Sayansi yamakono yamakono imayesetsa kupereka mlimi zotsatira zabwino mwamsanga, ndikumasula nthawi ya ntchito zina. Choncho panabuka mtundu wosakanizidwa, wodzichepetsa polima, oyambirira ndi kucha. Mmodzi wa mabungwe amenewa ndi "mtundu wonse" wa "Miranda", yemwe makhalidwe ake ayesedwa kale ndi nthawi.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Mitundu yambiri "Miranda" inabweretsedwa ku Moscow zaka zoposa makumi awiri zapitazo. M'chaka cha 2003, adalembedweratu m'mabuku asanu ndi awiri (Central Black Earth, Central, North ndi North-West, Volga-Vyatsky ndi Middle Volga, komanso North Caucasus).
Izi zosiyanasiyana ndi parthenocarpic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zipatso zimapangidwa popanda kupululutsa, komanso alibe mbewu, zomwe zimapangitsa masamba kukhala ofunika kwambiri kwa ulimi wowonjezera kutentha. Mbewu ndi nthambi, imakhala yolimba, yayitali.
Mukudziwa? Nkhaka ndi masamba akale kwambiri omwe amadziwika kwa anthu kwa zaka zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Makolo ake amaonedwa kuti ndi liana ochokera ku South Asia.Masamba ndi osakaniza kukula, osakanikirana komanso osalala. Mazira a m'mimba mwa chifuwa chimodzi cha tsamba akhoza kukhala oposa atatu. Zitsamba zili ndi mizu yabwino; kutalika kwa chitsamba chimodzi kufika mamita 4 pansi pa zinthu zabwino. Pali malingaliro odzala nsimba - osaposa zomera ziwiri pa mita imodzi.
Kukula mwamsanga ndi zokolola zambiri zimapangitsa nkhaka kukhala yokongola kwambiri kwa anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe, makamaka popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi imakula bwino m'madera ang'onoang'ono. Komanso, sakusankha za kukula kwa zinthu ndipo amamva bwino kumtunda.
Dziwani zambiri za kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka monga "Claudia", "Herman", "Kibriya", "Berendey", "Aquarius", "Bouquet", "Green Stream", "Ecole", "Merenga", "Buyan" , Crispina, Cupid, Spino, Mamenkin Favorite, Shosh ndi Moscow Nights.
Izi zimapangitsa kulima kulima ngakhale kumpoto (kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya mmera). Dothi la kutentha si loopsa kwa masamba, ndipo nyengo ndi yoipa (zotsatira za chisanu chochuluka ziyenera kupewedwanso, mtundu wosakanizidwa sungalekerere izi).
Pambuyo kukolola, nkhaka ili ndi mauthenga kwa sabata lonse, ngati kuti idayang'ambika pabedi. Miranda akulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, monga powdery mildew, fusarium kapena maolivi. 
Koma pali zovuta ngakhale ngakhale zosiyanasiyana. Zimayambitsa matenda a bacteriosis - matenda omwe chipatso chimaphimbidwa ndi kuwala kofiirira mawanga. Zipatso zing'onozing'ono panthawi yomweyo zingathe kukhala zofooka, ndiyeno, zofooketsedwa, ziwonekere ku matenda ndi kuvunda kwa madzi.
Chosavuta chachiwiri ndi chakuti osasonkhanitsidwa pa nkhaka nthawi amatha kupereka mauthenga chifukwa cha kucha msanga. Komabe, mwachilungamo, timadziwa kuti vutoli ndilo mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka.
Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
Nkhukazo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana ndi nthiti zosaneneka. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chipatsocho chimafika pa masentimita 11 ndipo chimakhala cholemera 100-110 g. Ubwino umodzi wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi kusowa kwachisoni mu chipatso, komanso yowutsa mudyo, thupi lophwanyidwa. Khungu ndi lakuda, mitsinje yoyera ndi yotheka. 
