Radermacher ndi mtengo wobiriwira wochokera kubanja la Bignoniaceae. Malo omwe mbewuyo idabadwira ndi Southeast Asia. Ili ngati korona wokhathamira ndi masamba ambiri owoneka bwino amtundu wobiriwira wamdima wobiriwira. Chomera chimodzi chokha, chifukwa cha ma emarcode, chimatha kubzala chipinda, kusinthanitsa zachilengedwe ndikuyeretsa mpweya. Wotsogola wokhala ndi masamba azodzikongoletsera nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mtengo wa njoka", "mtengo wa emarodi", "Chinese chrysalis" kapena "phulusa lamkati." Kusamalira ndizosavuta, koma kuti pakhale mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, zofunika zina ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Radermacher mwachilengedwe ndi mtengo wamtali, wamtali, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi mitengo ingapo. Kutalika kwake kumafikira mita 30 mpaka 40. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatha kufika mita 1. Chomera chanyumbachi ndi chocheperako, chimakhala chobiriwira, chotumphukira mpaka mamita 2. Amakutidwa ndi makungwa aimvi obiriwira.
Pa nthambi zazing'ono, masamba a cirrus amakula limodzi. Pa petioles ndi masamba owola kapena ovoid. Kutalika kwa tsamba lonse kumafika 20-70 cm, ndipo masentimita 15-25. Mapepala amtundu uliwonse ndiitali masentimita 2-4. Ali ndi mbali zazitali, zoloza komanso mbali zosalala.
Maluwawo amakhala atakwanitsa zaka 15. M'nyengo yotentha, mabelu amodzi amawoneka m'matumbo a masamba kapena mwachindunji pamtengo. Nthawi zina amasonkhana mumayendedwe otakasuka a mlengalenga. Chidutswa chilichonse chimakhala ndi pafupi kwambiri. Kutalika kwa calyx kumafika masentimita 7. Mtunduwu ndi zonona, zoyera kapena zachikasu. Nthawi yamaluwa, mtengowo umakutidwa ndi fungo la cloves, sinamoni kapena jasmine. Tsoka ilo, kunyumba ndizovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe a maluwa, koma masamba okongola modabwitsa amayenera kuti radermacher azikhazikika mnyumbamo.
Pambuyo povundukula, mabokosi ambewu yopsa amapsa. Muli ndi nthangala zazing'ono zofiirira zomwe zimakhala ndi lionfish.
Mitundu ya radermacher
Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu 17. Zambiri mwa izo ndi zazikulu, mitengo yobalalitsa, yosayenera kulimidwa mkati. Mnyumba zomwe mungapeze, makamaka, ndi radermacher achi China okha.
Chinese Radermacher (titmouse). Zitsamba zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-2 m zili ndi korona wokutira wonenepa. Patsamba lamphamvu pali masamba ataliitali a 45-50 cm. Masamba otseguka amtundu wakuda wobiriwira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso m'mphepete. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi kalasi yokongoletsa ya Rädermacher titmus Caprim. Pa mtengo umodzi pamakhala masamba ang'onoang'ono opindika obiriwira komanso obiriwira amdima. Izi zimapangitsa korona wamaluwa kukhala wokongola kwambiri.
Raddermacher mitengo. Mtengo wamtali wowongoka, wopanda masamba 5-10 m umamera m'nkhalango zowuma za India. Korona pa nthawi ya maluwa amakongoletsa kwambiri. Mankhwala a inflorescence amatseguka pakhungwa lakale la thunthu ndi nthambi zakuda, pakati pamasamba obiriwira owala mpaka 100 cm. Amakhala ndi masamba opindika. M'mphepete mwa maluwa akhota mwamphamvu ndipo adakutidwa ndi malire a WAvy. Mapeyalawo ndi oyera ngati chipale chofewa, ndipo pharynx amaponyedwa mkaka wachikasu.
Radermacher ndi wofiyira wamoto. Mtengo wamtali wokhala ndi korona yosemedwa umakutidwa ndi masamba osalaza mpaka 7 cm. Masamba a maluwa amathengo amawoneka pazomera zakale (thunthu, nthambi zazikulu). Mizu yama inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira ofiira. Mphepete mwa miyala yanthaka amatseguka kunja. Pamaluwa, mtengo umakutidwa ndi fungo labwino la jasmine.
