Amaluwa ambiri akukula osati tomato wotchuka komanso nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, komanso tsabola. Mu chikhalidwe ichi ali ndi zosiyana zosiyana ndi za microclimate zomwe zimapangidwa, chifukwa zomwe zinachitikira nthawi imodzi sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubzala chimanga chambiri m'tsogolo. Lero tidzakambirana mbali imodzi ya mbeu yosamalira mbeu - kuthirira tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha, kupeza momwe mungaperekeretse nthaka, komanso kukambirana za momwe mungakhalire ndikukula bwino. Pezani momwe mungathandizire ulimi wothirira mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Mkhalidwe wa kukula tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha
Musanayambe kukambirana za ulimi wothirira wa tsabola wa Bulgarian mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa mafuta, ndi bwino kunena za zofuna za mbeu ku malo akukula.
Sitikutha kunena kuti tsabola limadalira ulimi wothirira, motero, kuwonjezera pa chinyezi, zimayenera kukhazikitsa malo abwino, monga kukonzekera dothi, kubzala bwino mbewu, kusamalira mpweya ndi kutentha kwa dothi, nthawi zonse kudyetsa chikhalidwe ndi feteleza mchere, kupereka kuwala (dzuwa kapena kupanga), komanso kusamalira mbali zamlengalenga, kuteteza nthaka.
Cholinga chokonzekera
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti nthaka yosanjikiza iyenera kukhala masentimita 25. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mbewu monga nkhaka, anyezi, kabichi ziyenera kutsogolera tsabola. Zikanakhala kuti zowonjezereka zimakula pamaso pa tsabola, gawolo liyenera kusinthidwa, chifukwa mbewu izi zimaonedwa kuti ndizoyambitsa zoipa za tsabola.
Kubzala tsabola yoyenera
Choyamba ife timapanga mabedi a masentimita 100. Pakati pa mabedi pamakhala kusiyana kwa masentimita 50. Choncho zomera zanu sizidzasokonezana wina ndi mnzake, ndipo kuzisamalira zidzathandizidwa kwambiri. Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana / yowakanikirana, mtunda wa pakati pa zomera ndi mzere wa pakati pa 15-35 masentimita. Ngati zosiyanasiyana zimatanthauza kukula kwa mbali yaikulu, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kubwerera kwambiri, ngati chomeracho ndi "chimera", ndiye kuti timabzala mbande pafupi.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukunyamula mbande, sikutheka kuwononga dziko lapansi, mwinamwake acclimatization idzatenga nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake mudzalandira zokolola mtsogolo.
Kutentha
Pambuyo posankha mbande, kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumafunika kukhala osachepera +25 ˚С. Sitiyenera kuiwalika kuti gawolo likhale lofunda, choncho muyenera kutentha kutentha kwa masabata 1-2 musanayambe kusankha tsabola. Panthawi yoyamba maluwa, kutentha kumabweretsedwa ku +30 ˚С, kwinaku ndikuonetsetsa kuti mvula imakhala yambiri.
Pofuna kuvala, simungathe kuchita popanda iwo, makamaka ngati mubzala nyemba zomwe zimatha kupanga zipatso zambiri. Pepper mulimonsemo amafunikira "madzi amchere" ngakhale pansi pamtundu wakuti gawo lapansi liri lachonde kwambiri ndipo pali humus ambiri mmenemo. Pa nthawi yoyamba, pamene chikhalidwe chimabala mtundu wobiriwira, azitrogeni wokwanira ayenera kuwonjezeredwa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kutseka feteleza pang'ono, ndikupanga feteleza pang'ono. Kenaka, muyenera kusamalira mapangidwe a chipatso ndi kusamba kwake, kotero phosphorous. Potaziyamu, komanso kufufuza zinthu, ndi bwino kupanga pangТono pokhapokha mutenge tsabola.
Ndikofunikira! Kuvala koyamba kumachitika patatha milungu itatu mutabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Kuunikira
Njira imodzi, zomera zonse zimafunika kuwala kwa photosynthesis, kotero ngati mukufuna kukolola bwino mbewuyi, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamalira tsiku lalitali. Pepper imafuna maola 12-14 owala bwino, pamene kuwala kochepa kokwanira kudzagwa pammera (mthunzi wochepa kapena mthunzi sungagwirizane). Pachifukwa ichi, kupulumutsa pa magetsi sikuli koyenera, chifukwa kuyatsa ndilo chinthu chomwe sichikhoza kutsekedwa ndi chakudya chowonjezera kapena chinyezi china.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti dzuwa limatentha kutentha komwe kulibe mphepo, choncho penyani kutentha mosamala kuti lisapitirire + 35 ° C.
