Mu chilengedwe, pali zomera zingapo, zokongola zomwe zimakhudza ngakhale munthu wovuta kwambiri. Izi zingaganizidwe mtengo wa catalpa - mawonekedwe osazolowereka nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, kukopa maso pa maluwa, zodabwitsa ndi zazikulu, kukongola kokongola kwamasamba mwa mawonekedwe a mitima ndi zooneka zosangalatsa. Ngati mukufuna kudabwa ndi anthu omwe mumadutsa nawo, muzimasuka kuti mubzalitse m'nyumba yanu yachilimwe. Ndipotu, kuzinthu zonse, ndizodzichepetsa. Pa zosowa za chomera chothandizira kukula ndi kusamalira, werengani nkhaniyi.
Mukudziwa? Catalpa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chipatsocho ngati mawonekedwe akuluakulu a pods, otchedwa chitoliro kapena mtengo wa pasta. Ndipo kudziko lakwawo, ku North America, anthu ammudzi amamutcha "cigar" mtengo.
Choyamba chodziwika ndi catalpa
Kuti tipeze lingaliro la chomera ichi, ife timalongosola zochitika zake. Catalpa (lat. Catalpa) - Imeneyi ndi mtengo waung'ono womwe umakula pamtunda kufika mamita 15 m'lifupi ndi mamita 1 m'lifupi. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa thunthu kumafikira mamita 45.
Korona wa catalpa ndi yozungulira, wandiweyani. Masamba - aakulu, oboola mtima kapena ovate. Pezani kutalika kwa masentimita 30 ndi kupitirira masentimita 17. Pitirizani pa petioles yaitali.
Mukhozanso kukongoletsa nyumba yanu ya chilimwe mothandizidwa ndi zomera zokongola monga kukongoletsera kokongola, fodya wamaluwa, fodya wotsuka, mirikaria, alissum, echinacea, udzu wambiri wa thonje, gladioli, coreopsis ndi gloxinia.Catalpa imamera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, yaikulu, mpaka 20 cm, inflorescences ngati mawonekedwe owongoka kapena phokoso la mtundu woyera kapena kirimu womwe umapuma pakati. Maluwa okongola ngati mapulogalamu, omwe ali ndi 50 mu inflorescence, ali ofanana kwambiri ndi ma orchids. Kufiira kofiira kumachitika pafupifupi mwezi. Nthawi yoyamba ikubwera muzaka zisanu zokha catalpa. Inflorescence mu mawonekedwe ndi maonekedwe amafanana ndi makandulo a chestnuts.
Zipatso za mtengo uli ndi mawonekedwe a bokosi mu mawonekedwe a silinda, mpaka mamita 40 cm, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zipatso, monga chingwe cha nyemba. Mkati mwake muli mbewu za bullate mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 53-146. Zipatso zikhoza kukhala pamtengo nthawi yonse yachisanu.
Catalpa ndi yochititsa chidwi chifukwa kugwa kwake masamba sikutembenukira chikasu, amagwa wobiriwira pamtunda pansi pa madigiri 0. Komanso, chomeracho chimakopa chidwi ndi mfundo yakuti panthawi yomwe imafalikira, mitengo ina yonse yatha kale.
Kum'mawa kwa Asia ndi kumpoto kwa America kumadera akutchire. Monga mtengo wokongola wokhala ndi masamba akulu komanso mazira akuluakulu amakula m'madera akumwera a Russia, ku Germany, Ukraine ndi mayiko ena.
Mtengo ndi wolimba kwambiri, ndipo nkhuni zake sizowola kwa nthawi yaitali, pomwe zimakhala zofewa ndi zowala. Mmerawo ukhoza kukula bwino panthawi yotentha, mwachitsanzo, kumpoto kwa America, ku India, Australia ndi Africa. Zimakhalanso zosavuta kukhala ndi moyo m'mikhalidwe ya steppes yowirira komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Chomeracho chimaperekedwa ngati mtundu wa mitengo ndi zitsamba. Catalpa ndi ya Bignonievyh. Mtundu wa Katalp uli ndi mitundu 10. Zina mwa izo, kupatula zovuta, zimakhalanso zobiriwira. Ku Russia, chofala kwambiri ndi zisanu: bignonevidnaya, zokongola (zokongola), Bunge, ovoid, wosakanizidwa.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya catalpa imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga manja, mipando, ogona, zipilala, nyumba zamadzi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga.
Kusankha malo okula: Kuunikira ndi zofunikira za nthaka
Pambuyo podziwa zambiri za mtengo wa pasitala, tiyeni tikambirane za momwe tingakulire.
