Kwa anthu ambiri, nkhunda - mbalame zozoloŵera zomwe nthawi zina simukuzindikira ngakhale kupezeka kwawo. Komabe, pa intaneti mukhoza kupeza mfundo zambiri zokhudzana ndi mbalamezi, yodziwa ndi oyimira oyambirira a banja la Golubin ndikuphunzira mfundo zachilendo za khalidwe lawo. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa chifukwa chake nkhunda zimagwedeza mitu yawo ikuyenda, tikupempha kupeza yankho limodzi.
Chidziwitso cha nkhunda
Oimira nkhunda zamtunduwu, makamaka anthu a mapiko a buluu, angapezeke m'makontinenti onse. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu 35. Kubwezedwa kwa thanthwe la njiwa kunachitika pafupi zaka 5-10,000 zapitazo, tsiku lenileni silidziwika.
Mukudziwa? Nkhunda yamtengo wapatali kwambiri - woyimira masewera oteteza masewera ndi chipale chofewa-anagulitsidwa pa malonda ku Britain chifukwa cha $ 132.5,000.
Zithunzi (ziwerengero, ndalama zasiliva, zojambulajambula) zokhudzana ndi Mesopotamiya, ndipo zidapeza mafupa a mafuko a njiwa a m'manda akale a ku Aigupto amavomereza kuti kale mtundu wa njiwa unalipo.
Makolo athu adagwiritsa ntchito mbalameyi monga totem, mbalame yopatulika, ngati mthenga wolembera makalata, komanso kudya. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu akhala akugwira ntchito yobereka mbeu zatsopano, ndipo masiku ano nkhunda zoweta zili ndi pafupifupi 800. Zimasiyana ndi mitundu ya nthenga, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, ndi cholinga.
Mitundu yonse imagawidwa m'magulu atatu akulu:
- nyama;
- masewera;
- zokongoletsera (kuthawa).
Nchifukwa chiyani nkhunda zimagwedeza mitu yawo pamene ikuyenda
Mukayang'ana momwe mbalame zimasunthira pansi, mukhoza kuona kuti amayenda moyenda, nthawi zonse akugwedeza mitu yawo kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Pali matembenuzidwe angapo a chifukwa chomwe iwo amachitira izo, zomwe ziri za asayansi onse ndi azimayi osavuta omwe amakonda kukonda moyo wa mbalame. Timapereka kulingalira aliyense wa iwo.
Mukudziwa? Nkhunda zazikulu zimakhala ndi maso abwino kwambiri. Mphamvu imeneyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opulumutsira pakapita ntchito yofufuza anthu pamadzi. Chifukwa cha kuyesera kochitika m'ma 1980 ku United States, mbalame zinatha kupeza zinthu zofufuzira mu 93%, pomwe opulumutsira 62% alephera.
Chiyambi choyamba
Malingana ndi anthu ena, chizoloŵezi choyenda ndi chachilendo kwa mapiko a buluu chifukwa chakuti ali ndi chidziwitso chabwino ndi khutu la nyimbo, motero akamasuntha, amasunthira pamtunda. Ndipo kuyambira nkhunda - Omwe amakhala mumidzi yoduka, kumene nyimbo zimamveka m'misewu, ndikumayenda mozunguza nyimbo.
Mwinanso mungazindikire kuti mukatsegula nyimbo, amakhala ovuta komanso osasinthasintha, akusuntha kwambiri kuchokera kumbali ndi kumagwedeza mitu yawo. Pofuna kumva bwino kwambiri, njiwa zimatha kumveka phokoso lochepa lomwe munthu sangathe kumva. Izi zikhoza kukhala phokoso la mphepo, nyengo ikuyandikira, ndi zina zotero.
Bukuli, ndithudi, ndi la anthu, koma a ornithologists amayamba kufotokozera zina.
Pezani momwe nsomba ya nkhunda imagwiritsidwira ntchito, nkhunda ndizozizwitsa kwambiri, momwe nkhunda zing'onozing'ono zikukhala mumzindawu.
Chinthu chachiwiri
Malingana ndi Baibulo lachiwiri, lomwe liri ndi chivomerezo cha sayansi, kusuntha motere, mbalame zimakhalabe pakati pa mphamvu yokoka. Popeza zimakhala zovuta kuti thupi likhale lolimba pamilingo iwiri yoonda, imagwirizanitsa mutu ndi njira yosungiramo mphamvu yokoka.
Ngati mutayang'ana oimira ena a mbalame, ndiye kuti anthu akuluakulu amakonda kukwera, ndi zing'onozing'ono - suntha ndi kudumpha. Munthu, kuti akhalebe pakati pa mphamvu yokoka, amagwiritsa ntchito kayendetsedwe ka manja pamene akuyenda.
Chachitatu
Buku lachitatu ndilolondola kwambiri ndipo limafotokoza momveka bwino chifukwa chake nkhunda imagwedeza mutu wake poyenda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti izi zimachokera ku dongosolo lapadera la ziwalo za masomphenya. Motero, mbalameyo imaimitsa chithunzicho, chifukwa sichikhoza kusuntha ophunzira ake.
Kukhazikika kumachitika panthawi imene mbalame imakokera kumutu ndikuikonza kwa kanthawi, ndipo kenako thupi lonse "limatengedwa" kumutu.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kusunga nkhunda ziyenera kumvetsera kuti mbalame zam'tchire zimakhala ndi zinyama zambiri zokhudzana ndi moyo komanso chakudya. Adzagwiritsa ntchito zambiri zakuthupi ndi zakuthupi.
Tsamba ili linatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesera mu 1976. Wasayansi B. Frost anakakamiza anthu a banja la njiwa kuti ayende pamtunda wopangiramo mapepala omwe anapangidwa kuti apange cholinga ichi, chomwe chinayikidwa mu cube ya Plexiglas.
Panthawi imeneyo, pamene liwiro la njanjiyo linali lofanana ndi kuyenda kwa mbalame, linasiya kusuntha mutu wake. Panthawiyi, mutu wake ndi mutu wake zinali zofanana ndi zinthu zozungulira.
Baibulo lachinayi
Chifukwa china mbalame zimagwedeza mutu - kukopa anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo pa nthawi yochezera. Bukuli likuwonetsedwanso ndi anthu, ndipo liri ndi ufulu kumoyo ndi kukambirana.
Ndikofunikira! Mukasunga njiwa panyumba, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi katemera. Izi zidzawateteza ku matenda ambiri.
Mukhoza kuyang'ana zambiri zokhudzana ndi zinyama zamapiko a buluu ndi kusuntha kwawo pa kanema.
Choncho, pali zifukwa zambiri za kusambira nkhunda ndi mitu yawo pamene akuyenda. Yodalirika kwambiri mwa iwo - mawonekedwe apadera a ziwalo za masomphenya a mbalame ndi ntchito ya ubongo. Chifukwa cha jerk ndi kugwira mutu, nthengazi zimatha kusunga maso, kuzisiyanitsa zinthu ndi kuona zinthu zosunthira.
