Tsabola yamtengo wapatali ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zoyamba za nyengo, zokoma ndi zonunkhira, zokondweretsa ndi mavitamini atsopano pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira. Anthu ambiri amafuna chisangalalo kukhala nawo m'munda wawo ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito mwamsanga pamene mabulosi amakolola. Koma kodi n'zotheka kukula kokoma yamatope kuchokera ku mwala Kodi zotsatirazi zidzakhala bwino? Mulimonsemo, ndi chidwi chowona momwe ntchitoyi idzatha.
Zabwino ndi zamwano
Pofuna kuti minda yamaluwa asawonongeke, tikuzindikira kuti sizingatheke kulima yamatcheri mwa njira iyi: mtengo umene umapezeka kuchokera mwala sudzalandira zipatso ngati zomwe zimachokera ku mbewu. Chomera chamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku mwala chidzabala zipatso zing'onozing'ono ndi zowawa komanso zowawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zotsatira za chidziwitso zingakhale chipululu cha mtengo.
Komabe, n'zosatheka kunena kuti chomera choterocho n'chopanda phindu, chimakhala ndi ubwino wambiri kuti wolima wamaluwa aziyamikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino.
Onani mitundu yotchuka yamatcheri: "Regina", "Mtima wa Bull", "Revna", "Bryansk Pink", "Large-fruited", "Iput", "Leningradskaya wakuda", "Valeriy Chkalov" ndi "Diber Black".
Nyama izi:
- kulemekeza, sikutanthauza zofunikira zapadera, monga mtundu wa chitumbuwa chokoma ukhoza;
- ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu ku matenda osiyanasiyana;
- chisanu chosagwira;
- osati monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mitengo yochokera ku mbande;
- zamasinthidwa kale kuti zikhale zofunikira komanso microclimate za nthaka ndi dera.
- pamsewu;
- m'mabwalo a megacities;
- m'malo amayiko ogulitsa mafakitale.
Chifukwa cha thanzi labwino kwambiri la yamatcheri, yomwe inatha kukula mu mwalawo, ndi zopindulitsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito monga katundu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hybrids ndi mitundu yolima.
Mukudziwa? Cherry amapanga chakudya chadayi, osati wofiira kapena wachikasu, ndi wobiriwira.Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndiko kumera kwa mtengo wa chitumbuwa kuchokera ku mwala, mukhoza kugwira ntchito ndi ana kunyumba. Zidzakupatsani chisangalalo chogwirira ntchito limodzi, kutseguka pang'ono pamaso pa achinyamata a zinsalu za zinsinsi za chilengedwe, kumuphunzitseni kuti azikonda ndi kutsatira malamulo ake. Mfundoyi ndi yopambana, koma yothandiza kwambiri komanso yosangalatsa.
Tsiku lofika
Pambuyo pokonzanso mafupa, ayenera kubzalidwa pansi. Izi zimachitika ku kasupe, koma kumadera akum'mwera zimakhala zosiyana ndipo kubzala kwanthembera kungatheke, pamtundu uwu mtengo wamtsogolo uli ndi mwayi wambiri wosinthira, umakhala wamphamvu ndi wolimba.
Werengani momwe mungamere mphesa, maula, kanjedza, mtengo wa azitona, apricot, longan (diso lajoka) kuchokera ku mbewu kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino m'tsogolo.
Kusankhidwa kwa maenje
Kawirikawiri, mbewu za miyala zimamera bwino, mu 70-80% mazomerawo amakhala amphamvu komanso othandiza. Ubwino wa mbewu ndichinsinsi cha mtengo wamphamvu, wathanzi.
Mafupa amatengedwa kuchokera ku zipatso zopanda kucha komanso zowonongeka. Nkhumba yomwe idakula yomwe ikukula iyenera kukula m'deralo, chifukwa zipatso zamtengo wapatali zimachotsedwa pamene zimachokera kuntchito yotentha, kuti asatayike maulendo awo paulendo. 