Kubzala mbewu
Kunyumba, radermacher nthawi zambiri imafalitsidwa ndi njira zamasamba. Muzu kuti muthane ndi zodula, masamba ovuta owoneka bwino ndi odulidwa komanso chidendene amadulidwa mu Meyi-June. Gawo liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Kornevin. Kenako tsinde limazika m'nthaka yachonde-peat, yothira mosamala ndikuphimba ndi thumba. Mulinso mbande m'chipinda chofunda kwambiri ndi kuwala kosiyanitsidwa. Zomera ziyenera kupatsidwamo mpweya tsiku lililonse ndikuwazidwa ndi madzi.
Kuti mupeze mphukira wopindika, gwiritsani ntchito njira yoyatsira mpweya. Pankhaniyi, khungubwe lawonongeka, ndikupangitsa kudula ndi kukwapula. Dera lowonongeka lakulungidwa ndi moss yonyowa ndi polyethylene. Moss iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Pakupita milungu ingapo, mizu yolimba imawonekera, ndiye kuti mphepoyo imatha kuchotsedwa, nthambi ndikudula ndikuwoka padera.
Kubzala mbewu sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi radermacher chifukwa chovuta kugula mbewu. Mbewu zatsopano zimabzalidwa mpaka 5mm mamilimita mumchenga wothira bwino komanso dothi la peat. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikuchiyika m'chipinda chofunda ndi kuwala kosayatsidwa. Kuwombera kumawonekera mkati mwa masiku 8-12. Patatha masiku 20-25, wachinyengocho amadziphira mumiphika umodzi.
Malo ndi Kutchera
Kuwala Radermacher amakonda kuunikira kwabwino, koma pamene dzuwa lowongoletsa masamba, kuyatsidwa kumawonekera mwachangu. Amaloledwa kumera kumbuyo kwachipinda kapena pazenera la kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Mphukira zimayamba kulimba kwambiri kuchokera ku kuwala, choncho nthawi zambiri mbewuyo imazungulira mozungulira.
Kutentha Radermacher amakonda mitundu yosangalatsa yofunda. Kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe chifukwa ndi + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Kutentha kwambiri, muyenera kupatsirana malo mchipindacho kapena kutulutsa chitsamba kuti mule mpweya wabwino. Mudzafunika kolimba, komanso chitetezo kuchokera kukakonzekera. M'dzinja, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kutentha mpaka + 16 ° C. Nthawi yopumulirayi imalola kuti mbewuyo ikhale ndi mphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwerengera kwa thermometer sikuyenera kugwera pansi + 11 ° C.
Tikufika Kubzala mbewu ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, nthawi yakukula isanayambe. Zaka zisanu zoyambirira, ma radermacher amawokeranso chaka chilichonse, pambuyo pake njirayi imachitika zaka zonse ziwiri za 2 kapena amangotenga chimbudzi. Mbidzi yamphamvu imafunikira mphika wakuya kwambiri. Komabe, simuyenera kutola kuthekera "kokula". Poterepa, zimakhala zovuta kukhalabe chinyezi chofunikira komanso acidity.
Pansi pa mphika, mabowo amapangidwa kuti akamwe madziwo ndi dothi lakuda kapena dothi lina lokwanira. Nthaka ya radermacher iyenera kukhala ndi ndale kapena yopanda mphamvu, ikhale yopumira komanso yopatsa thanzi. Dothi liyenera kuphatikizapo zinthu izi:
- dothi lamasamba (magawo awiri);
- mchenga wamtsinje (gawo limodzi);
- tsamba humus (1 gawo);
- zidutswa za khungwa la paini (magawo 0,5).
Poika mbewu, dothi lakale loumbika limayenera kuchotsedwa popewa acidization wa dothi. Mizu imatsukidwa, kufufuzidwa kuti muvunde ndikudula malo owonongeka. Pambuyo pothana, mawonekedwe a radermacher amathiridwa madzi ndikuwasunga mthunzi.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Radermacher ndi wonyozeka, ndiwofunika kwa olimi omwe alibe zambiri kapena zapakatikati.
