Makhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za kaloti zoyera: kufotokozera malamulo osiyanasiyana ndi kulima. Malangizo othandiza

Kaloti zoyera sizomwe zimadziwika bwino pa tebulo la ku Russia, koma pali ambiri odziwa bwino malingaliro awo.

Ndipo iwo amene adalawa izi zosiyanasiyana, sangakane. Kuti mumvetse zomwe zili zapadera, kupatula mtundu wachilendo, ndipo chifukwa chake ndi zabwino, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa makhalidwe ake ndi maonekedwe ake.

M'nkhaniyi, muphunziranso kumene kaloti zoyera zikukula, momwe mungamere mtundu wa karoti, komanso kupeza zina zambiri zothandiza pazamasamba ndi zosankha.

Ndi chiyani?

Zoonekeratu ndikuti ndi mtundu wa mizu yomwe inapatsa dzina la woyera karoti. Amawavomereza kuti palibe beta-carotene, yomwe imapanga kaloti wonyezimira wamba. Kunja, kuwonjezera pa mtundu wake, kaloti zoyera sizisiyana kwambiri ndi achibale awo. Chimodzi mwa zosiyana - fungo lokhazika mtima pansi chifukwa cha mkulu wambiri mafuta ofunikira. Anthu amakhulupirira kuti karoti amachokera ku Afghanistan, Iran ndi Pakistan.

• Chomera nthawi zambiri chimasokonezeka ndi parsnips. Zili ngati mawonekedwe ofanana - a rhizome oyera, onse ndi a ambulera banja. Koma pakuyang'anitsitsa izo zidzakhala zovuta kuwasokoneza iwo. Kusiyanasiyana kwa makhalidwe ndikuti parsnips ndi zazikulu komanso zamdima kuposa kaloti zoyera.
• Kuyerekezera kwina kolakwika ndi turnips. Zoonadi, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpiru yomwe imakhala yofiira komanso yofiira, koma ndi kaloti woyera zomwe zimafanana.

Mbiri yaifupi ya kusankha

The progenitress ya mitundu yonse ya kaloti imatengedwa ngati zakutchire karoti, zowawitsa kulawa, zoyenera zodyera nyama. Kaloti zoyera, zofiira ndi zachikasu zinapangidwa zaka 14-15 ku Germany, France, England ndi Netherlands. Ngakhale patapita nthawi - m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, abambo a ku Dutch adatha kubweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya karoti omwe anali owawa, ozindikira komanso okoma.

Kodi zimawoneka bwanji?

Kaloti zoyera, monga achibale ake onse, ndi a banja la ambulera. Chomeracho ndi cholimba, pafupifupi sichisiyana ndi mitundu yachikasu ya mtundu wa lalanje, imatha kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Zomera zimakhala zobiriwira, zochepa kwambiri, zofanana ndi mitundu ya parsley. Masamba ndi owala, zotanuka, kukula mpaka 20-30 masentimita, kugonjetsedwa ndi maonekedwe a mawanga ndi matenda ena. White karoti rhizome wa elongated mawonekedwe, yosalala, zotanuka, yowutsa mudyo, limakula 10-15 masentimita yaitali.

Kodi ndi zosiyana bwanji ndi mitundu ina?

Kunja, mtundu wa kaloti woyera, kuwonjezera pa mtundu wa rhizome, si wosiyana ndi achibale awo, koma zidzakhala zovuta kupeza malo a makhalidwe awo ndi katundu wawo. Kusiyana kwakukulu:

• Mtundu woyera (kapena ndi ndodo ya njovu) ya rhizome;
• yowutsa mudyo komanso okoma masamba;
• Kutchulidwa kununkhira kokoma (chifukwa cha mafuta ofunikira);
• khungu lofewa kwambiri;
• calorie yochepa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya lalanje;
• oyenera kudwala (omwe sangathe kudya masamba obiriwira).

Kodi ikukula kuti?

Mu chilengedwe, kawirikawiri kaloti woyera amapezeka m'mayiko a Mediterranean. Ukalamba, umakula bwino m'mayiko otentha a CIS. Ku Russia, kuthengo ndi bwino kukula m'madera akum'mwera. M'malo obiriwira, kaloti zoyera zingakulire kulikonse.

• Ma karoti oyera amamera bwino, otayirira, dothi "lopuma", m'malo osalowerera kapena ochepa.
• Ndi bwino kubzala mbewu kumalo komwe adakula nkhaka, kabichi, tomato kapena anyezi. Koma pambuyo pa parsley kapena katsabola, izo zidzakula bwino kwambiri, dothi pambuyo pawo liyenera kukonzedwa.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri

Kodi mitundu yambiri ya mzuwu ndi iti?
Zina mwa mitundu yambiri ya kaloti zimatsimikizira atsogoleri kwa zaka zambiri. Mwa awa, maulendo atatu a "Lunar wite", "Waite satin" ndi "White Belgium" amaonekera.

