Kusankha ng'ombe, obereketsa kawirikawiri amakonda mtundu wachi Dutch, ndipo chifukwa chabwino. Zinyama izi zingadzitamande kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ina pamodzi mwazifukwa zosiyanasiyana: zokolola, zaka za mtundu ndi kufalitsa. Momwemo, ng'ombe za ku Dutch ndizozitchuka kwambiri pa mkaka lero, nthawi zonse zimakonda kukwera mkaka, ndipo jini la mtundu uwu liripo pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamakono ya mkaka.
Mbiri ya chiyambi
Kutchulidwa koyambirira kwa mtunduwu kunaonekera m'zaka za zana la XVII ku Netherlands (makamaka m'madera akumwera ndi kumpoto kwa Holland), chifukwa chake dzina lake linatchulidwa. 
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, kunja kwa mtunduwu kwasintha chifukwa cha kuswana, ndipo ngati kale kunali nyama zokhala ndi malamulo osalala, mafupa ndi zofooka zofooka, ndiye kuti ng'ombe za ku Dutch zakhala ndi mphamvu komanso zolimba.
Chifukwa cha zamoyo zabwino kwambiri, Freenok inapereka makhalidwe awo abwino a mkaka ku mibadwomibadwo. Amakhulupirira kuti ankagwiritsira ntchito kubzala mitundu yambiri ya mkaka, choncho tsopano pafupifupi ng'ombe zonse za mkaka zikhoza kupeza dothi la Dutch.
Mukudziwa? Asanafike ndalama zamakhalidwe, zinali ng'ombe za mitundu yambiri yomwe idakhala "ndalama". Chiwerengero cha ng'ombe chimatsimikiza chuma ndi ulemu wa munthu, mtengo wa mkwatibwi ndi chuma chonse.
Chibadwa cha makhalidwe
Akazi achi Dutch sali osiyana kwambiri ndi mayankho apamwamba, komanso amawoneka abwino.
Maonekedwe ndi thupi
Nyama za mtundu umenewu zimawonekera:
- mutu: kukula kwapakati, owuma, oblong;
- khosi: zochepa, zosandulika mobwerera;
- chifuwa: wotchulidwa, wakuya ndi wamtali:
- Nkhani: zomangidwa bwino, zamphamvu ndi zazikulu;
- minofu: bwino;
- nsana: wamphamvu;
- miyendo: mwachidule, molunjika;
- ubweya: mwachidule ndi zotanuka;
- suti: wakuda ndi woyera, motley (malo);
- kutalika kwafota: mpaka masentimita 130-135;
- udder: chachikulu, chikho, ndi malo oyenera a zingwe ndi zotengera zooneka bwino za zombo.
Makhalidwe abwino
Makhalidwe apamwamba a mtunduwu amayesedwa mkaka wa mkaka ndi khalidwe la mkaka, komanso nyama yotuluka ndi kutha msinkhu:
- zokolola: 4000-5000 l / chaka;
- mafuta okhutira: kuchokera 4%;
- mapuloteni okhutira: 3,3-3,5%;
- mwatsatanetsatane: Kuseketsa kwazimayi kungapangidwe miyezi 14-18;
- kulemera kwa ng'ombe: 850-900 makilogalamu;
- ng'ombe yolemera: 540-560 makilogalamu;
- kulemera kwake kwa ng'ombe: 40 makilogalamu;
- phindu lolemera: mokhazikika ndi mofulumira; pa miyezi 6, mwanayo akhoza kulemera makilogalamu 170;
- kupha nyama: 51-53%, ali ndi mafuta okwana 60%;
- khalidwe la nyama: pamwamba
Mukudziwa? Dutch Sneaker amalembedwa kuti ndi wolemba zoweta ng'ombe chifukwa cha mkaka - pambuyo pa ng'ombe yachisanu ndi chitatu, kukolola kwake kunakula mpaka ma 11,208 malita a mkaka pachaka, pomwe mafuta ake sanalowe pansi pa 4.1%!
Zabwino ndi zamwano
Zotsatira Zabwino:
- Precocity.
- Mtengo wapamwamba wa mkaka, umene mitundu ina ya mkaka sungadzitamande.