Zosiyanazi sizangokhala zonyansa chabe, koma zolemba zapamwamba kwambiri! Amamera mkati mwa masiku 45 kuchokera nthawi yobzala, ndipo mbeu imatha kukolola patatha masabata awiri.
Ali ndi zokolola zazikulu - mosamala bwino kuchokera pa 1 lalikulu. Mitengo ya munda imatha kusonkhanitsa 6 makilogalamu a nkhaka. Zipatso za "Miranda" zikhoza kudyedwa mwamsanga, mwatsopano, ndipo mukhoza kukonzekera nyengo yozizira m'mabanki.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Pezani mbande bwino m'masitolo apadera kapena malo odyera. Kotero pali chitsimikizo chakuti simudzasocheretsedwa ndi mtundu wa mbewu. Njira ina ingakhale yamtundu uliwonse wamaluwa, kumene mitengo ya mbande ndi yotsika kwambiri. Pogula, funsani mwatsatanetsatane zomwe nthaka, zomwe zidyetsa mbande. 
Posankha mbande, mvetserani momwe zimakhalira. Ayenera kukhala ndi zimayambira komanso masamba, komanso mtundu wobiriwira wooneka bwino. Kuwombera msanga m'nthaka kumabala bwino masabata atatu.
Ndibwino kuti mugule mbewu ndikukula mbande nokha. Choyamba, njira iyi idzakuwonongerani pang'ono. Chachiwiri, mudzadziwa momwe mwakula ndikudyetsa nkhaka zanu.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Dothi lokongola kwambiri ndi loamy ndi mchenga. Ndi acidity, sayenera kulowerera ndale kapena ochepa pang'ono, okhala ndi pH osachepera 7.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za nthaka zomwe zilipo, momwe mungakulitsire chonde, momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity pa nthaka pamalowa, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.
Kukonzekera kwa dzuŵa kumayamba m'dzinja, pamene feteleza za mchere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku malo omwe akufuna kukwera. 
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, nthaka imakumba kufika masentimita 20. Kenaka, theka la pamwamba pake ndi rake limasakanikirana ndi humus. Pambuyo pake, amamwetsa ndikuphimba malowo ndi filimu kuti athetse bwino nthaka musanabzala mbewu.
Malo abwino odzala malo athu osakanizidwa ndi malo odyetserako madzi, monga chinyezi chokwanira komanso chopatsa thanzi. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsamba zokolola za dacha, ndiko kuti, kutenga nthaka pansi pa udzu.
Ndi bwino kudzala nkhaka pambuyo pa nyemba, pambuyo pa dzinja la rye ndi tirigu. Amapindulitsa nthaka ndi nayitrojeni, komanso amamasula danga msanga, kuti athe kukonzekera kubzala.
Mavuto akukula
Miranda amakonda kuunikira bwino - amafunika malo otseguka, dzuwa. Kutentha mumtunda wa 24-28 ° C ndibwino kwambiri. Mu 30 digiri ya kutentha mbewu imamva bwino komanso imakhala ndi chilala. 
N'zosatheka kusankha kubzala nkhaka za nthaka ndi madzi pansi. Chikhalidwe ichi chidzapanga chinyezi chokwanira, ndipo mizu ikhoza kuvunda.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
Mitengo yambiriyi imatha kukula kuchokera ku mbewu, ndipo mukhoza kupanga mbande. Zomwe amaluwa amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiri.
Werengani zambiri za nthawi yoyenera kubzala nkhaka za mbande, komanso momwe mungabzala nkhaka za mbande.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Musanafese mbande, mbewu zimakonzedwa:
- Kutentha mkati mwa masabata awiri (betri kapena kuwala kwawindo lawindo la dzuwa likuyandikira);
- Sungani mbewu, kuchotsa mbewu zofooka ndi zowonongeka;
- chokha;
- osambitsidwa m'madzi oyera.