Ndikofunikira! Mbeu zouma sizili zoyenera kubzala; kuphulika kwa mphukira kudzapambana bwino kuposa mwala watsopano umene umamera.Komabe, palibe amene amafesa mbewu mu Meyi kapena June, nyengo yake yachilengedwe imaphatikizapo nyengo yozizira pansi. Zipatso zimamera m'chilimwe alibe nthawi kuti zikhale zolimba m'nyengo yozizira, zidzakhumudwitsa kwambiri, kapena kufa.
Kuti mafupa akhalebe atsopano, amakhalabe ndi mphamvu zowonjezera, amaikidwa mu mchenga wouma. Inde, mchengawo uyenera kutsukidwa ndi kuwerengedwa. Miyala mumchengayi imakhala yosakanikirana, ndiko kuti, "kulenga m'nyengo yozizira" imene safa, koma m'malo mwake, iwo adzakula, kukonzekera bwino ndi kumera pamodzi.
Mukudziwa? Yamatcheri amatchedwanso "mbalame yamatcheri", mwinamwake chifukwa cha chikondi cha mbalame kwa zokoma zamkati za zipatso zake.
Kubzala Stratification
Mphungu zimamera mosavuta, koma kuti asafota ndi kufa pambuyo pake, kuuma n'kofunika.
Kukonzekera kumadalira derali, pamene mukupita kumwera, mwayi wokhala kubzala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kwa kanthawi kochepa, kuwonjezeka.
Kumwera madera: Crimea, Kuban, Krasnodar Territory, mafupa amaikidwa mu mchenga wouma mpaka nthawi ya autumn, ndiye amabzala m'nthaka. Zima zowonongeka, mafupa m'chaka amapanga mphukira zamphamvu.
M'madera omwe ali ndi mavuto aakulu: Black Earth, Stavropol, Rostov dera, zinthuzo zimayikidwa mu gawo lapansi lonyowa ndipo zimakhala kwa miyezi isanu. Kupweteka kumayamba kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ndipo kumabweretsa chilengedwe. Mvula yamkuntho yoopsa, zimachotsedwa mumsewu, kutsanzira nyengo yozizira.
Pezani chomwe chiri chokoma kwambiri mitundu yamatcheri okoma.
Mukudziwa? Kuchokera pakuwona kwa sayansi, yamatcheri, monga yamatcheri, si zipatso, koma ali zipatso, monga plums.M'madera a chigawo chapakati cha nyengo yozizira kwambiri moti mwachibadwa zinthuzi sizingakhale zovuta. Zitsulo zomwe zili ndi gawo lapansi, zomwe mafupa amaikidwa, zimasungidwa nthawi imene kutentha sikutsika kuposa 1-5 madigiri, ndipo zimabzalidwa pansi pakatha chisanu.
Ndondomeko yokonzekera kufesa:
- Sankhani miyala yayikulu ndi yamtengo wapatali, bwino ndi malire, operekedwa kuti 7-8 pa 10 adzakwera.
- Sungunulani bwino ndi madzi kuchotsa zotsalira.
- Mafupa ouma, amawafalikira pa nsalu imodzi.
Pa nthawiyi, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo siziuma, zidzakhudza kumera.
- Pambuyo kuyanika, ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa pamapepala komanso pamwamba pa thumba la pulasitiki.
- Mpaka nthawi yomwe ikufunika, mafupa ayenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa madigiri 20, nthawi zonse kuyesa ndi kuwomba.
- Mu December, ikafika nthawi yokonzekera, zinthuzo zimagwedezeka m'madzi kwa masiku 3-5, kusintha tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Tengerani nyemba zowonongeka ndi fungicidal wothandizira.