Catalpa ndi chomera chachikondi, Choncho, mukadzala, muyenera kusankha malo abwino. Kuti mtengo usawonongeke, ndikofunikira kusamala kuti malo omwe amamera amatetezedwa ku zojambula. Apo ayi, mphepo ingawononge masamba ndi kuwononga maluwa.
Catalpa imadula nthaka - imamera bwino mulimonse, koma imakhala ndi zokonda zina - imakonda zinthu zolemera, zosalala, zosakanizika, dothi lokwanira ndi lokonzedwa bwino. Sitilekerera kuchitika kwapafupi kwa madzi pansi.
Njira yobzala achinyamata mbande
Catalpa sizimafuna kuti pakhale malo apadera othawira. Ndibwino kukumba dzenje lakuya ndi kuya kwa 1-1.2 mamita ndi madzi mochuluka. Kenaka manyowa mu mawonekedwe a phulusa (5-7 makilogalamu) ndi superphosphate. Pansi pa dzenje amaika nthaka yosakaniza ya zotsatirazi:
- humus - magawo atatu;
- tsamba lapansi - magawo awiri;
- mchenga - magawo awiri;
- peat ndi gawo limodzi.
Ndizofunikira kusankha sapling ndi zaka chaka chimodzi. Iyenera kuikidwa mu dzenje kuti muzu wa mizu uli pamtunda wa dziko lapansi, ndikuwaza ndi nthaka yokonzedweratu. Anabzala mtengo mutabzala mwakuya madzi, omwe amafunika chidebe cha madzi. Mzere wa Pristvolny ukhoza kuwonetsedwa pa peat.Ngati mukufuna kukalima mitengo ingapo, ndiye kuti pakati pa mbande ziyenera kuchitika patadutsa mamita atatu. Nthawi yabwino yopangira catalpa ndikumayambiriro kwa masika.
Ndikofunikira! Mbande za pasitala zimagulidwa bwino m'masitolo apadera kapena makampani olimbikitsidwa bwino.
Kukula ndi zozizwitsa za chisamaliro
Catalpa amatanthauza zomera zosadzichepetsa. Kusamalira kwake kumakhala koyenera, kumakhala kuthirira, feteleza ndi organic substances, kupalira, kuyimitsa zowonongeka, kuteteza ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Nthawi yotentha, catalpa ikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira madzi mlungu uliwonse, pogwiritsa ntchito zidebe ziwiri za madzi pa mtengo uliwonse. Nthawi yonseyi adzakhala ndi madzi awiri kapena atatu pa mwezi.
Ndikoyenera kudyetsa mtengo mutabzala. M'zaka zotsatirazi, kawiri kapena katatu pa nyengo yokula, slurry iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (kuchepetsedwa m'madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10) - ichi chimatengedwa kuti ndi feteleza yabwino pa pasta. Mukhozanso manyowa Catalpa "Kemira Universal" (120 g / 1 m²). Asanayambe kupanga kuvala amafunika kuchuluka kwa madzi okwanira.
Kubzala ndi kumasula nthaka
Pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira, m'pofunika kumasula nthaka mumzere wozungulira, kuphatikizapo ndi udzu wamsongole. Dothi lomasula liyenera kukhala lozama - 30-35 masentimita.
Kudulira
Kudulira catalpa kumachitidwa mwaukhondo. Masika aliwonse ayenera kuchotsa nthambi zowonongeka, matenda ndi akale. Komanso, kukongoletsa tsitsi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtengo kuti apange chisoti chooneka bwino komanso chokongoletsedwa bwino.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Catalpa sichinthu chosiyana zabwino chisanu kukana. Izi ndizofunika makamaka pa mitengo yaing'ono. Choncho, amayenera kuphimbidwa m'nyengo yozizira. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kukulitsa mitengo ya burun kapena lapnik. M'mbali mwapafupi, pofuna kupewa kupewa kuzizira, mizu yowuma imathiridwa. Kutha kwa chisanu, m'chaka, malo ogona amachotsedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene ikukula, mtengo udzakhala wolimba kwambiri, ndipo chisanu chake chidzakula chaka chilichonse. Nthaŵi yozizira-yolimba mitundu ndi catalpa ovoid. Amalekerera dontho la kutentha kuti -29.° C.Izi zimachitika kuti chomeracho chimatha, koma chimabweranso m'chaka. Ndipo, mwachitsanzo, zosiyanasiyana monga Aurea, zimatha kufota pansi, kenako zimakula.
Tizilombo ndi matenda a catalpa: momwe tingapulumutsire mtengo
Catalpa kawirikawiri imakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Nthaŵi zambiri zimatha kumenyana Chipulaneti cha Spain Polimbana nalo, kupopera tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito. Ngati tizilombo sichiwonongeke, ndiye kuti zokongoletsera za zomera zimakhudza kwambiri.