- Chokolola chapamwamba cha zakudya zamtundu wapamwamba.
- Kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
Komabe, kufufuza ubwino wa mtundu uwu kungakhale pansi pa malamulo osamalira ndi kusamalira, omwe amafunikira Dutch. Ndi zolakwika pa zakudya, zowonongeka komanso zovuta, kuchepa kwa mkaka kumaonekera.Chifukwa cha zofuna zapamwamba, mtundu uwu sungatchedwe bwino, ndipo mochuluka kwambiri kuti wofuna zinyama angafune kupirira.
Kuipa kwa Dutch:
- Kutenga matenda aakulu (chifuwa chachikulu, chifuwa chachikulu).
- Kufuna zinthu ndi kusamalira.
- Kusokoneza maganizo ndi mantha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mkaka.
- Ukhondo (kufunika kosalekeza kuyamwa, kusowa koyeretsa ndi kusamba chinyama)
Ng'ombe za mkaka zikuphatikizapo zofiira ku Latvia, zofiira, Holstein, Jersey, Ayrshire, Yaroslavl.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Monga tanenera kale, a Dutch ali ovuta kwambiri m'ndende ndi chisamaliro. Komabe, palibe zofunikira zofunikira.
Malo ochitira masewera achilimwe
Zimadziwika kuti ng'ombe zimalimbikitsa kutentha kwabwino, koma kutentha kumakhudza kwambiri. Pamene kutentha kukukwera kufika 25 ° C, zokolola zimatsika mofulumira. 
Choncho, m'nyengo ya chilimwe, mayi wachi Dutch ayenera kukhala ndi "letitia" wokhala ndi denga kapena matabwa, kumene dzuwa silingagwe, kuti nyamayo ikhale yophweka.
Ndikofunikira! M'dera la chilimwe ayenera kumwa zakumwa ndi madzi abwino!
Ngati pali mitengo ndi tchire m'dera la masewera a chilimwe, zingathandizenso kutentha kotentha.
Malo amtundu woyendayenda ndi msipu ayenera kukhala okwanira kuti ng'ombe ikhoze kusuntha ndi kuyenda momasuka. Onetsetsani kuti muzisamalira fence.
Kukonzekera kwa nkhokwe
Kukula kwa nkhokwe yowonjezera nthawi zambiri kumakhala 6x4 mamita, pamene hafu ya danga imayikidwa pa ng'ombe, gawo pa khola la ng'ombe, ndipo malo ena onse ndi kusungira chakudya ndikuika chiwerengerocho. Kutalika kwa chipindachi chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi 2.5 mamita. Chipinda chiyenera kukhala ndi kutsekemera kwapadera.
Kusamala kwakukulu kuyenera kulipidwa pansi - ziyenera kutenthetsa, zosadziwika komanso zosavuta kuyeretsa. Chipinda chimakhala chofunda komanso chofunda, koma patapita zaka 4 chimakhala chosasinthika, choncho pansi pake nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi konkire kapena njerwa. 
Kugona kwagona kwa masentimita 20 kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo ogona a nkhokwe. Mungagwiritsire ntchito kusakaniza udzu ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1 - njirayi ndi yopambana komanso yowononga, chifukwa peat idzatenga mpweya ndi mkodzo. Malonda ayenera kukhala owuma, mwinamwake chinyama chikanafuna kugona pansi, chomwe chingachepetse mkaka ndi khalidwe la mkaka.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati pansi ndi konkire kapena njerwa, muyenera kuliphimba ndi zinyalala!Malo apamwamba m'khola ndi khola. Malo ake kwa munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi 2.5 lalikulu mamita. Chikhocho chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi 100x80 masentimita muyeso pafupi ndi khola. Pansi pa chikhocho chiyenera kukhala chophwanyika pang'ono, ndipo mapangidwe omwewo ayenera kukhala ngati trapezium yosinthika - mawonekedwe awa amachititsa kuyeretsa chotengera mosavuta.
Odyetsa angapangidwe ndi matabwa, zitsulo, zitsulo zotayidwa. Chinthu chachikulu ndichokuti zinthuzo ndizochezeka.