Video: Kukonzekera mbewu za nkhaka kubzala Pofuna kuvala mbewu, sungani nyembazo mu chidebe ndikuchiphimba ndi ufa wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi thiram (TMTD), gwedeza bwino ndikuyimira mphindi zingapo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalephera kubzala, ndipo timatetezera mbewu ku nkhungu ndi muzu zowola.
Zokhudzana ndi malo
Popeza mizu ya nkhaka ndi yofooka kwambiri, mbande zimabzalidwa bwino m'mitsuko yambiri (makapu, mapepala). Ndiye zida izi zimayikidwa mu bokosi wamba.
Mukudziwa? Nkhaka zili ndi chitsulo osati kungowonjezera hemoglobin, komanso zimathandiza kuyeretsa magazi.
Mukhoza kugula nthaka yapadera, ndipo mukhoza kupanga nthaka yokha. Kuti muchite izi, tenga gawo limodzi la mchenga wa mtsinje, magawo atatu a peat, nthaka yomweyi ndi humus. Pa chidebe cha izi osakaniza add 5 g wa urea, 10 g wa superphosphate ndi 30 g nkhuni phulusa. 
Mbewu zikamabzalidwa, mabokosi a mbande amaika pansi pawindo kumbali yakumwera kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha, ponyamula filimuyi. Pambuyo pa kuwoneka kwa mphukira zoyamba, filimuyo imachotsedwa.
Njira yobzala mbewu
Makhalidwe a mbande amadzazidwa ndi nthaka ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera. Amafunikira kutenthetsa mizu kuti nkhaka zikule ndikukula bwino. Mbewu imafesedwa pa mbande kwa masiku 25 isanayambe kukonzekera kubzala.
Mu selo imodzi samayikidwapo kuposa mbewu ziwiri. Choyamba, amaikidwa pamwamba pa chikho ndi nthaka, kenako amawaza nthaka 1.5-2 masentimita. Pambuyo pake, malo odzala ayenera kukhala owazidwa pang'ono ndi madzi ofunda. Kuthirira sikufunika kuti mbeu isagwe pansi.
Video: Kubzala mbewu za nkhaka kwa mbande Kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zonse ndipo ndi madzi ofunda okha. Mabokosi amaikidwa kuti apitirize kugwa kwa dzuwa. The momwe akadakwanitsira kutentha kwa mbande zilipo sizitali kuposa 22 ° С ndipo osati apamwamba kuposa 24 ° С.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati simungathe kumwa madzi nkhaka, chipatsocho chimawoneka chakuwidwa.
Kusamalira mmera
Pasanathe sabata mutabzala, mphukira zoyamba zikuwonekera. Mvula yowonongeka komanso yosavuta nthawiyi ndi yofunika kwambiri, choncho musaiwale za dzuwa. Madzi okwanira akupitirirabe. Ngati zomera zimagwera pamalo othuthuka ndikukhala komweko kwa mlungu umodzi, mphukira yamtunduwu idzafikira kuwala, kukhala wochepa thupi, wotalika komanso wofooka.
Ngati nyengo ili mvula kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo dzuwa silikukwanira, mukhoza kutumiza nyali kwa mbande. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti maola 10 pa tsiku zomera zimalandira gawo lawo la kuwala ndi kutentha. 
Pambuyo masiku 30, zimamera kuchokera masamba atatu mpaka asanu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi nthawi yoti muwapatse iwo kukhala wowonjezera kutentha kapena munda wotseguka. Izi kawirikawiri kumapeto kwa May, pamene nthaka imatenthedwa kufika 15 ° C.
Kuwaza mbande pansi
Chilichonse chimene mungasankhe, kunja kapena kutentha, nthaka ikhale yokonzeka. Zimamasulidwa, zodzaza ndi mpweya, komanso zimakhala ndi umuna. Kuti aeration, utuchi kapena masamba amatha kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka.