Lunar wite

Mitunduyi inkagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pophika. Zimasiyana ndi zokoma, zokoma komanso zosakaniza. Mizu yochepa, yofiira ndi yofatsa, imakula osachepera 30 cm.

Kumayambiriro - kutenga mizu ingayambe patatha miyezi iwiri yokha. Ali ndi kutentha kokwanira kwa +16, + madigiri 20 ndi madzi okwanira kuti apereke zokolola zambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi, "Moonlight White" ikufunikanso zinthu ndi chisamaliro - zimasowa nthaka yakuda, kutentha kozizira, kuthamanga pa nthawi yeniyeni komanso madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.

Pansi pa zofunikira, zosiyanasiyana zimasungidwa kwa nthawi ya chaka. Chifukwa cha mitundu yake yakuthengo yoyenera kumadera ozizira (Ural, Siberia), kum'mwera kwa nyengoyi mungathe kupeza zokolola zambiri. Mtengo wa sachet imodzi ya Lunar wite ndi pafupifupi 40 rubles pa chinthu.

Waite satin

Mtsogoleri pakati pa mitundu yoyera mu kukoma. Ndipo ambiri mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri. Mizu yake imakhala ndi chipale chofewa kunja (thupi ndi lofewa), losalala, yowutsa mudyo ndi crispy, lopangidwa ndi mchira wakuthwa. Kutalika kwa mwana wosabadwa 25-30 cm, kulemera kwa magalamu 100.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yakucha kucha, imatenga miyezi iwiri, kuzungulira kwabzala kuchokera kumabzala mpaka kusasitsa kumatenga pafupifupi masiku zana. Kufunikanso nthaka, ulimi wothirira, kutentha ndi kukonda kwambiri, Gulani satini osiyanasiyana a mtengo wa Waite pa mtengo wamasamba 21 pa phukusi.

Banjani ya ku White

M'mayiko a ku Ulaya, amatchedwanso "Blanche A Collet Vert". Zinyamazo zinagwedezeka ku kaloti zoyera zodyera, zomwe kale zinkadziwika ku France m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Mbewu yachangu imakhala yochulukirapo, yaikulu (mpaka 25 cm), chipatso chomwecho ndi choyera, koma thupi ndi lachikasu. Mbali yam'mwamba ("paphewa") imakhala yobiriwira. "White Belgian" ndi kukula msinkhu, mphukira imaonekera mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi itatu, pambuyo pa miyezi 2.5-3 yokonzeka kukolola.

Mitundu ya dothi sichifuna, monga kale, imakula mosavuta ndipo sizisowa feteleza wapadera. Pamalo osungunuka - osakhazikika kwambiri kutentha, chifukwa kutuluka kwa mphukira kumafunika kutentha kwa madigiri 10, koma mwadzidzidzi chisanu chikhoza kupha mphukira zonse.

Kukoma kwa "White Belgian" kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kumawulula kukoma kokha pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha - kuphika kapena kukaka. Mtengo wa hybrid wa "Belgian White" ukufika pa ruble 180.

The mankhwala zikuchokera muzu masamba

Mu mankhwala ake, kaloti zoyera zimasiyana pang'ono ndi anzawo achikuda. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndiko kusakhala kwa beta-carotene. Ngati tikulankhula za mavitamini ndi minerals omwe ali ndi kaloti woyera, ndiye kuti amakhala ochulukirapo:

• ascorbic asidi;
• mavitamini ambiri a gulu "B" (thiamine, riboflavin, retinol, geranol, folic acid, ndi ena);
• Mavitamini: E, K ndi H;
• mchere (potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorous, sulfure ndi klorini);
• Zotsatira: (zinki, chitsulo, mkuwa, fluorine, ayodini, manganese, selenium, boron, lithiamu, ndi zina);
• zida;
• mafuta ofunikira;
• amino acid;
• chowombera;
• pectin.

Ikudziwikanso kuti kaloti woyera amakhala ndi zakudya zochepa kuposa lalanje.

