Ziweto

Ndizigawo ziti zomwe zimaimira microclimate ya nyumba za ziweto

Chinthu chofunikira pa zoweta zinyama ndizo zokhudzana ndi zinyama. Choyamba, microclimate ya chipinda chimakhudza zokolola za ziweto, kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa phindu mu zakudya za nyama ndi kuchepa kwa achinyamata. Pazifukwa ziti muyenera kumvetsera, ndipo tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi nyengo ya mkati ndi chiyani?

Pansi pa microclimate amatanthawuza zinthu zofanana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo adziwe bwino (kuphatikizapo mlingo wa chitetezo kwa nthawi yayitali). Lingaliro limaphatikizapo kutentha kwapakati, chinyezi, kuthamanga kwa mphepo, fumbi, zokhudzana ndi mpweya wosiyanasiyana, mlingo wa kuwala ndi phokoso. Monga mukuonera, ichi ndi lingaliro lovuta lomwe lingasinthe mlingo wake malinga ndi mtundu wa malo, nyengo, mtundu wa nyama zomwe zili mu cholembera, komanso nambala yawo.

Palibe chiwerengero choyera cha mlingo wa microclimate. Pali zotsalira zokha zokhazokha za chilengedwe, mothandizidwa ndi momwe chidziwitso cha mfundo yofunikayi chikutengedwa.

Ndikofunikira! Zigawo zazing'ono zogwirira ntchito zoweta zimakhudzidwa ndi nyengo yomwe ili m'deralo, zikhalidwe za nyumbayo, kuchuluka kwa nyama, komanso kayendedwe ka mpweya wabwino.

Ndizigawo ziti zomwe zimaimira microclimate ya nyumba za ziweto

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mfundo yovutayi ikuphatikizapo zizindikiro zambiri.

M'nkhaniyi timangoganizira zokhazokha: kutentha, chinyezi, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuunika, phokoso la phokoso, phulusa komanso zinthu zowononga mpweya.

Kufufuza kwa magawowa kudzachitika pofanana ndi minda yomwe ili ndi ng'ombe, ng'ombe, nkhosa, nkhumba, akalulu ndi nkhuku.

Kutentha kwa mpweya

Chikhalidwe chofunika kwambiri cha microclimate ndi kutentha kozungulira. Pali mfundo zazikulu zitatu mmenemo.: kutentha kotonthoza, malire otsika ndi otsika.

Zidzakhalanso zothandiza kwa inu kudziwa momwe mungakhalire ndi: ng'ombe (mwachisawawa komanso zosagwedezeka); nkhuku, atsekwe, turkeys, komanso akalulu (m'magulu ndi aviary).

Kutentha kwabwino kumatanthawuza chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa kagayidwe ka shuga ndi kutentha kwapansi, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo machitidwe ena a thupi sagwedezedwe.

Mu nyengo yotentha kwambiri, kutentha kutentha kumachepa, chilakolako cha nyama chimachepa, ndipo chifukwa chake, zokolola zimachepa. N'kuthekanso kuti ziweto zidzapweteka, zomwe zingachititse imfa.

Makamaka kutentha kutumizidwa ndi mkulu chinyezi ndi osakwanira mpweya wabwino. Zikakhala kuti kutentha kuli pafupi, kumalimbikitsa kuwonjezera mpweya mu chipinda, kudula nyama ndi madzi kapena kusamba kumathandiza. Ziweto zizikhala ndi madzi nthawi zonse.

Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungamwetse ng'ombe ndi akalulu.

Pofuna kumanga malo osungirako zinthu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe zimakhala zosasunthika kutentha, kuziwoneka zoyera. Kubzala mitengo yokhala ndi miyendo yambiri kuzungulira nyumba kumathandizanso. Mukamadyetsa mumlengalenga, ndibwino kwambiri kuika ng'ombe mumthunzi.

