Sansevieria ndi maluwa okongoletsa masamba a herbaceous. Ndi banja la Asparagus. Mwa alimi a maluwa, amadziwika kuti "mchira wa pike", "kakombo wa kambuku", "lilime la mdierekezi" kapena "lilime la apongozi". Malo okhala ma sansevieria amafikira ku nkhalango zotentha za ku Africa, North America, Indonesia ndi India. Masamba ofiirira amtunduwu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso okongoletsa kwambiri. Mitengo yamagulu imawoneka yokongola kwambiri, motero, ndi nzeru kubzala zingapo zingapo mumphika wautali.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Sansevieria ndi cholengedwa chokhazikika chosatha. Imakula 30-120 cm kutalika. Pakati pa oimira pali zitsanzo za epiphytic ndi zapadziko lapansi. Mitsempha yotupa imakhala yolimba. Masamba ofiirira omwe amakula kuchokera kumizu. Amapezeka mokhazikika kapena pang'ono padera kuchokera pakati.
Mitundu yonse imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri apakati: masamba ofukula otambalala kapena masamba ofupikira m'gulu laling'ono. M'mphepete mwa masamba nokhazikika, ndipo kumapeto kumaloledwa. Pamwamba pa pepalalali ndimakutidwa ndi khungu loyaka, kupewa kutulutsa madzi ochuluka. Tsamba pepalalo ndi utoto wakuda. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi malire achikasu kapena siliva, komanso mawonekedwe pamtunda. Chaka chilichonse, mapepala atsopano 2-3 amawonjezeredwa ku malo ogulitsira.
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kapena chilimwe, mzere wautali wokhala ndi maluwa yaying'ono wokhala ndi nyenyezi amawonekera kuchokera pakatikati pa maluwa. Mwachilengedwe, sansevieria limamasula chaka chonse. Masamba amapanga mtundu wa inflemose inflorescence ndipo amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu losangalatsa, lofanana ndi fungo la vanila ndi ma cloves. Masamba amatsegulidwa madzulo, ndipoatseka m'mawa. Maluwa amakhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
Pambuyo popukutira, zipatso zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi nthangala zazing'ono zipse. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mutamasulidwa maluwa, tsamba lakale limasiya kutulutsa masamba atsopano.
Mitundu ya Sansevieria
Pafupifupi, mitundu pafupifupi 70 ili m'gulu la Sansevieria, koma pafupifupi khumi mwaiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa. Alimi ambiri amalima amakonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga maluwa.
Sansevieria ndi njira zitatu. Mtundu wololera chilala womwe umapezeka kumadera achipululu ku Africa. Masamba ake owongoka amakula mpaka 1 mita kutalika. Ali ndi mawonekedwe lanceolate. Pafupifupi mizera yayitali yofiirira imapezeka padziko masamba obiriwira. Zosiyanasiyana:
- sansevieria hanni - masamba ofupikirapo komanso akulu amakula mu rosette yooneka bwino;
- Hanni Golide - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yagolide imawoneka pazifupi;
- sansevieria laurenti - masamba aatali lanceolate omwe ali m'mphepete mwa mikwingwirima yopendekera yachikaso;
- Sansevieria Moonlight - masamba pang'ono opindika, apafupi ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira pang'ono wa siliva.
Sansevieria ndi cylindrical (cylindrical). Mtengowo umasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ataliitali amtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Pamaso pawo pali mikwingulo yasiliva yopindika. Nthambi zimapanga malo okhala. Mapeto ake amakhala ochepa kwambiri ndipo amawongokera. Ndiwoluka mokwanira kutiadzivulaza, nthawi zambiri m'mphepete amaphimbidwa ndi kapu ya cork. Nthawi yamaluwa, inflorescence imodzi yokhala ndi nyenyezi zoyera zonona imawonekera patuluka. Mawonekedwe ofiira sawoneka bwino pamatchulidwewo.
Sansevieria ndiabwino. Chomera chachikulu cha epiphytic chimapanga masamba a masamba a 2-4. Kutalika kwa pepala lanceolate ndi 30-60 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15. Mtundu wokongola wa malo opingasa ndi mizere ya malachite hue umawoneka pansanja yakuda. M'mphepete mwake nthawi zambiri pamakhala malire ofiira. Mu kasupe, bulashi yama maluwa angapo mpaka kutalika kwa 80 masentimita.Pamtondo wowongoka pali masamba oyera oyera amtundu wochepa thupi komanso maziko ake.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
M'malo am'nyumba, sansevieria amafalitsidwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamasamba: kugawa tchire ndi kudula masamba. Chapakatikati, pakumasulira chitsamba chachikulu, dothi lalikulu liyenera kuchotsedwa pamizu, kenako nthangala ndikudula ndi tsamba losabala. Gawoli lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi malo amodzi okulirapo ndi masamba angapo. Zomera zomwe zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo zimabzalidwa mu dothi lamchenga. Amathiriridwa kochepa kwambiri ndikukhala m'chipinda chofunda (+ 25 ° C). Njira yofalitsira iyi imakupatsani mwayi kuti musunge mtundu wokongoletsa wa masamba ndi malire.