Nthawi zina mtengo umakhudzidwa bowa Verticillus. Pofuna kupewa izi, m'pofunika kutsata malamulo ofunika kwambiri a zamagetsi - nthawi zonse madzi ndi kumasula nthaka m'mitengo ya mitengo. Mukayamba matendawa, amatha kuuma ndi kufa.
Kuphatikiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito catalpa mu zolemba zozungulira
Posachedwapa, zaka khumi zapitazo, catalps inangokhala m'minda yamaluwa. Masiku ano, mtengo umenewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zojambulajambula, omanga munda ndi zamtunduwu, omwe amalima mitengo ndi megalopolises ndi chithandizo chake, amayamba kukonda nawo, chifukwa amachititsa kuti mizinda ikhale yabwino.
Tikamayankhula za kubzala mumzindawu, korona ya catalpa imapereka mthunzi wabwino kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kudzala mtengo pafupi ndi masitolo m'malo opumula. Iyenso ndi yoyenera kubzala pamsewu, misewu, pafupi ndi malo ogona. 
Mtengo wa pasta umawoneka bwino mu kubzala nokha ndi gulu. Kumadera akum'mwera, nthawi zambiri amamera m'mphepete mwa magnolia, kum'mawa kwa liquidambar, ndi holly. Mafuta, osatha, zomera zamtundu angapangitsenso kampani yabwino ya catalpa. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya catalpa pamalo amodzi kumawoneka okongola.
Pali mitundu, monga Bignone Nana, yomwe imawoneka bwino kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi yomwe imakonda kwambiri anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe, chifukwa safuna malo akuluakulu obzala.
Njira zobalana ndi catalpa
Catalpa ndi yosavuta kukula pawekha, popeza ili ndi njira zambiri zoberekera: mbewu, cuttings, mizu suckers ndi inoculation. Njira ziwiri zoyambirira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Cuttings
Kudula kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Cuttings amadulidwa ku thanzi lamphamvu nthambi 10 cm kutalika. Ndi zofunika kuti ali lateral ndondomeko. Kwa rooting, amaikidwa mu mchenga wosakaniza. Mizu isanayambe, iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Pamene mizu yolimba imapangidwa ndikuyamba kuonekera, cuttings ikhoza kuikidwa pamalo otseguka.
Pakuti mtengo wa catalpa umagwiritsa ntchito njira ina yobereka - cuttings. Ikani kumayambiriro kwa masika. Cuttings kudula ndi ofananira nawo njira ndi apical Mphukira. Ndiye iwo amachiritsidwa ndi kukula stimulator ndi kuikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kusamalira cuttings kudzakhala kuli madzi, kuthirira ndi kuumitsa. Chabwino mizu ya zomera imayikidwa mu lotseguka nthaka yotsatira kasupe.
Honeysuckle capricoleum, plumeria, zamiokulkas, mkungudza wachi China, diploadiya, bilberry, plum, korium, philodendron, ndi phulusa la paphiri (aronia) amafalitsidwa ndi cuttings.
Mbewu
Mbewu ya Catalpa ikule mosavuta. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mu February-March. Mbeu zoyamba zimayikidwa m'madzi ofunda ndi kusungidwa pamenepo kwa maola 7-12, kenaka zimayikidwa mu chidebe ndi nthaka, yomwe imayikidwa pamalo omwe dzuwa limakhala losiyana. Kuchokera pamwamba iwo ali ndi dothi lochepa. Zojambulazo zili ndi filimu kapena galasi. 
Mbande ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Ngati kutentha kuli pamtunda wa + 15 ... +25 ° C, ndiye kuti mphukira idzaonekera mwezi wonsewo. Atangooneka, filimuyo imatsegulidwa. Mu lotseguka pansi mbande kuikidwa mu May.
Mbewu ingabzalidwe mwamsanga pansi. Komabe, amafunikanso kuti azikhala ndi zojambulazo. Chisamaliro mu nkhaniyi chidzakhala ndi madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
Mtengo wa pasitala ukuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, kudzichepetsa, kukana matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Musamusiye yekha ndi obereketsa, kubweretsa mitundu yatsopano ndi hybrids. Osati kale kalekale mitundu yoyambirira idafalika yomwe ili ndi masamba a golide wachikasu. Momwe mungabzalitsire catalpa, mutatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi, mukudziwa kale. Kusamalira izo sikumakhala zovuta zambiri, ndipo chisangalalo chokondweretsa chimene mtengo ungakhoze kupereka kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka autumn chiri choyenera khama lonse.
