Pandanus (Pandanus) ndi chomera chothandiza kwambiri cha banja la Pandanaceae. Korona wake wowala amakhala ndi masamba ambiri ataliitali. Amapangidwa mokhazikika pokhudzana ndi nkhwangwa yapakati, ndichifukwa chake olima maluwa amatchulanso maluwo "kanjedza kozungulira." Dziko la Pandanus ndi malo otentha aku Africa, chilumba cha Madagascar komanso nkhalango za ku Polynesia. M'dziko lathu, pandanus wakula ngati chomera. Posamalidwa mosamalitsa, pandanus angalimbikitsidwe kwa okonda maluwa a novice.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Pandanus ndiwosakhazikika nthawi zonse, m'malo achilengedwe amatha kutalika kuposa 13 m kutalika. Thirakiti la nyumba nthawi zambiri silidutsa mita 3 kutalika. Mizu yofinya, yolimba imalowera pansi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti duwa limangokhala ndi mobisa, komanso mpweya wabwino.
Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi pali thunthu lalifupi lalifupi, lophimbidwa ndi khungwa la bulauni. Imabisika kwathunthu pansi pa masamba owoneka. Pamwambapa amakongoletsedwa ndi korona wofalikira wa masamba ambiri okhala ndi lamba. Amakula m'mphepete mwa tsinde. Leaglets kumapeto kwake ndi yolimbana wina ndi mnzake. Tsamba limakhala ndi mtsempha wapakati komanso mtundu wobiriwira wowonekera. Kutalika kwa mbaleyo ndi 60-120 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 3-8. Zilonda zazifupi koma zowala kwambiri zimakhala kumbali za pepalalo, komanso pansi pa mtsempha wapakati. Amakula m'mphepete mwa tsamba.
Mwachilengedwe, mitengo ya kanjedza ya pandanus imatulutsa maluwa chaka chilichonse. Pa mtengo umodzi mutha kupeza ma inflorescence achimuna ngati khutu ndi maluwa okongoletsedwa ngati akazi. Chifukwa cha kupukutidwa, zipatso zazikuluzikulu zimapangidwa, zofanana ndi zinanazi zozungulira. Amakhala ndi kakomedwe kotsekemera ndipo ali ndi nthangala zazing'ono. Kalanga, ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa maluwa mkati mwa pandanus.
Mitundu ya Pandanus
Mitundu ya pandanus imakhala ndi mitundu 600 yazomera, koma yambiri mwa iyo imangokhala chilengedwe. Mwa makope amkati, zotsatirazi ndizodziwika kwambiri:
Pandanus Veitch. Mtengowu umakhala ndi mtengo wachidule. Kutsika pansi, ngati kuti ndi mizu yoluka, yotsika imatsika. Zomera zamkati zimamera pang'onopang'ono, patadutsa zaka khumi kutalika kwake sizaposa 1.5 mita. Zithunzi za xiphoid zimagundika pansi ndikusunthika ngati mawonekedwe. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba ndi 60-90 cm ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5-8. Pali chingwe choyera chosiyanitsidwa ndi masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino m'mbali. M'mphepete mwa masamba ake pamakhala kuwala kofiirira.
Pandanus ndiwothandiza. Choyimira nyumba ndi mtengo wotambalala mpaka mamita atatu. thunthu wakale limatha kukhala nthambi. Pamwamba pa tsinde pamakhala korona wozungulira wamasamba oterera. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 100-130 masentimita ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi m'mphepete ndi keel.
Pandanus Sandera. Masamba olimba ngati lamba amatalika 80cm komanso 5 cm. Mizere yopyapyala komanso chikasu cha bulauni imakhala m'mphepete mwa tsamba lobiriwira.
Pandanus kubisala. Chitsamba chopingasa mpaka 4 m chapamwamba chimakhala ndi tsinde la nthambi. Pansi pake pamakweza chifukwa cha mizu ya mlengalenga. Korona ali ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi ndipo ali ndi masamba olimba owongoka autoto.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ikuluikulu, palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsa, yomwe imakulolani kusankha pandanus ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri.
Mtengo wa kanjedza kunyumba
Omwe alimi ena akudaopa kuyambitsa nyumba kunyumba. Zomwe zimachitika ndi zikhulupiriro zopanda maziko. Amati ndi minga yake amakopa mphamvu. Komabe, ngakhale opembedza mizimu samatsimikizira mtundu uwu.
Kunyumba, chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowotchera mbewu, komanso mabasiketi osoka. Mwa kutafuna tsamba la pandanus, anthu am'deralo amachotsa dzino. Minga lakuthwa ndi chifukwa chokhacho chodera nkhawa, chifukwa chake sikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mtengo wa kanjedza m'malo opezeka ana.