Kupanga Ground ndi Garter
Kawirikawiri, hybrids amakula mu greenhouses zomwe zimakula kuposa mamita 1 mu msinkhu. Pepper ali ndi tcheru pamwamba pamtunda, choncho nkofunika kugwira galasi, mwinamwake mtengo wamtali "umangogwera" pansi pa kulemera kwa chipatsocho. Mitengo iyenera kupangidwa muzitsulo zingapo, pamene ikuchotsa ana opeza ndi mphukira zosafunikira. Ndiyeneranso kuchepetsanso nsonga za nthambi kuti zithetse kukula.
Chitetezo cha dothi
Pepper ali ndi rhizome yovuta kwambiri, choncho ndizosatheka kuchita nthawi zonse kumasula. Pachifukwa ichi, kuthirira kumapanga chiwombankhanga, chifukwa cha nthaka ya aeration yachepetsedwa. Chotsatira chake, chomeracho chikhoza kungosiya kukula ndipo simungapezeko zokolola, kapena sizidzatha. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, muyenera kulimbikitsa kubzala ndi utuchi, udzu, udzu wouma kapena udzu (osati udzu wamsongo). Choncho mumateteza dothi kutentha, kusunga chinyezi mmenemo, ndi kuteteza mapangidwe.
Popeza zokolola zimadalira mthunzi wa mlengalenga ndi gawo lapansi, ndiye tidzakuuzani zambiri za momwe mungasamalire bwino tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa polycarbonate.
Mukudziwa? Chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 11, amonke a ku Italy anapanga njira yoyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi. Madzi a madzi anali dzenje ndi malo okwana masentimita 290. masentimita (cm), kupyolera mwa madzi omwe adadulidwa pampanikiza wopitirira (0.1 m). Mu mphindi imodzi makilomita 2.12 a madzi adadutsa mumadzi a madzi.
Ndi kangati kumwa madzi?
Tsopano tikulankhulana za ulimi wothirira tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha, kutanthauza kuti kangati mabedi ayenera kuthirira.
Ndikofunika kuti dothi likhale lopuma masiku asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri (7), malingana ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mu wowonjezera kutentha, komanso nthawi yomwe tsabolayo ili ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, chifukwa izi zimawonjezera kutentha kwa madzi.
Pakuti mbande pali chizolowezi. Malingana ndi iye, achinyamata achinyamata a tsabola asanamwele ayenera kuthirira kamodzi masiku awiri. Pambuyo pake, zomera zonse zimathiriridwa mochuluka, ndipo zimasamutsidwa ku ulimi wothirira kwa zomera wamkulu (masiku asanu ndi awiri onse asanu ndi awiri).
Kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi otentha kwambiri komanso pansi pazu. Kuwonjezera pa ulimi wothirira, m'pofunika kutonthoza mpweya. Kuti muchite izi, tsiku ndi tsiku kapena kamodzi pa masiku awiri, perekani njirayo ndi madzi, kapena kutsitsirani madzi pa mpanda wowonjezera kutentha. Ndi misa fruiting, kuthirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa kwa kanthawi. Choncho mudzawonjezera kuchuluka kwa maluwa pa tsabola.
Zotsatira za ntchito
Kuthirira tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha mutabzalidwa kumachitika mwatsatanetsatane molingana ndi malangizo, chifukwa tikuyenera kutsanulira madzi ochulukirapo monga momwe mbeu ikufunira.
Ngati dothi lopaka dothi likuyendetsedwa, ndiye kuti 500 ml wa madzi ofunda otentha ayenera kuthiridwa pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chizoloŵezi chimagwirizana ndi gawo lokhala ndi microelements ndi humus.
Malo osauka a mchenga ali ndi ake okha "miyezo" ulimi wothirira. Pepper mu gawo lotero imadalira chinyezi, chifukwa dothi la mchenga silikusunga madzi. Muyenera kupanga 1 lita imodzi pa chomera chilichonse. Madzi akuyenera kukhala osachepera 70%, ndi mpweya - pafupifupi 60%. Pankhaniyi mukamamwetsa tsabola mwadzidzidzi, Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osachepera 10-15% podirizitsa mzere uliwonse, ngati njira zodzichepetsera zowona molondola chiwerengero cha ntchito popanda zolakwika.
Kodi ndi nthaka yowopsa yotani?
Pamwamba, tinkakambirana za nthawi zambiri za tsabola wa ku Bulgeria kuti imwaniridwe mu wowonjezera kutentha, koma kuthekera kwa madzi a mmadzi komanso zotsatira za zochita zoterezi ziyenera kukambidwanso.
