Timamera mbatata Zhuravinka: makhalidwe ndi kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana, chithunzi

Mbatata ya Zhuravinka inayimilidwa ndi alimi onse ndi eni eni omwe amalima mafamu.

Zosiyanasiyanazi zimadziwika kuti ndizokolola zapamwamba komanso zotsutsa matenda a mbewu zowonongeka. Mbatata imakulolani kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino mosasamala.

M'nkhani ino tidzakuuzani mwatsatanetsatane za zodabwitsa izi. Kufotokozera ndi makhalidwe, makamaka agrotechnics ndi chizolowezi cha matenda, komanso zina zambiri zosangalatsa.

Mbatata Zhuravinka: kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana

Zhuravinka imatanthawuza mitundu yochepetsera, nthawi yodzala mbewu kuti ikolole imatenga masiku 80 mpaka 100. Tsabola la mbatata ali pafupifupi makulidwe, ndi utoto wofiira. Mchitidwe wa matope ndi mpumulo wotsika umawoneka pamwamba pa tubers, koma kwa mbewu zing'onozing'ono za mizu chitsanzo chikhoza kukhala chofooka kwambiri.

Maso pamwamba pa tuber anagawa mofanana. Zipatso zazitsamba zimayambira m'munsi, zimakhala ndi utoto wochepa. Nsonga za mphukira ndizochepa. Mzuwu umakhala wozungulira (ovoid) kapena oval. Mbatata imatha kufika masentimita 7-10 m'litali. Mu chisa chimodzi, monga lamulo, pali kuchokera mbatata 14 mpaka 18, koma nthawi zina chiwerengero chawo chifika 25.

Kulemera kwa tubers kumafika 90-160 magalamu. Izi ndizitsamba zamalonda, koma zipatso zing'onozing'ono zingakhalepo mu chisa. Nkhumba zokhudzana ndi mizu ya zamasamba kuyambira 14 mpaka 19%. Thupi la mbatata liri ndi mtundu wachikasu. Zamkati zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana (pakati mpaka zabwino). Dulani mizu yamkati musakhale mdima kuchokera ku mpweya.

Poyerekeza ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimapezeka m'magazi a Zhuravinki ndi mitundu ina, mungagwiritse ntchito deta patebulo ili pansipa:

Mbali ya nthaka yomwe ili ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi masentimita 50, imathamanga kwambiri, koma imatha kuchoka pakatikati pa chitsamba. Tsinde lafika pa makulidwe a 0,6-1 masentimita, masamba a chomerawo ndi ozungulira, wandiweyani, iwo amajambula mu mdima wobiriwira. Mphepete mwa masamba ndiwopseza, ndipo mitsempha yayikulu ya tsamba ili mdima. Akuwombera, akuwoneka kuchokera ku nthaka kwa masiku 12-25 mutabzala, kukula mwamsanga ndi mofanana.

Inflorescences pa zitsamba za mbatata zimawonekera kumapeto kwa June, iwo ali ochepa mu kukula ndipo amapangidwa ndi 5-6 pabuka-wofiirira kapena violet maluwa. Zipatso za mbatata Zhuravinka sizingakhalepo. Mtengo wa kalasiyi ndi 96%..

Ndi kusunga khalidwe la mitundu ina yomwe mungathe kuiwona mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi:

Chithunzi

Yang'anani chithunzichi: Zhuravinka mbatata

Zizindikiro

Zhuravinka analimbikitsa kulima pakatikati ku Russia (m'madera a ku Volga-Vyatka, North-West ndi Central Economic). Mkhalidwe wachilengedwe wa madera awa ndi ofanana ndi a Belarus.

Zokolola za mitundu zosiyanasiyana zimadalira nyengo, nyengo, dothi lonyowa, kukhalapo kwa feteleza m'nthaka komanso ubwino wa mbewu. Malingana ndi ndondomeko za obereketsa Mukhoza kupeza makilogalamu 75 kapena ochulukirapo a tubers kuchokera 10 mita mamita (kapena 630-640 kilogalamu pa hekita). Mbatata iyi imasungidwa bwino m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba yonse yozizira.

Werengani zonse za nthawi, malo ndi kutentha kwa yosungirako, za mavuto omwe angathe.

Zomwe zimapangidwa mukasungidwa m'masitolo a masamba ndi momwe mungachitire mu nyumba, pakhomo, mabokosi, mufiriji komanso pa peeled mawonekedwe.

Sakani

Zhuravinka ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito popanga zipsera za mbatata. Mbatata zoterezi ndi zabwino kuphika mapuloteni osiyanasiyana ndi mbatata yosenda.

Werengani zambiri za zida za mbatata: ngati n'kotheka kuti mudye zakudya zosakaniza ndi zakumwa, chifukwa chiyani zimadya ndi solanine yoopsa.