Komanso m'khola ayenera kumwa mbale. Popeza kuti Dutch ndi ng'ombe za mkaka zomwe zimakhala ndi zokolola kwambiri, ali ndi kusowa kwakukulu kwa madzi. Pofuna kupanga mkaka umodzi wa mazira, ng'ombe imatha pafupifupi 4 malita a madzi - motero, nyama imayenera kuwonjezera pa 50-80 malita patsiku ndi zina. 
Choncho, akumwa ayenera kukhala ochepa, pafupifupi 100-150 malita.
Zida za oledzera zikhoza kukhala zosiyana, koma ziyenera kukwaniritsa zotsatilazi: mphamvu ndi zosalimba. Kuwonjezera apo, mawonekedwe a omwa ayenera kukhala otetezeka kwa ng'ombe, popanda kutsogolo kwapakati ndi ngodya. Kawirikawiri amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yokhala ndi chakudya cholimba, chitsulo, chitsulo chosungunuka, nkhuni.
Zomwe amangidwa
Mavuto abwino kwa a Dutch mu nkhokwe:
- Kutentha Mtundu uwu uli ndi luso lotha kusintha, kotero ng'ombe zimalimbikitsa kutentha ndi kutentha. Komabe, m'khola ndikofunika kuti kutentha kumakhala kosachepera 10 ° C. Zikudziwika kuti ng'ombe zimakhala bwino ndikuwonetsa zokolola pamapiri ozizira, kotero kukweza chizindikiro cha thermometer pamwamba pa 25-30 ° C ndi chosafunika kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, chipinda sichitha, popeza chiweto chimapanga kutentha kwakukulu. Chinthu chachikulu ndichoti nkhokwe ili ndi kutsekemera kwakukulu.
- Kuunikira Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza thanzi, ubwino ndi zokolola za nyama. Zimatsimikizirika kuti pakukonza kuunikira kuntchito yabwino, mukhoza kuonjezera zokolola mwa 6-10%! Mu khola muyenera kuyambitsa dongosolo lowala: 16/8, kumene maola 16 ndi tsiku lowala, ndipo 8 ndi usiku wonse. Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsatira ndondomeko yotereyi m'nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo zakusintha. M'chilimwe, kuyatsa magetsi sikudzagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri. Kuyambira ndi kumapeto kwa kufalitsa kuyenera kugwa pa 4:30 am ndi 8:30 pm. Mphamvu ziyenera kukhala 150-300 Lx, pamene kuwala kuyenera kuyera pafupi ndi wodyetsa ndi womwa mowa kuposa malo ogona. Usiku, nkhokwe ikhoza kuunikiridwa ndi nyali yofiira ndi mphamvu ya 10 Lx, chifukwa mdima wadzazi mu chipinda umatsutsana.
- Chinyezi Ayenera kukhala pakati pa 50-85%.
- Kupuma. Njira yochepetsera mpweya wabwino imayenera kupezeka m'khola, pokhapokha nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzichita mpweya wabwino. Pakhomo silingatenge mpweya wambiri, komanso fumbi, carbon dioxide, ammonia. Zonsezi, komanso chinyezi chochulukitsa, mobwerezabwereza kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri mkaka. Pofuna kukhazikitsa mpweya wabwino, m'pofunikira kuganizira zinthu zingapo: kukula kwa nkhokwe ndi kutalika kwa zidutswa, nyengo yomwe ili m'chigawochi, ndi mphepo ikuyenda m'dera lanu. Pakhomo laling'ono, mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino umasankhidwa pamene ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya imatulutsidwa kudzera padenga komanso mphepo yatsopano imaperekedwa kudzera muzitseko.
- Zojambulajambula. Ndithudi, payenera kukhala palibe drafts mu nkhokwe. Zowopsa kwambiri kwa ng'ombe drafts. Pofuna kupewa zojambula zowonongeka, ndikofunika kuti molondola komanso mosamalitsa kufufuza njira ya mphepo pansi. Zimathandizanso kuchepetsa mpweya wabwino komanso kusinthasintha.
Kuyeretsa kawirikawiri pazitsulo ndi kusungira
Mu khola, nthawi zonse muyenera kukhala oyera, zomwe zikutanthawuza kusamba kwa nyansi. Kumalonda akuluakulu oweta ng'ombe, kuchotsa manyowa nthawi zambiri, koma ku famu yaing'ono kwa 1-2 anthu otayika sizingatheke.