Chinyezi. Chipinda chimasinthasintha kukhala chinyezi cham'nyumba. Amayankha mokondwa kupopera kwa nthawi. Zimafunikira makamaka pakutentha, ngati chitsamba chili pafupi ndi ma radiators. Madzi oyeretsedwa bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, apo ayi masamba oyipa amapezeka masamba ake. Kawiri kapena katatu pachaka, tchire limatsukidwa.
Kuthirira. Chifukwa cha korona wakuda, radermacher amatulutsa chinyezi mwachangu, choncho amayenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi komanso mochuluka. Nthaka iyenera kupukuta 1-2 cm, osatinso. Madzi othirira amafunika ofewa, osamalidwa bwino. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito osasamba, owiritsa kapena madzi amvula.
Feteleza. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Epulo mpaka Seputembala, radermacher imaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza wa mchere katatu pamwezi. Maofesi oyenera apadziko lonse lapansi kapena nyimbo zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zokongoletsa masamba. Njira yothetsera vutoli imathira dothi. M'nyengo yozizira, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika pokhapokha ngati duwa limakhala pa kutentha pamwamba + 20 ° C.
Mapangidwe a Korona. Radermacher mwachangu amakula mphukira. Kutsina kukhazikitsa mapangidwe a ofananira nawo amayamba ali aang'ono. Kudulira kumachitika kumayambiriro kwamasika. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kufupikitsa ngakhale gawo la mphukira lignified, apo ayi amatambasula mwachangu komanso kufotokozera. Kuti tipeze chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira kutalika konse, mbewu zingapo zazitali zosiyanasiyana zimabzalidwe limodzi.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Radermacher atha kuvutitsidwa ndi kangaude wofiyira, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mealybug. Tiziromboti tikawoneka, mbewu zimasambitsidwa ndi samba yambiri yofunda, tizirombo timasonkhanitsidwa ndipo tizirombo timagwira matendawa (Actellik, Aktara, Karbofos).
Ngati boma la kuthirira likuphwanyidwa, mitengo ikuluikulu ndi mizu imawonongeka ndi zowola (fusarium). Matendawa amawonekera ngati mawanga akuda, akufewetsa zimakhala, komanso kukula kwakubwezerera. Ndikofunika kuchita ndikusintha ndi dothi ndikusintha madera owonongeka. Zigawo zonse zimakonkhedwa ndi makala ophwanyika ndipo chomera chimagwiridwa ndi fungicide.
Kusagwirizana ndi momwe kukula kwa radermacher kumasonyezedwera ndi kuwonongeka kwa maonekedwe awo. M'nyengo yozizira, kuwunika kosakwanira komanso zofunda kwambiri, mphukira zimatambasulidwa ndikuwululidwa. Masamba ena amatha kukhala achikasu ndikugwa. Chapakatikati, masamba atsopano amawonekera m'malo awo. Chifukwa chouma mopepuka kapena kuthirira kosakwanira, masamba amawuma m'mphepete, amataya tugor ndikugwa. Kupanda kuwala ndi feteleza kumayambitsa kusokonekera ndikuchepetsa kwa pepalalo.
Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro
Radermacher amatengedwa ngati chomera chomwe chimakhudza bwino zinthu mnyumba. Amakwanitsa zochitika za pabanja pazochitika zosangalatsa, ndewu komanso chisoni. Maubwenzi apakati pa omwe akukhala mnyumbayo akuyenda bwino, kusinthasintha ndi kuthandizira.
Amakhulupilira kuti duwa limatenga zosasangalatsa ndikuyika ena pamafunde abwino. Zomera zimawonetsedwa m'nyumba za anthu omwe amachita zinthu zauzimu zaku Eastern. Zimathandizira kukhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi malingaliro apamwamba, komanso kuteteza mwini wake ku zowonongeka ndi matenda oopsa. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chitsamba chakufa cha radermacher, yemwe adamwalira popanda chifukwa, adadzitengera yekha zoyipa zomwe zimayambitsa mwini wake.