Kutentha kwakukulu kumapangitsa thupi la nyama kukhazikitsa njira zonse zomwe zilipo za thermoregulation. Kuchita bwino kumachepetsa ndipo chakudya chimakula, chifukwa chakuti kupulumuka kumakhala ntchito yaikulu. Ndi zotsatira zanthawi yaitali za kuzizira, pali kuthekera kwa kuzizira.

Komabe, zinyama zimavutika ndi madontho akuluakulu otentha, omwe angayambitse matenda kapena ngakhale imfa, chifukwa izi ndizovuta kwa thupi.

Mtundu wa nyamaKutentha kwakukulu kwa izo, С
Ng'ombekuyambira 8 mpaka 12
Ng'ombekuyambira 18 mpaka 20 (mwana wamng'ono kuposa masiku 20) kuyambira 16 mpaka 18 (kuyambira masiku 20 mpaka 60) kuyambira 12 mpaka 18 (masiku 60-120)
Nkhumbakuyambira 14 mpaka 16
Nkhosa5
Akalulukuyambira 14 mpaka 16
Nkhuku zazikuku (nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, nkhuku)kuyambira 14 mpaka 16

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza matenda osiyanasiyana: ng'ombe, nkhumba, nkhuku, nkhuku, akalulu, mbuzi, atsekwe.

Kutentha kwa mpweya

Chofunika kwambiri ndi chinyezi mu chipinda

Chifukwa chosiyana kwambiri ndi chizoloŵezi, zokolola zapulasi zimagwa mofulumira. Choncho, kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi (zoposa 85%), ng'ombe zimachepetsa mkaka ndi 1% pa kuchuluka kwa peresenti, pamene nkhumba zowonjezera zimachepa ndi 2.7%. Komanso, mlingo wapamwamba umathandizira kupanga mapangidwe a mpanda pamakoma, zomwe zimakhudza kusungunula kwa chipinda. Thupi limagwira mu zinyalala, ndipo izi zingachititse matenda ambiri.

Mpweya wochuluka (osachepera 40%) m'chipindacho umadontheza nthata za nyama, zowonjezereka thukuta, kuchepetsa kudya ndi kukana matenda.

Mtundu wa nyamaKutentha kwabwino
Ng'ombe50-70%
Ng'ombe50-80%
Nkhumba60-85%
Nkhosa50-85%
Akalulu60-80%
Nkhuku zazikuku (nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, nkhuku)60-70%

Kuthamanga kwa mpweya

Pofuna kusunga bwino kutentha ndi kuzizira mu chipinda, mpweya wabwino ndi wofunika, womwe umathandiza kuti mapangidwe a condensate, kutuluka kwa mpweya wabwino, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa carbon dioxide ndi kutentha kwakukulu kumene kumachitika m'moyo.

Mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino (kuchotsa chifukwa cha kuwuka kwa mpweya wotentha) umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ziŵerengero zochepa za nyama mu chipinda komanso mokwanira mpweya wabwino.

Zingakhale zothandiza kuti mudziwe momwe mungapangire mpweya wabwino moyenera: mu kalulu, m'khola, mu nkhumba, m'nyumba ya nkhuku.

Pofuna kupewa kutsekemera, mthunzi umasungidwa. M'zipinda ndi ziweto zazikulu zinkakonzedwa kuti zikhale ndi mpweya wabwino.

Mphamvu ya mafanizi, kukula kwa mpweya wamoto ndi zotseguka zimasankhidwa mosiyana pa chipinda chilichonse. Mpweya wotsekemera umakuthandizani kuti muzitha kulamulira kuchuluka kwa mpweya wobwera komanso msinkhu wake.

Mlengalenga mu chipinda momwe ziweto zimasungiramo zimakhala zovuta komanso zopitilira. Kusunthira kwake ndi kukonzanso kumachitika kudzera mu mpweya, zitseko, mawindo, mipata mu zomangamanga.

Mukudziwa? Kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga mu chipindacho kumakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka nyama ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumlengalenga.