Ndikofunikira! Akazi achi Dutch amayenera kukhala osasamala, monga nyama izi ndizokonda - pa leash, amavutika maganizo kwambiri, omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri kukolola.
Choncho, kuchotsedwa kwa nyansi zakutchire kawirikawiri kumapangidwa motere: kukhetsa madzi, kumanga dzenje pambali mpaka kutuluka. Zikhoza kutsekedwa ndi udzu, choncho zimayenera kutsukidwa monga zonyansa, koma kamodzi pa tsiku.
Chotsani manyowa musanayambe kuyamwa (ngati pali chosowa). Pa izi mungagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zomwe zilipo: mafoloko, mafosholo, mafosholo, ma broom.
Kugona kumayenera kusinthidwa kamodzi pamwezi. Ngati mkodzo ndi manyowa sangafikire konse, kubwezeretsa kwathunthu kungapangidwe kawirikawiri. Pachifukwa ichi, makulidwe a zinyalala adzawonjezeka, kupatsa nyamazo kutentha kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. 
Ponena za ochapa ndi owawa - ndikofunikira kuti awayeretsenso kuti asamangidwe ndi madothi. Kumwa zakumwa ziyenera kusamba ndi kusamba ndi madzi kusintha, ndiko, tsiku ndi tsiku.
Pofuna kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi nkhokwe, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa:
- Virucide, 0,5% yankho;
- Bromosept;
- Ecocide C.
Zimene mungadye
Mwa kulingalira kupyolera mu zakudya ndi kudyetsa ulamuliro wa Dutch Dutch mitundu iyeneranso kuyandikira ndi udindo waukulu. Ndipotu, chakudya ndi zakudya zabwino zimakhudza kwambiri mkaka.
Ndikofunikira! Pakusintha chakudya, kusintha kuchokera ku mitundu ina kupita ku chimzake, kapena kusintha kuchokera ku chilimwe kufikira nyengo yozizira, kuchepa kwa zokolola n'kotheka mpaka chinyama chizolowezi zatsopano. Izi ndi zachilendo.
Kudyetsa dzinja pa msipu
M'chilimwe, chakudya chambiri cha ruminants ndi chakudya chobiriwira. Amakhala pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya zakudya, koma samaphimba mokwanira thupi la kusowa kwa zakudya zofunika kwambiri. Choncho, chakudya chobiriwira chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi yowutsa mudyo: mbatata, beet (mankhwalawa ayenera kuperekedwa mosiyana kuti asawonongeke). 
Zosakaniza za tirigu ndi chakudya chophatikizidwa kapena osatulutsidwa kuchokera ku zakudya, kapena nambala yawo yachepetsedwa.
Ubwino wa chakudya chobiriwira:
- Zakudyazi zimadetsedwa bwino komanso zimadyetsedwa ndi nyama;
- khalani ndi zakudya zabwino;
- Lembani mlingo wa mavitamini, amino acid, mchere.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe nthawi yomwe nyama imakhala ndi mwayi wodya udzu watsopano, chifukwa pakapita nthawi zomera zimachepa osati kukoma kokha, komanso zakudya. Pofuna kudyetsa, mungagwiritse ntchito udzu kapena zitsamba makamaka kuti zidyetse ziweto.
Ndikofunikira! Kusintha kuchokera ku nyengo yozizira mpaka nyengo yozizira imodzi ndi zosiyana ndi izi ziyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono, mwinamwake matenda osokonekera, kupweteka kwa zotupa, komanso kuchepa kwakukulu mu mkaka kumachitika.
Zikuphatikizapo:
- alfalfa
- clover
- nandolo ndi nyemba.
Patsiku, munthu wamkulu amadya makilogalamu 70 a chakudya chobiriwira. 
Zima zodyetsa
Maziko a chakudya m'nyengo yozizira ndi izi:
- Hay (kuyambira 50 mpaka 80%). Ndi gwero la mavitamini, minerals, fibre, mapuloteni.