Ngati mutha kuthira tsabola nthawi zambiri, ndiye kuti fungus idzachulukitsa, zomwe zidzawatsogolera ku matenda a fungus. Ichi ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri mu malo otentha, chifukwa bowa amatha kudwalitsidwa kokha pamene mpweya umachepa, koma izi sizingakhoze kuchitidwa m'mabotolo, chifukwa pali kuthekera kwa zotsatira zolakwika osati ku bowa chabe, komanso pa chikhalidwe chomwecho.
Ndikofunikira! Bowa ikhoza kuonekera mu galasi la wowonjezera kutentha, kuchokera komwe liyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga. Zosamba za tizilombo tomwezi ndizoopsa osati kwa zomera zokha, komanso kwa anthu.
Ndikofunika kuti mwatsatanetsatane malamulo a ulimi wothirira ndi kuonetsetsa kuti chinyontho chimayambika m'nthaka, poganizira ubwino wa madzi wokha. Kotero, ngati mumamwa chikhalidwe ndi madzi, ndiye kuti mumayambitsa "kuzizira" mizu. Izi zidzakuthandizani kukula ndi kukula kwa tsabola, chifukwa chikhalidwe chidzaganiza kuti izi sizingatheke, choncho ndizosatheka kupanga ovary. Pachifukwa ichi, musanyalanyaze malangizo athu ndipo onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane kutentha kwa madzi musanamwe madzi.
Malamulo oyambirira ndi njira za kuthirira mu wowonjezera kutentha
Popeza tsabola amafunika madzi mozama pansi pazu, ndiye njira zambiri zothirira nthawi yomweyo zimatha. Pa chifukwa ichi, pansipa tikambirana njira zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri komanso zogwira mtima pa kuthirira tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito dothi
Buku
Kumwa madzi Pepper mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi oyenera kumadera ochepa, ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mutatha kuziika. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zitini zosiyanasiyana, kuthira, matanki a madzi, ndi zina zotero. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuchepetsa vutoli ndikuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi sichigwera pa zomera, koma kumwa madzi ndi chinyezi cha gawo lapansi sizingatheke kulamulira.
Kuthirira masamba sikungatchedwe kothandiza chifukwa sungasunge madzi, kumatenga nthawi yambiri ndi khama. Komanso, simungathe kulamulira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chimayambira pa mita imodzi, makamaka ngati mugwiritsa ntchito payipi. Kumalo otseguka, njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa madzi amatha mofulumira, ndipo mitundu yakula m'mundamo, "yopanda phindu."
Mukudziwa? Madzi amapangidwa kuchokera ku tsabola wokoma, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri anthu omwe akudwala matenda a shuga.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuthirira madzi sikungathandize pa malo otentha ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi wamaluwa omwe amadziwa bwino momwe angagwiritsire ntchito madzi.
Mankhwala
Kusakaniza makina Ndi njira yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya diameter ndi nyumba, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chomera chilichonse. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuthirira sikutsika, kotero munthu ayenera kuyendetsa madzi, kuphatikizapo kukakamiza kwake.
Mitengo ya ulimi wothirira imasiyana ndi kuthirira mwatsamba mwakuti simukusowa kuyenda kuzungulira zomera ndi phumba / ndowa ndikuwamwetsa. Mchitidwe wa chitoliro woikidwa umafuna kuti atsegule madzi, pambuyo pake iwowo apereka madzi kwa wina aliyense chomera mosiyana. Njirayi imakulolani kuthirira pepper iliyonse pansi pazu, kuchotsa ingress ya chinyezi pa masamba.
Komanso ulimi wothirira umalola kuchepetsa madzi ndipo, pokhala ndi chipangizo choyezera, kuti athetse kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuwululidwa.
Cholakwika pa nkhaniyi ndi mtengo wa dongosolo lonse, koma panthawi yomweyi, kuthirira uku kumakutetezani kuti mupewe chinyezi pa tsinde la pamwamba pa tsabola, kuchepetsa mwayi wa matenda a fungal ndi kutayika kwa gawo lalikulu la mbeu.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengo yothirira imakhala ndi tanki wotentha kuti madzi ofunda ayambe kulowa mu njira yothirira.
Mwachindunji ndi chimodzimodzi
Kuthirira kwadongosolo ndi dongosolo la kuthirira mapaipi, lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi chipangizo chapadera, osati kungoyang'anira mlingo wa madzi ogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kulandira zizindikiro kuchokera ku mpweya wa chinyezi, pambuyo pake kuthirira kumatsekedwa kapena kutsekedwa. Ndondomeko yotereyi imagwira ntchito popanda kuthandizidwa ndi munthu, komabe zimafuna kusintha koyambirira ndikupanga zochitika zomwe pulogalamuyi idzadziwa kuti ndiyomwe madzi komanso nthawi yomwe muyenera kuyigwiritsa ntchito.
Ndipotu, tili ndi makompyuta ophweka, omwe amatha kulamulira kuthirira, kuwatsogolera molingana ndi dongosolo lokonzekera.
Semi-automatic system zimasiyanasiyana ndi kupezeka kwa ntchito yaumunthu. Ngati zowonjezera zingathe kuchita madzi okwanira, ndiye kuti pulogalamuyi imakhala kuti anthu athe kutenga nawo mbali. Chitsanzo cha njira imodzi yokhayokha ndi njira yachitoliro, yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi makina oweta ulimi. Munthu amabwera ndikukhazikitsa nthawi kuti amwe madzi pamagetsi, kenaka chipangizochi chikutsegula ma valve ndikuyendetsa madzi kudzera m'mipope. Nthawi ikadzatha, njira yosavuta imagwirira ntchito komanso kuthirira.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kumadera akumidzi kumene kuli zovuta kwambiri / nyemba zobiriwira za tsabola, zomwe sizidzalola kuti chinyezi chisakhalepo. Chilengedwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo obiriwira omwe ali pamakoma a nyumba, omwe angapezeke popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yochuluka.
Kuphatikizidwa
Kusakanikirana Ndilo dongosolo, mbali yake yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi munthu, ndipo gawo lina ndilokhazikitsa dongosolo.
Njirayi imakhala yodziwika bwino m'mabuku otsatirawa:
- Kupuma kwa mphamvu (kumalola zomera kuthirira pamene chotsitsa chake chikuchotsedwa);
- pamene mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsabola imakula mu wowonjezera kutentha, kapena mbewu zina zimabzalidwa pafupi ndi tsabola (zowonongeka sizimapereka mwayi wokhala ndi zochitika ziwiri zosiyana siyana / mbewu);
- pamene kupanikizika kuli kofooka kwambiri ndipo kusinthika sikukutsegula ma valve kuti ayambitse madzi kudzera mu dongosolo.
Onaninso momwe mungamere mbatata, beets, zukini, tomato, nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha
Zolakwa za mlimiyo akamamwetsa tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kumapeto kwa mutuwu tidzakambirana zolakwa zomwe zimayambitsa kubzala kapena kuchepetsa zokolola.
Choyamba cholakwitsa - kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mapaipi ochepa. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti njira iliyonse yothirira iyenera kukomana ndi madzi ndikukhalitsa. Pa chifukwa ichi, zoonda, zofewa zofewa siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi bwino kupatsa mapaipi apulasitiki okhazikika, makamaka pa mapangidwe a chimango cha ulimi wothirira.
Cholakwika chachiwiri - kumasula nthaka. Pamwamba, tinalemba kuti nthaka ikhale yodzaza ndi mpweya. Ngati simukuyika mulch, onetsetsani kuti mutulutsira gawolo mutatha kuthirira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo muzimasuka kumasula mwatcheru kuti musamavulaze.
Cholakwika chachitatu - kuthirira mopitirira muyeso maluwa. Tsabola ikayamba kuphulika kwambiri, mlingo wa chinyezi uyenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, mwinamwake maluwawo amatha kugwa, ndipo gawo la mkango lidzataya.
Cholakwika chachinayi - kupitirira kwa nayitrogeni. Pakati pa maluwa, chomeracho sichifunika nayitrogeni, chifukwa gawo la pamwambali layamba kale, koma potaziyamu ndi phosphorous zimafunikira zambiri. Ngati muyamwa ndi nitrojeni, tsabola sichidzatha kutulutsa potaziyamu m'nthaka (chifukwa chakuti nayitrogeni imateteza potassium), chifukwa maluwa sangachitike konse. Choncho, yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni feteleza ndikuchepetsa mlingo nthawi.
Cholakwika chachinayi - kutentha kwakukulu kwambiri. Ngati kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala pamwamba +35 С, ndiye kuti inflorescences imayamba kugwedezeka, chifukwa chikhalidwe sichimafuna kutentha kwakukulu. Komanso kutentha kumachepetsa chinyezi, chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri zokolola.
Mukudziwa? Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa tsabola ku Bulgaria kumabweretsa kumasulidwa m'magazi a endorphins, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mahomoni a chimwemwe."
Izi zimatsiriza zokambirana za momwe tsabola imayenera kuthiriridwa mu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi ya kucha, maluwa kapena kukolola mbande. Gwiritsani ntchito malangizo athu ndipo mutenga nyemba zambiri.