Zida

Madalitso

Mitengo ya masamba yobiriwira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse muzitsamba zofiira ndi zochepetsedwa (ngakhale panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha mavitamini ambiri mu kaloti zoyera amasungidwa) zimathandiza kwambiri thupi la munthu:

• Mitunduyi imapangitsa kuti matumbo agwire ntchito komanso normalizes chimbudzi, zothandiza kupewa matenda a khansa.
• Amachepetsa chiopsezo cha sitiroko ndi zothandizira kupewa matenda a atherosclerosis.
• Zimalepheretsa dongosolo la mantha ndi ubongo (kuphatikizapo matenda a Alzheimer's).
• Amadzaza kusowa kwa mavitamini ndi mchere mu thupi.
• Oyenera kudya zakudya zamtundu ndi zakudya za ana.
• Ali ndi diuretic ndi choleretic effect.
• Monga mankhwala achilengedwe amatsitsimutsa thupi.
• Kumenyana motsutsana ndi kutupa njira, kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Kulimbana polimbana ndi mphutsi.
• Kubwezeretsa mphamvu, kumachepetsa ululu ndi kutopa.
• Amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
• Amayambitsa matenda a m'mimba, omwe amasonyeza kupulumutsidwa atalandira mankhwala ndi maantibayotiki.
• Anagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira.
• Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga m'magazi, zimalimbikitsa shuga.
• Zomwe zamkuwa, zinc ndi nickel zimathandiza kuyeretsa magazi.
• Zomwe zatsimikiziridwa kuti zitha kupewa khansa.

Kuvulaza

Kaloti zonyezimira sizingathe kuvulaza, koma ziyenera kudyetsedwa moyenera. Komanso, mavitamini ochulukirapo amatha kutengera hypervitaminosis. Chowonadi ichi ndi kudya chakudya chochuluka. Ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zosavuta kwambiri moti zimakhala zosiyana ndi malamulo. Kotero bwanji kaloti woyera akhoza kuvulaza:

• Komabe, ikhoza kuyambitsa matendawa ndi ntchito zambiri (chifukwa cha zakudya ndi mafuta ofunikira).
• Zingayambitse kutupa m'mimba, kumatira kapena kutsegula m'mimba komanso kuwonjezereka kwa matenda a m'mimba.
• Chizungulire, kufooka ndi mseru, kupweteka kwa mtima pa nthawi yowonjezereka kwa mavitamini B ndi white ascorbic acid omwe ali mu kaloti woyera.
• Kukhala ndi diuretic kwambiri.
• Kuwonjezera kwa matenda a chithokomiro (ndi matenda a dongosolo la endocrine ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala).

Komabe, zizindikiro zomwe tatchulidwa pamwambazi ndizosawerengeka kwambiri ndipo ndizosautsa kwambiri ku ulamuliro.

Khwerero ndi Gawo Kukula Malangizo

Kukonzekera kukwera

1. Mukadzadzala kaloti woyera, mudzafunika chiwerengero cha chikhalidwe: fosholo ndi khasu, zonse ziyenera kukhala zoyera, popanda magawo a feteleza ndi zina.
2. Kaloti zonyezimira zimakula bwino muzandale komanso madothi pang'ono, komanso mu nthaka yakuda ndi loam. Ngati mukufuna kudzala kaloti woyera m'nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kusankha peat kapena dothi la mchenga. M'dzinja, mukhoza kupanga fetashi ndi feteleza phosphate. Dulani kalemba.
3. Mbewu isanayambe kufesa - ikani zowonjezera tsiku ndi madzi kapena feteleza yankho. Poonetsetsa kuti mbeuyi imagawidwa mofanana, imalimbikitsidwa kusakanizidwa ndi mchenga (pafupifupi supuni 1 ya mbewu pa kapu ya mchenga). Nthawi yosamba - patatha masiku 18 - 20.

Njira

Bzalani kaloti woyera ayambe, kawirikawiri pakati pa kasupe. Zima zazomera zimabzalidwa kuyambira October. Ngati kukolola kumafunika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kusungirako, ndi bwino kufesa mu May-June. Mabedi amapangidwira ngati mawonekedwe a pulawo, ndiye mbewuzo zimagawidwa mofanana.

Mu chiwembu chodzala, ndi bwino kuganizira za makhalidwe osiyanasiyana (omwe akuwonetsedwa pa phukusi). Koma nthawi zonse ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti mizu idzafuna malo oti ikule, ndipo iyenera kuperekedwa.

• mtunda pakati pa mizera iyenera kukhala osachepera 30 cm;
• Pambuyo kupatulira, sungani mtunda wa masentimita 5-15;
• kuya kwa kufesa pang'ono pang'ono kuposa masentimita 5 m'chilimwe ndi 5 masentimita m'nyengo yozizira.