- Mafuta ndi silage (20%). Gululi la chakudya ndi magwero a mavitamini, mapiritsi ndi mapuloteni. Kuti zakudya ndi zakudya zitheke, haylage ndi sililage ndizofanana ndi chakudya chobiriwira.
- Muzu masamba ndi masamba ena (10-15%). Zakudyazi ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri kupanga mkaka, choncho ndikofunikira kuika nawo chakudya. Kawirikawiri ng'ombe zimadyera bwino kwambiri: kaloti, shuga ndi tebulo beet, mbatata, zukini, dzungu, mavwende.
- Mbewu zosakaniza, chakudya ndi kuika (30%). Gululi siliphatikizapo tirigu (oat, tirigu, nyemba), komanso mkate, mkate, mphala ndi mkate.
Onaninso zomwe ziyenera kudya chakudya cha ng'ombe, ng'ombe za mkaka, ng'ombe zouma, phokoso la ng'ombe.
Kudyetsa kumachitika nthawi imodzimodzi nthawi zitatu. Ng'ombe za ku Dutch zimachitapo kanthu kwambiri kuti zisinthe boma kapena kusanyalanyaza - komabe, ngati ng'ombe zina zonse.
Madzi ndi mchere
Musamanyalanyaze udindo wa madzi pamtunda woweta mkaka. Monga tanena kale, pamafunika 4-6 malita a madzi kupanga ma lita imodzi a mkaka, kotero kusowa kwa madzi kumakhudza mkaka nthawi yomweyo, tsiku lomwelo, nthawi zina zimapangitsa 20% za zofunikira za mkaka tsiku ndi tsiku. 
Choncho chiwerengero cha madzi chiyenera kuperekedwa mofanana ndi kukonzekera zakudya.
Kuchuluka kwa madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kudzakhudzidwa ndi nyengo ndi nyengo, komanso zida za chakudya, chifukwa zimatha kukhala ndi 3 mpaka 90% mwa madzi. Munthu wamkulu pa tsiku angafunike pafupifupi 60-100 malita a madzi, malingana ndi chifukwa cha wantchito. Madzi ayenera kukhala kutentha kwa chilimwe.
Ndiyeneranso kusamala kuti ng'ombe yanu imalandira mchere wokwanira ngati mchere.
Ndikofunikira kwa nyama pa zifukwa zotsatirazi:
- amapanga hydrochloric acid mmimba;
- imaimiritsa ntchito yapakatikati ya mitsempha, imayambitsa mafupa abwino ndi minofu;
- mkaka umadalira mlingo wa mchere;
- amapereka njira zamagetsi mu thupi;
- ndi mankhwala achilengedwe.
Kuchuluka kwa mchere kumayenera kulamulidwa mosamalitsa, monga kusoŵa kapena kutsika kungakhale koopsa. Kuti muwerenge chizoloŵezichi, mungagwiritse ntchito njira iyi: 5 g mchere pa 100 kg wolemera + 4 g pa lita iliyonse yomalizidwa.
Mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe imalemera makilogalamu 550, pafupifupi 12 malita a mkaka patsiku. Mchere wamadzi tsiku ndi tsiku: (5 * 5.5) + (4 * 12) = 75.5 g 
Kuti mupewe zopanda chilungamo mu mawerengedwe, chotheka kapena chosowa chotheka, mungagwiritse ntchito zokopa zapadera za mchere. Choncho, nyamayo idzalamulira payekha kuti ndalamazo zidzawonjezeredwa.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zimakhala ndi nthawi komanso nthawi, komanso zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zocheperachepera ngakhale theka la ora zingachepetse mkaka ndi 5%.
Kukambirana mwachidule: Ng'ombe za ku Netherlands zimapindulitsa kwambiri, koma nthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndikufuna kuti zikhale ndi zofunikira komanso kudyetsa. Kawirikawiri sichisankhidwa kuti akhale m'ndende yokha pa chiwembu.
Azimayi achi Dutch amagulidwa chifukwa cha ziweto zazikulu ndi minda ya ziweto, chifukwa zimakhala zophweka kuti nyama zikhale zofunikira. Koma ngati muli ndi chidziwitso chabwino komanso chothandiza kusunga mkaka, mungayesetse kusunga mtundu wanu.
