Msuzi ndi chitsamba chobisala chomwe chimakonda maluwa ambiri kumayambiriro kwamasika. Mtengowo ndi wa banja lankhondo. Nthenga zake zonunkhira zimatha kupezeka ku Western Siberia, komanso madera ena a ku Europe ndi Africa. Ndizoyenera kukula m'munda kapena m'nyumba. Mu Celtic mythology, broomweed imalumikizidwa ndi kukhala bwino ndikuchotsa chilichonse chosafunikira. Mwezi wathunthu umadzipereka kwa chomera, ngati kuli kofunikira kukhala ndi zizoloŵezi zoipa. Kwa munthu wamakono, nyumba yotsitsirirayo ndizokongoletsera bwino kwambiri m'mundamo, chomera chabwino ndi uchi komanso mankhwala.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Chitsamba ndi chitsamba chamtali, chopepuka kapena mtengo wotsika. Popanda kudulira, mbewuyo imafika kutalika kwa 0,5-3 m. Zosalala, zolimba zimakutidwa ndi khungwa lowoneka bwino. Mwa mitundu ina, mabala a siliva ndi kufupika kwafupika kumapezeka pa kotekisi. Nthambi zazing'ono zimasinthasintha kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo zimatha kugwa pansi mwakulemera kwa masamba ndi maluwa.
Mitundu yovunda komanso yobiriwira ilipo mu mtundu. Zomera zonse zimakhala ndi masamba a petiole. Tsamba lowoneka bwino lamtundu wobiriwira limagawidwa m'magulu atatu okhala ndi lobus yotsekemera. Zigawo za masamba apical nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa kukhala imodzi. Kutalika kwa tsamba laling'ono sikupitirira 3-4 cm.
Maluwa amayamba mu Meyi-Juni ndipo amakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Pali mitundu yamaluwa yoyambirira yomwe masamba amaphukira masamba asanafike. Mu tsamba limalakwika, timabowo tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana timapangidwa pamodzi kutalika kwa mphukira yachinyamata. Masamba otuwa amapezeka fungo labwino. Maluwa amatha kujambulidwa chikasu chowala, kirimu, choyera kapena pinki. Kutalika kwa calular m'mimba mwa belu kapena belu lokhala ndi ma petals ofewa ndi masentimita 2-3. Mzere wocheperako wokhala ndi stamens ndi ovary umakhala pansi pa petals.
Mukatha kupukutira, zipatso zimacha - nyemba zosankhwima ndi nyemba zazing'ono, zosanja. Kucha, nyemba zokha zimasweka ndipo nyemba zimabzala padziko lapansi.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mbali zonse za chomera zimakhala ndi alkaloid, momwe milingo yayikulu imayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kupuma. Iyenera kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa nyama ndi ana chomera, ndikutsukanso manja anu mukachisamalira.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu
Mitundu ya nyumba yotsala ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 50 yazomera.
Wachibale waku Russia. Chitsamba chophukira mpaka 1.5 m chapamwamba chimakhala ndi nthambi zowongoka kapena zopindika pang'ono. Mphukira imakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu wobiriwira kapena masamba apansi. Masamba onse amavala chisoti chachifumu chaminga. Mu tsamba limachotsa, maluwa akuluakulu achikasu a 3-5 amapezeka.
Tsache. Zosiyanasiyana, zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Chomera chokhala ndi chopondera chophukira, chosinthika chimapanga chitsamba chotalika mpaka mamita 3. Nthambi zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi khungwa lofiyira. Mafuta achikasu achikasu amisonkhanitsidwa kapu yopapatiza mpaka 2 cm.
- burkwoody tsache - maluwa ofiira omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa chingwe chaching'ono;
- Andreanus Splendens - pamakhala yokutidwa ndi ma banga ofiira;
- Tsache la Lena - pamtengo wofiira ndi mzere wamtali wagolide.
Creepy Wopanga Mtunda wamtunduwu ndi mphukira womwe umafalikira pansi pafupifupi 20 cm ndipo osapitirira 80 cm. Zimayambira zobiriwira zobiriwira ndizophulika ndipo zimatha kuzika mizu kutalika konse. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira kapena masamba opindika ndi 8-20 mm kutalika. Pansi pamaso a masamba okutidwa ndi mulu wakuda. Zosatheka zothetsera inflorescence zimapezeka m'matumbo a masamba. Kutalika kwa chikasu chachikasu ndi 15 mm. Maluwa amapezeka mu Epulo-Meyi, ndipo mu June nyemba zimacha. Mitunduyi imalephera kuzizira pang'ono, koma imazizira nyengo yotentha.
Tsache ndi m'mawa. Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu imamera tchire 1-1.5 m m'mwezi wa Meyi. Mu Meyi, mphukira zamtambo zimakutidwa ndi maluwa owala achikasu omwe amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu. Kutalika kwa masamba obiriwira a lanceolate ndi pafupifupi 2 cm.
Chodziwika kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsache loyambirira, Ruby Boscop. Mphukira zowongoka, zophukira zimapanga chitsamba chokulirapo mpaka 1.5m masamba opaka utoto wowoneka bwino. Ziphuphu zimakhala ndi utoto kunja ndi utoto wofiirira komanso wofiirira mkati.