- Miyala yokhazikika iyenera kuikidwa mu gawo lapansi, lomwe lingakhale mchenga, moss-sphagnum kapena utuchi, tumizani chidebecho ku firiji kwa miyezi itatu.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthetsa firiji, muyenera kusamalira malo omwe mbeu idzapita nthawi ino kotero kuti palibe vuto losiyana ndi kutentha.
- Zomwe zili m'kalasi iliyonse ziyenera kukonzedwa mu chidebe chosiyana popanda kusakaniza kalasi.
- Pamene kasupe amabwera, tenga zitsulo kunja, kuziphimba ndi chisanu pamwamba.
- Izi zimapindula pamene zipolopolo zimatha, ndipo zina zimayamba kumera.
Ndikofunikira! Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamatcheri oyera, osati kuwaika kuti azitha kutentha mankhwala. Sungani iwo mofanana momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa. Ngati simugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zozizira panthawi yosungirako, mafupa amakhala pachiopsezo cha matenda ndi bowa ndi nkhungu.
Momwe mungabzalitsire fupa
Zipangizozo zimabzalidwa kuti zitsatire kumera mu miphika yomwe imakhala yochepa.
Cholinga chokonzekera
Mungagwiritse ntchito gawo logulitsidwa lokonzekera lopangidwa ndi masamba. Ngati dothi limene mayi adakula limakhala lokwanira, ndibwino kuligwiritsa ntchito kuti mubzalidwe, kuwerengedweratu mu uvuni. 
Kubzala mbewu
Pambuyo pa mphukira imaonekera pakati pa zipolopolo zobalalika, ndi nthawi yoti mubzala:
- Ikani madzi pansi pa mphika kapena tray, tsitsani gawo lapansi pamwamba.
- Tsekani mafupa mu nthaka ndi 1-2.5 masentimita.
- Ngati chodzala chikupangidwa mu tray wamba, m'pofunika kusunga mphindi 15-20 masentimita pakati pa zomera.
- Pokutsitsa nthaka, chidebecho chimadzazidwa ndi galasi kapena cellophane ndikuyika pamalo ozizira pawindo.
Mukudziwa? Cherry uja anali kholo la chitumbuwa, ndipo osati mosiyana. Zomwe zili zaka 8,000 BC zimasonyeza kuti anthu amagwiritsira ntchito kale lomwelo, ndiko kuti, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wodabwitsa kwa zaka 10,000!
Katemera ndi kusamalira mtengo
Kusamalira mbande zazing'ono:
- Pangakhale kusowa kwa madzi, koma kuchulukanso kumakhala kovulaza: choyamba chidzachititsa kuti mbewuyo iwononge masamba ake, yachiwiri idzayambitsa malo abwino kwa matenda a fungal, makamaka owopsa kwa zomera za maluwa.
- Pamene tsamba loyamba loyamba likuwonekera, timatcheri timayamba kudya, kubwereza ndondomeko iliyonse masabata awiri.
Ndikofunikira! Musagwiritse ntchito manyowa kapena manyowa monga feteleza, adzawotcha mizu. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenerera kwa kulowetsedwa kwa humus.
- Kamodzi pa sabata, magawo omwe ali pamwambawa akukonzekera "mvula" kuchokera ku mfuti yamtunduwu, yomwe kale idateteza nthaka ku chinyezi chowonjezera.
- Kutenga mpweya nthawi zonse kumamasula nthaka.
Ngati mitengo ngati zikhalidwe, zimakula bwino ndipo nthawi ya m'dzinja zimafika 25-30 masentimita.
M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, korona imapangidwa, makamaka ngati sichiyenera kubwezeretsanso mtengo, koma kuti asiye mu mphika. Pankhaniyi, imapereka mphamvu yaikulu pamene ikukula.