Chisamaliro

1. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yosamalira kaloti woyera ndiyo kuigwiritsa ntchito ndi microclimate yofunikira:
   • Kutentha kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala osachepera 8-10 madigiri;
   • Ndikofunika kuphimba mabedi mutatha kufesa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza kuti chinyontho ndi kupeza mpweya.
2. Mukamabzala, kaloti zoyera sizimasowa mobwerezabwereza, mutayamba kuphuka, imayenera kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri, koma pakakula ndi kusasitsa, kuthirira kumakhala kawiri pa mwezi. Pa kucha kwa mizu ya mbeu, ndi bwino kuchepetsa kuthirira.
3. Dyetsani kaloti katatu pa kukula. Yoyamba - pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mphukira zoyamba, ndiye pamapeto a mwezi umodzi. Kupaka pamwamba kumapangidwa ndi mineral feteleza, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pokhapokha mutatha madzi okwanira.
4. Kutsegula ndi sitepe yofunikira poyang'anira kaloti woyera. Amakonda mpweya. Ndi bwino kumasula nthaka mwamsanga mutangomera. Nthawi yotsatira pambuyo popatulira - pakati pa mizere, ndi kukula kale pakati pa zomera. Kukula masamba akuyenera kukhala spud kuti masamba obiriwira asawoneke pambali yowunikira.
5. Kuti udzu wa nyemba udzu uyenera kukhala kawiri pa nthawi yonse ya kukula.
6. Kuphatikizira kumayenera kuchitika pamene mphukira imatha kufika pa masentimita 15. Pachifukwa ichi, gwiritsani ntchito udzu watsopano kapena wouma, singano zapine, kompositi, ntchentche, masamba ang'onoang'ono. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito zofunda, burlap, kapena makatoni. Magazini, udzu ndi peat sizothandiza kuti mulching.

Kukolola ndi kusunga mbewu

• Nthawi yokolola imadalira zosiyanasiyana.
• Tsiku lotentha ndi louma lasankhidwa.
• Ngati karoti sichichotsedwa bwino, mungagwiritse ntchito mipando kapena mafoloko.
• Kuphika kaloti kumasankhidwa, yoyenera kusungirako imathandizidwa ndi njira yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate ndi zouma panja kutentha kwa madigiri 15.
• Ndibwino kusunga kaloti m'zomwe zili pansi panthaka youma pa kutentha kwa 0 mpaka 4 mmabokosi a mchenga, utuchi kapena peyala ya anyezi.

Zolakwa zambiri

Kaloti zoyera zimakula mosavuta. Koma Ndikofunika kupewa zolakwika:

1. Musanayambe karoti, ndibwino kuti musamamwe madzi, kuti musamapangidwe kutsika kwa nthaka.
2. Mapepala atatuwa atangoyamba kupanga, kaloti iyenera kuchepetsedwa. Izi zimachitanso kachiwiri pa kukula kwa mizu. Payenera kukhala mtunda wa masentimita asanu pakati pa mizu.
3. Spud kaloti amafunika.

Matenda, tizirombo ndi kupewa kwawo

Pali kaloti woyera komanso wina aliyense akhoza kutenga matenda ndi tizirombo. Nkhondo yolimbana nayo ikupita mofanana ndi mitundu ya lalanje:

• Kuchokera zovunda zakuda Mungathe kuchotsa izo, ngati mumapopera ziphuphu ndi "Rovral".
• Cercosporosis akhoza kugonjetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi njira yothetsera chisakanizo.
• Mame a mame ndi bacteriosis sinyama ngati chomera chikuchiritsidwa ndi fungicides.
• Anamva kunyalanyaza pambuyo mankhwala ndi chlorine mkuwa yankho.
• Karoti ntchentche, tsamba mikanda, karoti njenjete adzawononga VDG, Decis Profi ndi ena. Kuchokera kuchipatala cha anthu - sopo yankho, ashy brew kapena decoction ya nsonga za phwetekere.
• Kuchokera Zimbalangondo adzapulumutsa yankho la viniga, limene limatsanuliridwa mu dzenje.

Pakuti kupewa mabotolo kaloti amachitiridwa mu June. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kukonzapo gawo lopatsirana la nettle. Immunocytofit ndi mankhwala ena opatsirana pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo chomera chitetezedwe chingathandizenso.

Zosankha zogwiritsidwa ntchito

• Ziphuphu - mwa mawonekedwe a saladi, juzi, zokha basi.
• Pa chithandizo cha kutentha: yophika, yokazinga, stewed.
• Ndimapanga tiyi ya machiritso kuchokera pamwamba.
• Pa mankhwala, gwiritsani ntchito decoction ya mizu.

Kaloti zoyera sizowoneka zokha, zomwe zikuwonjezeka kutchuka. Ichi ndi masamba okoma, abwino ndi othandizira, omwe, mosamala, ndi osavuta kukula m'dziko lathu patokha.