Mbande ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala muzitsulo kuti zisamawononge mizu yovuta. Mbeu zowonjezera - kusuntha chomera pamodzi ndi phula loponyera pansi.
Ngati mupanga trellis ndi nkhaka, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa kubzala sikuyenera kudutsa zomera ziwiri pa 1 lalikulu. M = Ngati mukukhalabe, kufalikira kumaloledwa pang'ono - 3-4 zomera pa 1 lalikulu. m 
Kuwongolera kwake ndi motere:
- mtunda pakati pa mabedi ndi 0.2 mamita;
- Mtunda pakati pa mizere - 0.5 mamita.
Cholinga ichi, choyamba, chimakulolani kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wopita ku mabedi kukolola, ndipo kachiwiri, kumalimbikitsa mpweya wabwino. Kudyetsa kwakukulu kungayambitse chinyezi chosafunika, ndipo matenda osiyanasiyana adzawonekera pa masamba chifukwa cha damp.
Ndikofunikira! Chomeracho sichiwopa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 5-10 ° C.
Zitsamba "Miranda" amamva bwino pa kutentha kuchokera 22 ° C mpaka 27 ° C, koma kutentha kwa 30 ° C kungakhale ndi zotsatira zolakwika pa chitukuko chawo ndi zokolola.
Video: kukulitsa nkhaka mbande pansi
Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera
Nkhaka zowonjezera za Parthenocarpic zili ndi chinthu chimodzi - simungapeze mbewu zobzala kuchokera ku zipatso zopitirira. Tiyenera kupita ku masitolo apadera nthawi zonse.
Ndi bwino kugula mbewu m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo ndi okhawo omwe ali otchuka, otsimikiziridwa. Adzalongosola mwatsatanetsatane zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe mumasankha, komanso zomwe zilipo.
Pezani pamene kuli bwino kudzala nkhaka pamalo otseguka.
Zochitika kunja
Mbewu za "Miranda" zikhoza kubzalidwa pamtunda m'munda, komanso mu wowonjezera kutentha. Zowonjezera kutentha zimakhala zabwino chifukwa izi zosiyanasiyana zinapangidwira makamaka mtundu wa kulima. Ndikofunika kuti muzitsatira luso lamakono ndikutsitsimutsa chipinda. 
Malo obzala nkhaka m'munda wotseguka ayenera kukhala wokwanira dzuwa, osati shaded, makamaka pakati ndi kumpoto. Kum'mwera kwa dzikoli, kuthekera kwa kuunika kwa maola angapo patsiku kumaloledwa. Sitiyenera kudzala masamba m'mapiri kapena mabowo, komwe madzi amatha kutuluka, ndipo mpweya wozizira udzayambiranso.
Sankhani malo omwe amatetezedwa pang'ono ku mphepo yamkuntho (mwachitsanzo, kumbuyo kwa nyumba kapena pafupi ndi mitengo). Mphepo imalira dothi ndikuchepetsa mpweya.
Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa May, n'zotheka kubzala mbeu mwachindunji pansi: chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti dothi lakhala litentha mpaka 15 ° C. Kutuluka kumapangidwa malinga ndi dongosolo 50x50 (mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi mabedi). Mbewuyo imamizidwa mu dzenje 2-3 masentimita akuya.
Video: kubzala mbewu za nkhaka poyera
Kuthirira
Kuthirira mutabzala mbewu kumachitika tsiku ndi tsiku, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi. Mubwino, osati nyengo youma, nkhaka imathiridwa masiku atatu. Ngati mvula imagwa, kuthirira sikufunika. Ngati nyengo ikuwotcha ndipo dothi limauma mofulumira, ndiye kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku kumaloledwa.
Madzi nkhaka makamaka madzulo, pamene dzuŵa silidzakuthandizani kuchita kanthu.
Ndikofunikira! Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda ndi osiyana, choncho, kukonzekera ulimi wothirira kuyenera kupangidwa pasadakhale.
Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
Kuti mizu ikule, ndi chinyontho m'nthaka kuti chikhalepo, zomera zimayambira ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka. Ponena za kumasulidwa, ndiye kuti nkhaniyi iyenera kusamalidwa, chifukwa cha kuya kwake. 
Mzu wapafupi ndi masentimita 5 okha kuchokera pamwamba pa nthaka ndipo zimakhala zosawonongeka, ndipo zimawononge zomera zonse. Zomwezo zimapita kwa weeding. Nthawi zina ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa namsongole ndi dzanja kusiyana ndi kuikapo chiopsezo.
Ngati mutatha kuwerengera molondola chilichonse, ndibwino kumasula nthaka pakati pa mizere mpaka kuya 4 cm. Izi zimachitika mutatha mvula kapena madzi okwanira ochulukirapo kuti madzi asatulukidwe sizimapanga kutumphuka kutsegula mwayi wa mpweya ku mizu. Monga chida chogwiritsira ntchito phala, mapepala kapena zipangizo zina, mwanzeru yanu.
Masking
Popeza zosiyanasiyana "Miranda" zimatanthawuza kukula msinkhu komanso osati mungu wochokera kuthupi, chofunikira chapadera cha pasynkovanii sichikuwuka.
Zingakuthandizeni kuti muwerenge nthawi komanso momwe mungamamatire nkhaka.
Akatswiri, mulimonsemo, musapereke malangizo pa nkhaniyi. 
Ngati mukudandaula za zomera zanu ndipo mukuda nkhaŵa ngati sangapite kuwononga zokolola, mukhoza kuwonetsa nambala zitatu kapena zinayi zoyamba za lashes.
Ndikofunikira! Izi ziyenera kuchitika nthawi, pamene ana opeza amakhala masentimita 3 mpaka 6. Panthawi ina, ndondomekoyi siilondola.
Belt girter
Kuchokera ku nthambi ya chomera, njira yabwino yopitira ndikupanga trellis. Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, pamene tchire tating'ono takhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, zimamangiriridwa ndi zingwe zotambasula kuti zikule.
Phesi imakhala yokutidwa ndi twine pang'ono kuposerapo zitsulo ndipo zimamangidwa ndi chovala, osati zomangira. Pambuyo pake, pamene tsinde limakula, limatsogoleredwa mosamala, litakulungidwa chingwe. Kutentha kotereku kumawoneka mwaukhondo ndi kokongola, ndipo kufikira kukolola ndi njira yosamalirako ndikosavuta.
Video: kagawo kakang'ono Kumunda wotseguka panaika galasi ndi maselo akuluakulu, zomwe zimathandiza kukula kumayambira. Njira iyi imangopulumutsa malo ndipo imathandizira kuti zikhale zochepa - zimapangitsa kuti kukula ndi chitukuko chazitsamba chikhale bwino, ndipo chifukwa chake, zokolola zambiri.
Kupaka pamwamba
Makanda a Miranda amafunika kudya nthawi zonse kuti mizu ipeze mchere komanso zakudya zamtundu (monga calcium). Nthawi zambiri ndondomekoyi ndi kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Pankhani iyi, feteleza ayenera kusinthidwa: poyamba, mchere, kenako organic, pambuyo pake - zovuta.
Ndikofunikira! Mizu yopangira zovala zabwino m'chilimwe. M'nyengo yamvula ndi bwino kupopera masamba.
Chovala chovala chamchere:
- chifukwa mizu - 10 g wa urea ndi 60 g wa superphosphate kusungunuka 10 malita a madzi;
- masamba - 20 g wa superphosphate pa 10 malita a madzi.
Fetereza:- chifukwa mizu - 250 g wa phulusa pa 10 malita a madzi;
- Ma masamba - nyengo yoyeretsedwa imatsanuliridwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha imodzi, imakhalapo kwa masiku awiri.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za momwe mungadyetse nkhaka mutabzala pansi komanso pa maluwa ndi fruiting.