Tsamba lililonse la sansevieria limatha kugawidwa m'magulu 4 mpaka 8 masentimita. Mizu imachitika bwino. Ndikofunikira kuyimitsa ndikudula m'mwamba, koma bwanji kuyiyika mchenga. Ndikofunika kuti musasokoneze pansi ndi pamwamba pa pepalalo. Zidutswa zimakutidwa ndi chipewa chowonekera (botolo la pulasitiki kapena chidutswa chagalasi). Kutsirira kumachitika kudzera poto. Pambuyo pa masabata 4-5, tsamba limakhala ndi mizu ndi masamba atsopano. Masamba enieni amakula pang'ono pang'ono. Ndi njira iyi, mbewu nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ndi masamba owoneka, popanda malire. Mutha kuyesa kutenga mwana wa motley ngati kudula kotsika kwa tsamba kumapangidwa mwa mphero kuti mbali za motley zokha ndizogwirizana ndi nthaka.
Malamulo osamalira kunyumba
Sansevieria ndi mbewu yabwino komanso yopanda kuyera. Ndiwabwino kwa oyamba kumene komanso olima dimba, komanso popanda zovuta adzapulumuka tchuthi chautali cha eni.
Kuwala Mtengowo umakula bwino pansi pa kuwunikira kwachilengedwe ndi koyikiratu, mthunzi wake kapena dzuwa lowala. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafunikira kuwala. Munthawi ya kasupe ndi nthawi yachilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mbewu zizipitidwa mpweya wabwino, m'malo otetezedwa ku mpweya komanso kukonzekera.
Kutentha Sansevieria imasungidwa pa + 18 ... + 25 ° C. M'masiku otentha, ndikofunikira kupatsirana chipindacho nthawi zambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kuchepetsa kutentha mpaka + 12 ... + 14 ° C. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa mbewu kumachepetsa pang'ono ndipo kufunika kothirira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kuzizira m'munsimu + 10 ° C kumabweretsa matenda a chomera.
Chinyezi. Lilime la Teschin limasinthana ndi chinyezi wamba mchipindacho ndipo safuna kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Kuti chomera chikamveke bwino, muyenera kupukuta masamba nthawi zonse kapena kuwasambitsa ngati madzi osamba. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofewa kuti pasapezeke madontho a mandimu.
Kuthirira. Thirirani tchire mutayanika dothi pafupifupi theka. Sansevieria amalimbana ndi chilala chomwe chimatenga nthawi yayitali, koma atha kuvutika ndi kusefukira kwa nthaka. Kutentha kwa mpweya kumachepa, kuthirira kumachepa.
Feteleza. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala, sansevieria amakhathamiritsa pamwezi ndi michere yama mankhwala am'madzi amakaniridwe ndi cacti. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse theka la mavalidwe apamwamba. Amadzidulira m'madzi ndikuthira m'nthaka.
Thirani Sansevieria imatha kumera kwanthawi yayitali mumphika umodzi popanda kumuika. Ili ndi chipinda cholumikizana, choncho mphamvuyo imasankhidwa lonse komanso losaya. Pansi liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi lochotsa zinyalala (miyala, dongo lokulitsa, shards). Dothi la chomera limapangidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- mchenga wowuma;
- pepala la pepala;
- turf nthaka.
Pambuyo Thirani, duwa sathiriridwa madzi kwa masiku angapo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Sansevieria amalimbana ndi matenda a chomera. Ndikungothirira kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kutentha kochepa komwe mizu yake ndi masamba ake zimasokoneza zowola, powdery mildew ndi mosaic. Tizilombo tamadontho ta mchira wa pike sakhazikika ngakhale pafupi ndi chomera china kachilombo.
Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro
Ambiri amasankhidwira ku sansevieria m'nyumba. Anthu okhulupirira zamatsenga amakhulupirira kuti chilankhulo cha apongozi chimayambitsa kusamvana pabanja komanso miseche. Zikuwoneka kuti zina zabodza sizinachitike ndi izi, chifukwa palibe umboni pamawu amenewo. Mwina Sansevieria imathandizidwadi ndi mphamvu zopanda pake za mnyumbamo ndipo zimadziyambitsa zokha mwamwano, mkwiyo komanso kusasangalala. Chifukwa chake, amasungirana ubale wina ndi mnzake, ndipo amakulanso mphamvu komanso luso lopanga zinthu.
Zizindikiro zosayembekezereka zimaphatikizapo maluwa osayembekezereka, nyengo yachisanu ya sansevieria. Izi zimalonjeza mkangano waukulu kapena mkangano waukulu pakati pa anthu oyandikana.
Zothandiza katundu
Zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi sansevieria madzi a saponins ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mpweya wabwino kwambiri. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti masamba amatenga kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa formaldehyde ndi nitric oxide.
Zidutswa zamasamba a chomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu (kutupa, kuwotcha, mabala). Amathandizira kuchiritsa kwina koyipa kwambiri kuposa momwe aloe odziwika. Decoctions masamba ali ndi diuretic ndi choleretic katundu.
Pazothandiza zonse ndi sansevieria, muyenera kusamala. Mukamadya masamba atsopano, poizoni wambiri umachitika, motero duwa liyenera kuyikidwa kutali ndi ana ndi nyama. Pa nthawi yobereka, chithandizo sichimachitika, chifukwa zomwe zimachitika zimakhudza thupi.