Dziko la kuswana ndi chaka cholembera

Mbatata ya Zhuravinka inalembedwa ndi abambo a Chibelarusi zaka zoposa khumi zapitazo, ku Research and Production Center ya National Academy of Sciences ya Belarus kuti ikule mbatata ndi zipatso ndi masamba. Zinyamazo zinali zovomerezeka, ndipo kale mu 2005, Zhuravinka inalowa mu zolembera za mbewu zaulimi za ku Russia.

Zizindikiro za kukula

Izi zosiyanasiyana zimafuna kuthirira moyenera (sikulekerera chilala chonse ndi chinyezi chochuluka). Panthawi ya chilala, gawo lina la zomera limataya masamba ake. Pamphuno yapamwamba pa zimayambira ndi mizu ikhoza kuoneka kochedwa mochedwa.

ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI: Mbatata ya Zhuravinka imakula bwino mu dothi lopitirira muyezo wa nitrojeni.

Kawirikawiri, zosiyanasiyanazi sizitsutsana ndi nthaka.. Nthaka musanadzale muyenera kukhala omasuka, ndipo nthaka granules iyenera kukhala yaying'ono ndi sing'anga kukula (0.5-2.5 cm). Iyi ndi nthaka yamba yamaluwa, yokhala ndi zinthu zakuthupi. M'nthaka mungapangitse feteleza kuti apange mbatata.

Werengani zambiri za momwe mungadyetse mbatata, nthawi komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza, zomwe ndizo zabwino komanso chifukwa chake mineral plantings ikufunika.

Komanso momwe mungamerekere mbatata mukamabzala.

Kukaniza kusokoneza makina kwa tuber mu Zhuravinki ndi bwino. Mizu ya mbeu imachiza mabala.

Kubzala mbatata sizingabzalidwe mwamphamvu kwambiri. Choncho, mtunda woyenera pakati pa mizera uli pakati pa 70 ndi 80 masentimita, ndipo mtunda wa pakati pa mabowowo ukhale wosachepera 20-25 masentimita. Mu dongo nthaka tuber anabzala pa akuya 6-7 masentimita, ndipo ngati dothi liri ndi mchenga wambiri - kuya 10 cm.

Malingana ndi derali, masiku otchulidwa kuti ikamatulukanso amatha kusintha. Kufupi ndi mzinda wa Moscow ndi kumpoto kwa likulu la dzikoli, malo otsetsereka amapita pakati pa May, kum'mwera kwa dziko la Russia - kumapeto kwa April, kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May.

Njira zowonjezereka zamagetsi ndizomwe zilipo - hilling, kuthirira, mulching.

Werengani zambiri za kufunika kokwera kwa mbatata, momwe mungachitire, ndi momwe mungachitire molondola ndi dzanja komanso mothandizidwa ndi thirakitala yoyenda. Ndiponso, ngati zokolola zabwino zingatheke popanda kupalira ndi kupuma.

Zaka khumi za kukula kwa izi zosiyanasiyana ku Russia zasonyeza kuti Zhuravinka imalekerera mokwanira (madigiri 7 degrees Celsius) ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 36-38 ° Celsius.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Zhuravinka ndi zosagwirizana ndi nkhanambo ndi mavairasi X, M ndi S. Izi mbatata imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a miyendo yakuda, mbatata nematode, ndi chizoloŵezi cha khansa.

Chomeracho chingakhudzidwe ndi vuto lochedwa. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amapezeka m'madera ouma. Nsonga zambiri zimakhudzidwa, mpaka pang'onopang'ono - mizu ndi tubers. Koma kawirikawiri, izi zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi zovuta kuposa mochedwa kuposa ena ambiri.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasonyeza kusagwirizana kwa rhizoctoniosis ndi ma ARV omwe ali ndi L ndi Y. Matendawa amachititsa kuti asinthe, asungunuke, apotoke masamba, komanso kuvunda ndi imfa ya mizu. Werengani komanso za alternaria, Fusarium ndi Verticillis.

Chowopsa kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Colorado, mphutsi zomwe zimamera pamapazi a tsamba ndikuchiwononge mwamsanga. Chiopsezo chodzala chikhoza kukhala zimbalangondo, maworworms, njenjete za mbatata, cicadas, njenjete ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Pafupifupi tizilombo tomwe timapezekanso mumapepala athu webusaitiyi.

Zhuravinka chaka chilichonse zimakhala zotchuka chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa komanso kukoma kwake. Mbatata iyi sivuta kukula, ndi kuthirira bwino, imapereka zokolola zabwino.

Pali njira zambiri zowonjezera mbatata. Ife takonza nkhani zingapo pa mutu uwu. Werengani zonse za sayansi ya Chidatchi ndi kulima mitundu yoyambirira, kuti ndi mayiko omwe akukula kwambiri masambawa ndi momwe angasinthire ntchitoyi kukhala bizinesi. Ndiponso zonse zokhudza njira zina: pansi pa udzu, m'thumba, mu barre, mabokosi.

Pansi pa tebulo mudzapeza zokhudzana ndi nkhani za mitundu ya mbatata yakucha nthawi zosiyana: