Nthaka ndi imodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe zambiri. Mchere wake sungakhale yunifolomu pamwamba pa dziko lapansi lonse ndipo zimadalira zinthu zambiri za geological. Kuonjezera apo, patapita nthawi, amadziwidwa ndi kutuluka kwa mphepo, mphepo, mvula, komanso kubwezeretsanso ndi zotsalira za zomera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Choncho, ndikofunikira kudziwa malo a nthaka kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino zinthu zake. Tiyeni tidziŵe mtundu wina wa nthaka - sod-podzolic.
Kodi nthaka ya sod-podzolic ndi yotani?
Dothi limeneli ndi limodzi mwa madothi a podzolic omwe amapezeka mumtambo wa coniferous ndi kumpoto. Dothi la Sod-podzolic ndi nthaka yabwino kwambiri ya podzolic ndipo ili ndi 3-7% ya humus. Zitha kupezeka m'madera a m'nkhalango ku West Siberia Plain ndi kumwera kwa East European Plain.
Mukudziwa? Chernozem - nthaka yabwino kwambiri yosanjikiza, yochuluka mu zakudya zamtengo wapatali. Ili ndilo nthaka yabwino kwambiri yokolola zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Ndicho chifukwa chake pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, asilikali a Germany adagula maekala a nthaka yakuda kuchokera ku Ukraine kupita ku Germany.Ku Russia, dothi lofanana ndilo likudziwika pa 15% mwa gawolo, ku Ukraine iwo amakhala pafupifupi 10%, ku Belarus - pafupifupi 50%. Iwo anayamba kupanga podzolization ndi turf ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'madera otsika pansi.
Pali madera angapo a dothi:
- chosowa-podzolic;
- sod-podzolic ndi podzolic yoyera;
- sod-podzolic ndi kuwonetseredwa kofotokozera;
- gleyed sod-podzolic.
Mtundu wa dothi la PodzolicDzidziwike ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nthaka komanso momwe zimakhalira, komanso mitundu ya nthaka ndi makhalidwe ake.
Chiphunzitso cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa dothi
Malinga ndi zomwe a Williams akunena, njira ya podzolic ikuchitika pakugwirizanitsa kwa gulu linalake la zidulo zakuthupi ndi zomera zokoma, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mbali imodzi ya mchere. Zotsatira zake zowonongeka zimakhalabe monga mawonekedwe a organic-mineral.
Dothi la Sod-podzolic ndilo chifukwa cha maonekedwe a biocenosis a malo oyenera a m'nkhalango kuti apange malo odyetserako nkhalango. Mwanjira iyi, nthaka ya podzolic pang'onopang'ono imakhala sod-podzolic ndipo imaonongedwanso ngati nthaka yosiyana kapena mtundu wa podzolic.
Akatswiri amasiku ano akufotokoza kuti nthakayi ikuphulika chifukwa chakuti panthawi imene mitengo ya zinyalala mumatauni ya taiga ikuwonongeka ndi zomera zazing'ono, pali mitundu yambiri ya mavitamini komanso mankhwala omwe amapangidwa. Zinthuzi, pamodzi ndi madzi, zimatsuka zinthu zamchere kuchokera ku nthaka yosanjikizika, ndipo zimasunthira kumtunda wochepetsera nthaka kuti zikhale zosaoneka bwino. Pankhaniyi, kuchepetsa silika, m'malo mwake, kumatulutsa, chifukwa nthaka imakhala yowala kwambiri.
Phunzirani zambiri za kulima ndi kudula nthaka.
Dothi la Sod-podzolic Mchitidwe wa njirayi umadalira zifukwa zingapo: nthaka chinyezi, mankhwala, mtundu wa kukula kwa zomera.
Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri mumtambo wa sod-podzolic ndi osachepera 30% a amayunitsi osagwedeza madzi, kotero zimakhala zosambira. Zotsatira zake ndizochepetseka kwa nthaka ndi mpweya ndi madzi, omwe ndi ofunikira kukula kwa mbewu.
Chikhalidwe
Dothi la Sod-podzolic likuwonekera chifukwa cha sod ndi njira za podzolic pansi pa minda ya udzu wouma, pamene akuyang'anira boma la leaching.
Nkhoswe yokhayo imaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa zakudya zamtundu, humus, mabotolo komanso mawonekedwe a madzi osagonjetsedwa ndi zomera. Zotsatira za izi ndi kupanga mapangidwe a humus-accumulative.
Phunzirani momwe chimapangidwira ndi momwe zimathandizira nthaka.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kuchuluka kwa humus m'nthaka zimenezi kumatsimikizira kuchepa kwake kwa pamwamba, ndiko kuti, ali ndi chivomezi chochulukirapo kusiyana ndi chizoloŵezi chodziwika bwino cha podzolic. Kawirikawiri, nthakayi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwachilengedwe ndipo imakhala pakati pa nthaka yamchere ya dera la taiga. 
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe zomwe zimadalira ndikuthandizira kuti chonde chikhale chonde.
Mbiri ya nthaka iyi ili ndi zigawo zitatu:
- Kuthira kwa sod kumtunda ndi pafupi masentimita asanu.
- The humus wosanjikiza ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20.
- Podzol wosanjikiza.
Mankhwala amapangidwa ndi maonekedwe
Dothi la Sod-podzolic limasonyeza kutsika kochepa kwa sod wosanjikiza, gawo lakumwamba laphwanyidwa mu ma oxides, kupindulitsa pang'ono kwa silika ndi kuyanjana kwa kutuluka kwa nthaka. Ndiponso, chifukwa cha zowonongeka zowonongeka kwa haidrojeni, zimakhala zowonongeka kapena zamphamvu kwambiri (pH kuchokera 3.3 mpaka 5.5) ndipo zimafuna kusinthika.
Mukudziwa? Mwamsanga ndi malo ena owopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi nthaka yachinyontho yokhala ndi mchenga, yomwe ili pansi pake ndi madzi ambiri. Pambuyo pa mchenga wooneka ngati wamba, munthu amadwala ndikuyamba kuyamwa pang'onopang'ono. Chotsatira chake, woperedwayo sadzalowa mu mchenga kwathunthu, koma chifukwa cha mphamvu yamphamvu ya mchenga wouma, sitingathe kutuluka popanda thandizo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa mchere zimadalira miyala yopanga dothi ndipo imakhala yofanana ndi mitundu ya podzolic. Mavitaminiwa amadziwika ndi calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), hydrogen (H) ndi aluminium (Al), ndipo popeza aluminium ndi haidrojeni amapanga mabwinja ambiri, gawo loyambira m'mwamba limakhala losapitirira 50%. 
Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi sod-podzolic dothi Kuonjezerapo, dothi la sod-podzolic limadziwika ndi phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni. Kuchuluka kwa humus kumachepetsedwa kwambiri ndi kuya ndi loamy mitundu ndi 3-6%, ndipo mumchenga ndi mchenga ndi 1.5-3%.
Tikayerekezera dothi la sod-podzolic ndi dothi la podzolic, ndiye kuti tikhoza kuzindikira mphamvu zawo zamadzi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomveka bwino komanso zowonjezereka zimadzaza ndi humus. Choncho, mu kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zaulimi, dothi la sod-podzolic limasonyeza kubereka kwakukulu.
Ndikofunikira! Zomera za nthaka zimasiyana kwambiri malingana ndi dera. Mwachitsanzo, dothi la Middle Urals lili ndi calcium, potassium, magnesium ndi chitsulo chochepa poyerekeza ndi gawo lalikulu la Russia.
Mmene mungakulitsire chonde
Dothi la Sod-podzolic silili lachonde kwambiri, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zochepa za humus, osauka mchere, zochepa za aeration ndi mkulu acidity. Koma popeza kuti ali ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri m'deralo, vuto limayamba kuwonjezeka kuti abereke bwino kuti apeze zokolola zabwino.
VIDEO: MMENE MUNGACHITIRE MFUNDO ZONSE ZA ACIDITY Pofuna kuti zinthu zizikhala bwino m'nthaka, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza, ntchito zina ndi zofunika. Choyamba, acidity ya nthaka iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi liming. Mlingo wa laimu amawerengedwa kuchokera ku acidity yoyamba ya nthaka ndi mtundu wokonzedwa wa zipatso mbewu. Ndizomveka kuwonjezera njira yothetsera laimu kamodzi pakatha zaka zinayi ndipo pansi pa zomera zimenezo zimakhala zabwino, monga nkhaka kapena kabichi.
Mudzapeza kuti ndiwothandiza kudziŵa kufunika kwa nthaka acidity ndi momwe zimakhudzira zomera, kaya n'zotheka kudziwa acidity yokha, momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.
Mu dothi ngatilo, kawirikawiri kusowa kwa nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, kotero kuti feteleza zamchere zisamaiwale. Ndipo ngati mukukonzekera kukula, mwachitsanzo, shuga beet, ndiye nthaka iyenera kupangidwa ndi boron ndi manganese. 
Kulimbana ndi nthaka Pogwiritsa ntchito mchere wosakanikirana, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti gawo lachonde ndiloling'ono, ndipo, pokhala lochuluka kwambiri, n'zotheka kusasakaniza ndi podzolic, koma kulikweza mmwamba. Choncho, muyenera kupita pang'onopang'ono mosamala, kusakaniza nthaka bwino.
Phulusa la Dolomite ndi phulusa la nkhuni ndi nthaka yabwino kwambiri yowonongeka.
Kusamala mwachidwi komanso kuchita zofunikira kumathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino, kuchepetsa podzolic wosanjikiza ndi kubweretsa zotsatira zooneka ngati zokolola zabwino.