Kuswana
Duwa la Pandanus limatha kufalitsa ndi mbewu ndi njira zaudzu. Kubzala mbewu kumatha kuthengo, chifukwa mbewu zobzalidwa ndi gawo la zamkati mutangochacha.
Kunyumba, chomera chatsopano chitha kupezeka kuchokera ku njira zotsogola (ana) kapena kugawa chitsamba. Pansi pa tsinde pakati pa mizu ya mlengalenga, mphukira zazing'ono zimawoneka pafupifupi nthawi yonse. Ali ndi mizu yawo komanso tsamba lotulutsa. Njirayo ikafika kutalika kwa 18-20 cm, imasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi mpeni. Mizu yokhazikika mumchenga wonyowa komanso dothi la peat. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, chomera chimasintha ndikuyamba kukula.
Mitundu ina ya pandanus siyimatulutsa ana, chifukwa chake imafalikira pogawa chitsamba. Ndikofunikira kudula gawo la tsamba ndi masamba mizu. Malo odula amawazidwa makala ochapira komanso owuma mlengalenga masana. Mizu yokhazikitsidwa mu dothi lamchenga ndi kuwonjezera kwa sphagnum moss. Mbande izikhala yophimbidwa ndikuyikidwa m'chipinda chowala bwino ndi kutentha kwa + 24 ... + 28 ° C. Tsiku lililonse wowonjezera kutentha amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso wothira. Mizu imatha masabata 4-7.
Kusamalira mbewu
Malamulo osamalira pandanus kunyumba ndi osavuta. Ngakhale zomwe zili kutali ndizabwino, mbewuyo imawoneka bwino ndikukula kukula. Komabe, sizosiyana mu kukongola kwapadera ndi masamba akulu. Kuti mufikire korona wofalikira, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta.
Pandanus amafunika kuwala kwa nthawi yayitali masana komanso kuwala kowala, amatha kulekerera dzuwa mwachindunji. Malo abwino angakhale mazenera akum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Mopanda kuwala, masamba amataya mphamvu ndipo amayamba kulowa kwambiri, m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, utoto wowala umasowa. M'nyengo yozizira, masana pang'ono, kuwala kowala kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola 6-8.
Kutentha kwenikweni kwa chomera chachikulu ndi + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Kuzizira pansi + 15 ° C kumamupha. Kwa chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuti mutenge duwa la pandanus kuti likhale ndi mpweya wabwino, komabe, chitetezo kuchokera kumphepo yamphamvu yamkuntho ndi mpweya wozizira chidzafunika. Mtengo wa kanjedza sufunikira kuchepa kwaposachedwa kutentha m'nyengo yozizira.
Pandan ndiye kuti alibe chinyezi. Zimayankha bwino ndikupukutira timapepala kuchokera kufumbi komanso kupopera mbewu nthawi. Kusamalira kanjedza kuyenera kusamala kuti pasakuvulazidwe ndi ma spikes akuthwa. Mukapopera kusamba kapena kusamba, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti chinyontho sichikhazikika m'malembedwe am masamba, apo ayi zowola zimakula.
Pandanus amafunikira kuthirira kambiri komanso pafupipafupi, komabe, pakati pa kuthirira, nthaka iyenera kuwuma ndi theka. Madzi othirira amatengedwa ndikutsukidwa pang'ono. Kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala m'malo + 25 ... + 30 ° C. Ndi kuzizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa. Muyenera kuganizira za dothi.
Mu Marichi-Okutobala, mtengowo umakumana ndi madzi am'madzi opangira zinthu zabwino zam'munda. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayikidwa pansi kawiri pamwezi. Ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi kuti asatenthe.
Palma pandanus ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira bwino ku matenda ndi majeremusi. Nthawi zina, mphere kapena mphutsi zimatha kupezeka pachomera. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Actara, Karbofos) timathandizira kuthana ndi tizilombo.
Thirani
Ndikosavuta kulingalira chisamaliro choyenera cha pandanus popanda kumuika nthawi zonse. Kunyumba, imagwiridwa mosasinthika, popeza mizu ya mlengalenga ndi mobisa chimakhala chosalimba. Mbewu imadzalidwa pomwe mizu imaphimba dothi. Mphika umasankhidwa mwakuya, masentimita angapo mulifupi kuposa woyamba. Madenga azikhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thankiyo. Dothi la pandanus liyenera kukhala lopepuka ndikuchita acidic pang'ono. Lili ndi:
- nthaka yolimba;
- humus;
- dothi louma;
- mchenga.
Kugulitsa kumachitika ndi transshipment. Osakuya kwambiri kanjedza. Mizu yozungulira iyenera kukhala pamwamba. Chisamaliro chimayenera kuthandizidwa kuti musawaphwanye.