Zinthu zina zomwe zimamera mbande zimaganiziridwa momwe mwini munda akufunira kuzigwiritsa ntchito:
- Cholinga cha kukula mu nthaka, mitengo ya zaka 2-3 imakhalabe m'nyumba, kumene imasungidwa bwino. Ngati n'zosatheka kuwasunga m'nyumbamo kwa nthawi yayitali, mbande zomwe zafesedwa kumapeto kwa nyengo ziyenera kusamutsidwa kupita kumalo komwe azikhala mu Oktoba, kuti ziwalole kuti zisinthe ndi chisanu. Ngati kukonzekera koyambirira kumakonzedweratu, ndibwino kuti alole kuti azikhala m'nyengo yozizira ndikuziika pamapeto.
- Osankhidwa kukhala katundu pakati pa autumn, amachotsa masamba, kuwadula, kenako kudulira thunthu, kusiya mphukira 20 masentimita. Ndondomekoyi idzalepheretsa kukula kwa mlengalenga ndikupanga kukula kwa mizu. Mitengo yokonzedwa motereyi imayikidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba yomwe imakhala nthawi yozizira.
- Nkhumba yotsekemera yomwe ikukula mu bwatolo imakongoletsa mkati, koma wina sayenera kuiwala kuti ndi mtengo wowonongeka. Kuphatikiza pa chisamaliro choyenera, chiyenera kuperekedwa nthawi zonse ndi mapulasitiki ochuluka, opangidwa "nyengo yozizira" kwa icho, kupita ku chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa digirii 12, ndipo chimachitika kumapeto kwa msewu, komwe angadzakhale nyengo yonse nyengo isanafike.
Mukudziwa? Pokhala uchi wokongola kwambiri, chitumbuwa chimapereka 35 kilogalamu ya mungu kuchokera ku hekita iliyonse ya zomera.Pa zaka 4-5, mtengo umamasula, ndipo kenako zipatso zimamangidwa. Monga tanenera kale, iwo sangafanane ndi zofanana ndi makolo awo, ndipo ngati mukufuna kukula chokoma chokoma chochokera ku mwala kunyumba, pali njira imodzi yokha yopita - kubzala kulima.
Mukhoza kuchita katemera m'chaka chachitatu cha mtengo. Kuphatikizidwa komwe kumapezeka m'deralo, ndibwino kuti mawiri okhawo azipaka mungu. Popeza thunthu la mtengo wa zaka zitatu lili ndi pang'onopang'ono, ndibwino kuti tipeze chikhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira yogawa:- Tsinde lokonzedwa kale lomwe la mtengo wobiriwira, umene uli ndi masamba angapo abwino, amadulidwa kuti apeze odulidwa oyera.
- Nkhokweyo, inanso, imadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 15-18.
- Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndi chida choyera, chosakayika ndikuonetsetsa kuti dziko lapansi siligwera m'magawo atsopano.
- Muzuzi zimagawanika kwambiri masentimita 3-4, ndikofunikira kuti chikhalidwe chikhale bwino, kukhala ndi chiyanjano chokwanira.
- Mbali zonsezi zikulumikizidwa ndi tepi kuti mbali yothandizira ikhale panja (mungagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zochepetsera zosiyana).
- Katemera amafunika kuchitidwa ndi phula la munda.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi owopsa kwambiri chitumbuwa tizirombo ndi momwe tingawalamulire.
Pamene masamba ang'onoang'ono akuwonekera pamwamba pa mgwirizano, mukhoza kudziyamikira: katemerayu watenga mizu. Tsopano ndi koyenera kulamulira kuti kudula sikudambasula thunthu, ndikuthandizira mtengo watsopano kuti ufanane ndi zochitika mumsewu.
Mtengo wotere umasinthidwa pansi pa kugwa, ngati zikuchitika kumadera akummwera, ndipo nyengo yachisanu imakhala yotentha kwambiri.
Ziribe kanthu kuti mumadzikonzera nokha, ndikukula chitumbuwa chokoma kuchokera ku mwala, ndipo ziribe kanthu momwe zimasinthira, chifukwa chake mumapeza mtengo watsopano, umene umakhala wokondwa, ndipo simusowa kusintha.