Njira zolerera
Kufalitsa tsache kungakhale pofesa mbewu, kudula mizu kapena kudula. Kubzala mbewu ndi kothandiza. Nthawi zambiri kuzungulira chitsamba mutha kudziwa zambiri zodzidalira. Mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa mu kugwa kwa ma pod oscha. Mu Marichi, amathira m'madzi ofunda kwa masiku awiri, kenako amabzalidwa mumchenga wonyowa komanso peat. Omwe alimi ena amati kuti bwino kumera, mkaka wozizira wa miyezi iwiri ndi wofunikira. Mbewu iliyonse imayilidwa ndi 0,5-1 masentimita. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi yomweyo muziyiyika kutali motalikirana ndi 4-6 cm. Mbaleyi imayikidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kuwala kozungulira pamawonekedwe a + 18 ... + 21 ° C. Mbeu zokhala ndi masamba atatu enieni zimatsamira mumiphika yosiyana. Kupanga zitsamba zobiriwira, mbewu ziyenera kumanikizidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, kumuika kwina kumachitika mchombo chokulirapo. Potseguka, tsache lidamuyika mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Momwe mizu imagwiritsira ntchito simalola kuti iwonongeke, chifukwa chake ndikuyika zonse ndikofunikira kuti chikhale chokwanira.
Zidulidwa zimachitika m'chilimwe, maluwa atamaliza. Zodulidwa zimadulidwa ku nthambi zokhala ndi masamba angapo ndi masamba 2-3. Pepala lamasamba limafupikitsidwa ndi theka. Mizu imachitika mu dothi lamchenga pamtunda wa + 18 ... + 21 ° C. Zomera zimafunikira kuwala kowala. Kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa chinyezi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba mbande ndi kapu yoonekera. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1-1,5, mizu imakhala pa tsache ndi pogona poti chitha kuchotsedwa. Zidula zimakula m'nyumba yotsatira kasupe.
Pofalitsa tsache, kuyala kumagwiritsa ntchito chomera chokhacho chokhacho. Nthambi zapansi zimakanikizidwa pansi ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi laling'ono. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa, zigawo zake zidzazika mizu ndikukula. Itha kupatulidwa ndikusinthidwa mosamala kupita kumalo atsopano.
Zowongolera
Chitsamba ndi chomera cholimba, koma chikuyenera kuwaika ndi chisamaliro chachikulu. Zowonongeka kapena kuponderezedwa kwa phokoso limayambitsa kufa kwa chitsamba chonse. Chomera chachikulu kwambiri kuposa zaka zitatu sichimasinthidwa nkomwe, chifukwa chidzafa. Dothi la tsache liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lachonde. Kugwiritsa ntchito magawo okhala ndi acidic pang'ono kapena kusachita nawo mbali ndikofunikira. Mutha kutenga peat, kompositi, dothi lansomba ndi mchenga wamtsinje. Mukakumba chiwembu chamunda musanabzala, muyenera kupanga ma feteleza ambiri.
Zida zowongolera (miyala kapena miyala yofiyira njerwa) imathiridwa pansi pa dzenjelo. Chomera chimayikidwa kuti khosi la mizu likhale pamwamba. Pobzala magulu, mtunda uyenera kulemekezedwa kutengera mitundu yosankhidwa. Pafupifupi, mtunda uyenera kukhala 30-50 cm.
Kusamalira Broom
Sikovuta konse kusamalira tsache, makamaka ngati malo ake asankhidwa bwino. Chomera chimafuna kuwala kowala. Iyenera kubzalidwa m'malo omwe dzuwa limawoneka m'mawa ndi madzulo, komanso masana mawonekedwe amtundu. Makope am'nyumba akuwonetsedwa muzipinda zokhala ndi mawindo akum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwa mawindo. Kuti mbewu zamaluwa zikule bwino, zimafunika kutetezedwa ku mphepo komanso mafunde amphamvu. Mitundu yokonda kutentha imakhwidwa mumipanda, yomwe imayikidwa m'munda wamalimwe ndikubwera m'zipinda zozizira nyengo yachisanu. Mitundu yonse imafunikira kupereka kuzizira kwa nyengo yozizira mpaka + 10 ... + 15 ° C.
Tsache siligwirizana ndi chilala, koma limatha kulekerera kusefukira kwam nthaka. Mwachilengedwe, imatha kupezeka m'madzi osefukira am mitsinje pomwe kusefukira kwamadzi kumachitika. Madzi osefukira pafupipafupi nthaka amakwiriridwa chifukwa cha tsache, komanso madzi apansi panthaka. Mabasi amathiriridwa kokha munthawi yachilala kapena nyengo yotentha kwambiri.
Kuti korona akhale bwino ndipo maluwa anali ochulukirachulukira, ndikofunikira kuthira manyowa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito udzu kapena ndowe humus, yothira madzi. Kwa nyengo ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito kavalidwe ka 2-3.
Tsache limagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri azomera ndi tizirombo. Mphukira sizimakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri ndi Powdery mildew, yomwe imatha kuthetsedwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa. Nthawi zina njenjete imakhazikika pamapepala. Amachotsedwa ndikufinya ndi yankho la chlorophos.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Msuzi ndi wabwino m'mabanja amodzi kapena gulu. Masamba ake otumphuka adzatsitsimutsa malo omwe siowala kwambiri. Pa buluzi la tsache, ndikofunika kuyika miyala yayikulu ingapo, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imawoneka bwino kwambiri. Chimawoneka chokongola pafupi ndi mitengo ya coniferous, komanso pafupi ndi Heather, maluwa a m'chigwa, lavender, aadium. Mukadzala tchire mzere, mumapeza linga lalikulu.