Kufulumira kwa kayendetsedwe ka mpweya kumakhudza njira zosinthira kutentha kwa thupi la nyama, komabe zina zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezera zotsatirazi (mwachitsanzo, kutentha, chinyezi, ndi kupezeka kwa nthenga kapena ubweya wa nkhosa).

Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wotsika kwambiri ndipo kutentha kumapangitsa kuti khungu la ziweto lizizira mofulumira. Ngati kutentha kumakhala pansi pa kutentha kwa thupi, mpweya wozizira umalowa pakhungu ndipo imachepetsanso kutentha kwa thupi. Kuphatikiza kwa mpweya wozizira komanso kuthamanga kwa kayendetsedwe kake kungayambitse matenda a catarrhal a nyama.

Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa kayendetsedwe ka mpweya pamodzi ndi kutentha kwakukulu kumawonjezera kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha thupi kwa thupi, koma pakadali pano kuthekera kwa thupi kumatetezedwa. Motero, liwiro la kayendetsedwe ka mpweya liyenera kusintha chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mpweya.

Mtundu wa nyamaKuthamanga kwa mpweya, m / s
Ng'ombe0,5-1
Ng'ombe0,3-0,5
Nkhumba0,3-1
Nkhosa0,2
Akalulu0,3
Nkhuku zazikuku (nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, nkhuku)0.3-0.6 - nkhuku ndi turkeys; 0.5-0.8 - abakha ndi atsekwe.

Kuwunika

Chofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera kwa microclimate ndiko kuyatsa kwa ziweto. Apa ndikofunikira kumvetsera osati kokha makonzedwe a kuyatsa magetsi, komanso masoka. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumafulumira kayendedwe kabwino kanyama ka zinyama, pamene ergosterone yatsegulidwa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa rickets ndi osteomalacia.

Zidzakhalanso zothandiza kuti muphunzire mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito zipangizo zamakono.

Ndi chitsime chachilengedwe, chinyama chimakula bwino ndikusintha zambiri. Panthawi yomanga minda ya ziweto, kufunika kwa magwero a dzuwa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yowala.

Chifukwa chopanda kuwala kwa zinyama pamakhala "njala yodetsa". Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nthawi ya masana ikhale yaitali ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti zamoyo zikhale bwino.

Mtundu wa nyamaKuunikira kwapangidwe ka zipinda, lx
Ng'ombe20-30 - chifukwa cha mafuta; 75-100 - kwa amayi oyembekezera.
Ng'ombe50-75
Nkhumba50-100 - azimayi, amphaka, ang'onoang'ono, ang'onoang'ono atatha kuyamwa (mpaka miyezi inayi); 30-50 - nkhumba zowonongeka kwa nthawi yoyamba; 20-50 - kwa nkhumba zowonongeka kwa nthawi yachiwiri.
Nkhosa30-50 - kwa abambo, nkhosa zamphongo, nsalu zazing'ono pambuyo pa kutsegula ndi kupha; 50-100 - chifukwa cha nyumba yotentha ndi ward; 150-200 - kusewera mu barannik, kumeta.
Akalulu50-70 - kwa akazi; 100-125 - kwa amuna; pansi pa 25 - chifukwa cha mafuta ochepa
Nkhuku zazikuku (nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, nkhuku)10-25 - nkhuku; 15-100 - kwa Turkey; 10-25 - chifukwa cha bakha; 15-20 - chifukwa cha atsekwe.

Zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu kuti mudziwe za zomwe ziyenera kukhala tsiku lowala m'nyumba ya nkhuku.

Msewu wa phokoso

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chiwerengero cha ma microclimate chimachitika pa famu, chiwerengero cha makina opangira amakula kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, izi zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu, koma mbali ina, phokoso la phokoso, lomwe limakhudza kwambiri zinyama zikulira, zikuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Choncho, phokoso lowonjezeka, alimi akukhala osasinthasintha ndipo zokolola zawo zimagwa kwambiri, ndipo chiwerengero cha kukula chikuchedwa.