Kudyetsa kumachitika madzulo, mwamsanga pambuyo pa chinyezi chabwino. Mukhozanso kuchita izi pa tsiku lamitambo mvula itagwa. Ndikofunika kuti musatenthe masamba, choncho feteleza kuthira madzi amatha kutsogolo, popanda kupopera mbewu, kapena malo opanda ufulu pakati pa tchire.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Nkhaka hybrids ndi zotsutsana kwambiri ndi matenda ndi matenda. Komabe, slugs ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimakhala zovuta, makamaka m'nyengo yamvula, ndipo matenda a bakiteriya, omwe amadziwika kuti "malo amodzi," akhoza ngakhale kugunda nyama zolimba kwambiri.
Ndibwino kuti musamayembekezere kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo ndi mavairasi, koma kuti tipiritsire trellis pasanakhale, mazirawa asanakhazikike. Njira yabwino kwambiri yopezeka lero ndi mankhwala - mankhwala ophera tizilombo. 
Pamaphukusi awo nthawi zonse muli malangizo omveka bwino momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawo nthawi ndi nthawi. Tsatirani izi mwaluso mosamalitsa.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Mbewu yokolola mwamsanga ikafika pakufika kukula kwa masamba (kwa ife ndi 10-11 masentimita). Pa nthawi ya kucha zipatso, nkhaka zimakololedwa kamodzi patsiku kuti zisapse ndi kupatsa mpata kuti zikhale zatsopano.
Mukasankha nkhaka, nkofunika kuti musawadye.Mwanjira imeneyi mumapweteka zimayambira. Ndi bwino kutenga mabulosi a m'munda ndikudula masamba okoma. Ndikofunika kupatulira nkhaka kuti tsinde likhalebe m'malo mwake. Mwinanso simungathe kupotoza zikwapu muzokolola.
Kukolola kumachitika m'mawa kapena madzulo, nthawi yomweyo kukunkha masamba obiriwira mumthunzi. Zomera zatsopano zimasungidwa kwa kanthawi kochepa, ndipo ma hybrid Miranda, ngakhale m'firiji, sakhala nthawi yaitali kuposa sabata. 
Komabe, pali zizoloŵezi zina. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kudula nkhaka pamodzi ndi phesi ndikuyika mu chidebe ndi madzi ndi miyendoyi pansi. Payenera kukhala madzi pang'ono ndipo ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse (kamodzi kamodzi masiku angapo). Njirayi idzawonjezera moyo wa ndiwo zamasamba kwa sabata limodzi ndi theka.
Mukudziwa? Ngati nkhakayi yasambitsidwa bwino, imafalikira ndi dzira loyera ndipo lizisiyeni pang'ono, ndiye mutha kuchita popanda firiji ngakhale popanda chipinda chapansi.
Atakulungidwa mu polyethylene, nkhaka idzakhala ndi masiku asanu motalika kusiyana ndi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa nthawi yayitali.
Mavuto ndi malingaliro
Ngati simungakwanitse kuthirira, nkhaka ikhoza kukula ndi kupotoka. Ngati nthawi yomweyo amatha kutentha kwambiri (pamwamba pa 30 ° C), pamakhala masamba a chikasu pa masamba onse komanso pa nkhaka okha, zomwe zimachepetsa kukonda kwawo katundu. 
Choncho, perekani madzi okwanira ndi kukwera pamwamba. Kwa zaka zambiri, zochitika za Miranda zatsimikiziranso makhalidwe ake apamwamba mobwerezabwereza. Kulima kwake kulipo ngakhale kwa woyang'anira minda yamaphunziro.
Zonsezi ndizo - dothi lapadera, mbewu, kapangidwe ka feteleza okonzeka. Chinthu chimodzi chimakhala chimodzimodzi nthawi zonse: ntchito iyenera kukhala yosangalatsa. Ndiye mudzalandira zonse zokolola ndi zosangalatsa.
