona mothandizidwa ndi nyerere zomwe zimakonda kudya zotsekemera za aphid. Mutha kuwona tizilombo mukamayang'ana mtengo. Ngati masamba adakulungidwa mu chubu amawona, aphid mwina ili mkatimo. Masamba oterowo akuyenera kumadulidwa ndikuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali njira zambiri zotchuka zolimbana ndi tizilombo.
Ngati masamba opindidwa mu chubu amawona pa peyala kapena mtengo wa apulo, aphidyo mwina ili mkatimo
Njenjete
Gulugufe wamtundu wa bulawuni amawuluka mchaka ndikuyika mazira m'nthaka ya mitengo ikuluikulu. Ana agalu amapenga pakati pa mazira ndikunyamula thunthu kupita pa chisonga cha mtengo, kulowa mkati mwa zipatsozo, kukukuta mabowo mwa iwo. Mapeyala owonongeka amasiya kugulitsa, sangasungidwe, akhoza kuvunda pamtengo. Kulimbana ndikothandiza pa gulu la gulugufe. Mitengo yamapira imatha kuyimitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito malamba osaka komanso kuphera tizilombo. Ngati zilowera zipatso, palibe chifukwa chomenyera.
Khwangwala wamphongo amatuluka mumtengowo
Chikumbu cha peyala
Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayamba m'nthaka ya mitengo ikuluikulu. Kumayambiriro koyambira imakwera kumtunda, kumakwawa kolona ndikudya masamba, pambuyo pake imatha kudya maluwa, mazira, malangizo a mphukira zazing'ono, masamba achichepere. M'mwezi wa Meyi, amayikira mazira m'nthaka, pomwe pamatuluka mphutsi - otchedwa khrushchites.
Maluwa omwe amakhudzidwa ndi maluwa amakoma
Amalimbana ndi kachilombo pothana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Komanso nthawi yozizira mutha kugwedeza tizilombo tamadonthono kuchokera kuma nthambi pamtundu ulalikiretu pansi pa mtengo. Munthawi imeneyi, kafadala ka maluwa kamakhala pa kutentha kwa kutentha kosaposa 5 ° C. Amalimbana ndi chitsa pakukulitsa dothi ndi Diazinon. Izi zimathandiza kumayambiriro kwa June. Mankhwalawa amachita kwa milungu itatu, kenako amayamba kuwola. Samadzikundikira m'dothi ndi zipatso.
Ndemanga Zapamwamba
Peyala ya Novembala kulemera kwa 416 g yaying'ono 270 - 280g iliyonse. Chotsani osapsa. Atanama, amakoma bwino, amakumbukira vwende. Hardiness yozizira ndiyabwino, makungwa amakhala oyera, opanda maenje a chisanu. Madontho akuda pa peyala - anagunda matalala.
Sansad, Minsk
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=6887&start=1410
Noyabrskaya sazindikira thaws, ili ndi chisanu chochepa kwambiri chifukwa chakupsa nkhuni, mitengo yobala zipatso imakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Beca
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=6887&start=1410
Kuchuluka mu Novembala mikhalidwe ya Donbass (Yasinovataya). Katemera pa quince S1. Kuyambira 2010 sipanatenge kuzizira, akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino pakuthirira madontho, pankhaniyi, pa quince pamafunika thandizo labwino. Wodzipereka, Maxim Kuchinsky.
max-kuch, Ukraine
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9409
Ndikufuna kunena makamaka za mitundu ya Novembala ya Novembala, yomwe kutchuka ndi kufalikira kwake ku Ukraine kunachokera ku Bukovina. Novembala, kapena Novembro Moldova, adadulidwa ndi abusa a Ksenia Dushutina chifukwa cha kuwoloka kwa Triumph Vienne ndi Nikolai Kruger. Mtengowu umakhala pakati ndi korona wofalikira wa piramidi, kuuma kwa dzinja ndikutalika, mitunduyi imagwirizana ndi matenda a fungus, makamaka nkhanambo komanso kutentha kwa mabakiteriya. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu - 180-350 g (ena amalemera 700-800 g), atakhwima - chikasu, ndi blint yonyansa mbali ya dzuwa. Pulogalamuyi ndi yowutsa mudyo, yamafuta, okoma komanso wowawasa, yotsitsimula, yokhala ndi fungo labwino, kulawa pafupifupi muyezo - mfundo za 4.8. Popanda kukokomeza, titha kunena kuti onse ku Ukraine ndi ku Europe kulibe petier tastier.
Oleg_M
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9409
Malingaliro anga: Noyabrskaya ndi zipatso zabwino, zokongola, zazikulu kwambiri, koma kukoma kwakeko sikuti kwambiri, thupi silikhala lofewa ndipo silisungunuke, limasungidwa pamtengo mpaka chisanu, mwina pali nuances, kapena siwofatsa nyengo?
alex31, dera la Belgorod
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9409
Kugwa komaliza ndidagula Noyabrskaya ku Vygonichi pafupi ndi Bryansk. Kawonedwe, komweko, sikofanana ndi zithunzi, koma kukoma kwake ndikwabwinobwino. Izi zikuwonetsa makamaka kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa mitundu, komwe kumasiyanitsa mtundu wa kuswana kwa Dushutina. M'malo abwino otetezedwa ndi mphepo, mitundu ya Sokrovische, Noyabrskaya imakula ngakhale m'chigawo cha Bryansk. Mwa zolephera - iwo amayankha mwachangu kutentha kwa masika motero masamba a maluwa amaundana. Ndipo chachiwiri - amafunikirabe kutentha kwambiri kuti apeze kukoma. Koma ndikubwereza pamalo okwezeka komanso achitetezo kumphepo, zimapatsa zipatso zathu zabwino.
yri, Bryansk dera
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9409&page=2
Novembala pafupi ndi Kiev mu 2016. Lawani bwino chaka chino kuposa chaka chatha (zipatso zoyambirira). Ndipo m'mene anagona, anayamba kuwuma ndi kufewetsa. Kukomerako ndikwabwino koposa. Ndimaona zosiyanasiyana ngati imodzi mwazabwino zofunikira kutengera gawo lathu.
pripythanin-1986
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9409&page=4
Ubwino wa peyala ya Novembala ndizosatsutsika. Kukoma kwakukulu, moyo wa alumali wabwino kwambiri komanso kuyendetsa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokongola ma tchuthi. Kukana chisanu kwabwino, kusatetezeka kumatenda ena, zokolola - Makhalidwewa amakopa akatswiri azamalonda ndi alimi. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosangalatsa pokongoletsa nyumba.