Mtundu wa nyamaMaulendo a phokoso ololedwa, dB
Ng'ombe70 - chifukwa cha kunenepa; 50 - kwa azimayi oyembekezera.
Ng'ombe40-70
Nkhumba70 - chifukwa cha nkhumba; 60 - azimayi osakwatiwa, oyembekezera kwambiri, azimayi okalamba ndi azing'ono a nkhumba; 70 - zinyama zothandizira mafuta.
Nkhosaosaposa 70
Akaluluosaposa 70
Nkhuku zazikuku (nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, nkhuku)osaposa 70

Dustiness

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zamakono pa famu ya famu imatha, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri thanzi la nyama.

Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa fumbi, alimi akuyamba kuvutika ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a khungu, maso ndi ziwalo za kupuma zimakhudzidwa.

Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwa particles, kuyang'ana m'maso ndi kupuma, kumapweteketsa nthendayi ndikupangitsa thupi la nyama kukhala pachiopsezo ku matenda osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, conjunctivitis kapena chibayo).
Pofuna kuchepetsa mphamvu za fumbi kwa anthu okhala m'mundawu, nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse aziyeretsa famu ndi malo omwe ali pafupi nawo, komanso kubzala mitengo ndi mitengo.

Muzipinda za ziweto, musamayeretsenso zinyama, kugwedeza zinyalala kapena chakudya, komanso musamayeretsedwe pamaso pa ziweto.

Mtundu wa nyamaKutentha kwa fumbi, mg / m 3
Ng'ombe0,8-10
Ng'ombe1-5
Nkhumba1-6
Nkhosa1-2,5
Akalulu0,5-1,8
Nkhuku zazikuku (nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, nkhuku)2-4

Mafuta owopsa

Mpweya ndi mpweya wosakaniza, umene ungasinthe mosiyanasiyana mu zipinda zosiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mlengalenga zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri, chifukwa, kuphatikizapo carbon dioxide, imakhalanso ndi mpweya woipa kuchokera ku zinyalala.

Chotsatira chake, mpweya umawonjezera zomwe zili ndi mpweya monga ozone, ammonia, carbon monoxide ndi hydrogen sulfide.

Ndikofunikira! Zomwe zili ndi mpweya woipa mumlengalenga zingapangitse oksijeni kuchepa kufika pa 16-18%, komanso zimayambitsa njira zosasinthika m'thupi la nyama.
Kawirikawiri, kusowa kwa oxygen m'zinthu za ziweto sikusowa kwambiri. Ngakhale nyumbayi ili ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsa mpweya wabwino, ndiye kuti izi ndizokwanira kwa moyo wathanzi.

Komabe, chisamaliro chiyenera kuthandizidwa kuti mlingo wa zinthu zovulaza usadutse miyambo yololeka.

Mtundu wa nyamaKaloledwa kokwanira ka carbon dioxide, mg / m 3Mavitamini ovomerezeka ammonia, mg / m 3Mavitamini ovomerezeka a hydrogen sulfide, mg / m 3Mavitamini oyenera a carbon monoxide, mg / m 3
Ng'ombe0,15-0,2510-205-100,5-2
Ng'ombe0,15-0,2510-205-100,5-2
Nkhumba0,215-20100,5-2
Nkhosa0,2-0,315-20101,5-2
Akalulu0,2510zochitika2
Nkhuku zazikuku (nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, nkhuku)0,15-0,21052
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakulolani kuti muzitha kuyang'anira malo a nyama ndipo muyenera kutsatira miyezo yaukhondo komanso yaukhondo, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi ntchito yapadera. Ngati zikhalidwe zina sizikuwonetseratu, ntchito yopezeka mwaukhondo ikhoza kutseka famuyo ndikuletsa kugulitsa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kulamulira kotereku kumafotokozedwa ndi kuti kusintha kulikonse mu magawo a microclimate kumakhudza kukhudza thupi la nyama.