Mitengo ya mbatata imakhala yotchuka pakati pa alimi, chifukwa zotsatira za ntchitoyo zikhoza kuyesedwa pakati pa chilimwe.
Mmodzi wa mitundu imeneyi ndi Azhur zosiyanasiyana, unatulutsidwa ndi asayansi a ku Russia - obereketsa monga malo a mitundu ina ya ku Ulaya yomwe ikufunika kwambiri.
Werengani m'nkhani yathu tsatanetsatane wa zosiyana siyana, zikuluzikulu ndi zizindikiro za ulimi wa mbatata. Ganizirani zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi kukana ndi tizirombo.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
| Maina a mayina | Openwork |
| Zomwe zimachitika | mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tebulo yoyamba ndi miyala yabwino kwambiri ya zovala, yosungidwa bwino |
| Nthawi yogonana | Masiku 70-80 |
| Zosakaniza zowonjezera | 14-16% |
| Misa yambiri yamalonda | 95-115 |
| Chiwerengero cha tubers kuthengo | 7-13 |
| Pereka | 450-500 |
| Mtundu wa ogulitsa | kukoma kokoma, koyenera saladi ndi kuwotcha |
| Chikumbumtima | 95% |
| Mtundu wa khungu | pinki |
| Mtundu wambiri | kuwala kofiira |
| Malo okonda kukula | zilizonse |
| Matenda oteteza matenda | Kulimbana ndi khansa ndi nkhanambo, moyenera kugonjetsedwa ndi vuto lochedwa |
| Zizindikiro za kukula | luso lamakono laulimi |
| Woyambitsa | перевод "Sedek" (Russia) |
Mbatata "yotseguka" - yosiyana-siyana, kuyambira pakuwonekera koyamba kukhwima (iyi ndi nthawi yomwe mbatata ili ndi kukula kwake ndi khungu lolimba lomwe limateteza mizu) imatha masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu (80), kukula msinkhu (mbatata ya kukula kwabwino, koma khungu ndi loonda, lopunduka, likutsalira kumbuyo kwa tubers) limabwera kale.
Mbatata yokonzekera kukolola imadziwika ndi chitsamba - imatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa. Perederzhivat mbatata m'nthaka sikofunika, izo zingawononge yosungirako, zina zimayambira. Ndikofunika kulemba mitundu pa malo kuti muzitha kuyenda mosavuta ndi nthawi yakumba.
Werengani zambiri za nthawi ndi kusungirako kutentha kwa mbatata, zokhudzana ndi mavuto. Komanso momwe mungasungire mizu m'nyengo yozizira, pa khonde, muzitsulo, mufiriji, mu mawonekedwe ofiira.
Muzu "Azhura" uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, oval, kukula kwake, pafupifupi masentimita 9 m'litali. Kulemera kwa tuber - kuchokera 90 g mpaka 120 g. Peel ili ndi pinki yozama komanso yosalala, yosalala. Maso ali ochepa, ali pamwamba pa tubers, omwe amachititsa kuti processing (kutsuka, kutsuka, kugaya).
Gome ili m'munsiyi limapereka zizindikiro za makhalidwe monga chiwerengero chofunika kwambiri cha tuber ndi kuwonetsera kwa chiwerengero cha mbatata yosunga mitundu yosiyanasiyana poyerekeza:
| Maina a mayina | Mitengo ya tubers (magalamu) | Chikumbumtima |
| Openwork | 95-115 | 95% |
| Serpanok | 85-145 | 94% |
| Mkazi aziwonekeratu | 85-110 | 95% |
| Veneta | 67-95 | 87% |
| Lorch | 90-120 | 96% |
| Wosamalira | 100-180 | 95% |
| Labella | 80-100 | 98% |
| Mtsinje | 100-180 | 94% |
Nyama ya mbatata ili ndi chikasu chowala chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri za carotene. Mtundu uwu wa chikasu mu thupi umakhala ngati antioxidant.
Kuchuluka kwa starch mu tubers - 16%. Zakudya zowonjezera sizimalola kuti tubers kuwira. Mtengo wa wowuma umadalira nyengo - nyengo yotentha yotentha imakhala yambiri kuposa mvula (range +/- 2%). Komanso, wowonjezera umakhudzidwa ndi zovala zina.
Azhur "ili ndi chitsamba chamtali, mpaka 50 cm mu msinkhu. Masamba amakula pang'onopang'ono, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mbatata, kukula kwakukulu, mdima wobiriwira. Mapangidwe a masamba - popanda pubescence, makwinya. Kuipa kwa m'mphepete kuli kofooka. Maluwawo ndi akuluakulu, ndipo amawonekedwe ofiirira. Zomera zamasamba zimakhala zambiri (pafupifupi zidutswa 20).
Zigawo zakuthambo
Kukula "Openwork" makamaka ku Central dera la Russian Federation. Chifukwa cha kuphulika pakati, zimatha kukula m'madera onse a Russian Federation ndi mayiko omwe ali pafupi. Kum'mwera zigawo n'zotheka kukula "Azhura" kawiri pa nyengo.. "Openwork" imalekerera chilala.
Zizindikiro
Zimatengedwa mosiyanasiyana. Muzikhalidwe zabwino ndi kusamalira bwino nkotheka kusonkhanitsa matani 50 pa 1 ha. Poyamba kukumba pa zaka za mbatata kwa masiku 40, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi 130 c pa 1 ha. Pafupifupi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ting'onoang'ono, mbatata ndizofanana.
Kukonzekera ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za mbatata. Yerekezerani izi khalidwe zosiyanasiyana Azhur ndi mitundu ina:
| Maina a mayina | Pereka |
| Openwork | 450-500 c / ha |
| Grenada | 600 kg / ha |
| Innovator | 320-330 c / ha |
| Melody | 180-640 c / ha |
| Wosamalira | 180-380 c / ha |
| Artemis | 230-350 c / ha |
| Ariel | 220-490 c / ha |
| Vector | 670 c / ha |
| Mozart | 200-330 c / ha |
| Borovichok | Anthu 200 mpaka 200 / ha |
"Openwork" ndi kalasi ya tebulo. Chifukwa cha mavitamini ochepa, tubers siwiritsani zofewa, zabwino zophika mkate, saladi, kuphika kwathunthu, mwachangu. "Kutsegulira" sikumakhala mdima mukatha kuphika.
Chenjerani! Peel ya mbatata imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kuposa tuber palokha. Kuphika kapena kuphika pa peel kumakhala njira yopindulitsa kwambiri.
Mbatata imakhala ndi zakudya zambiri, makamaka - vitamini C. Madzi a mbatata amawathandiza kuchepetsa kupanikizika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku cosmetology ngati maski a edema komanso khungu loyera. "Ntchito yotseguka" imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri komanso kununkhira. Maphunziro okhudza kukoma kwa mbatata ndi abwino okha.
Werengani pa tsamba lathu lonse zokhudzana ndi katundu wa mbatata.N'chifukwa chiyani solanine ndi yoopsa, ndi phindu lanji ndi zowawa za mbatata yaiwisi, kuposa madzi ndi masamba a masamba awa ndi abwino kwa thanzi.
Chithunzi
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Zolakwika zazikulu sizikupezeka. Malinga ndi wopanga, amatha kusokoneza kuwonongeka kwa makina komanso kuchepa kwa tubers.
Zofunikira za zosiyanasiyana:
- kukolola kwakukulu kwa mbewu zazikulu;
- zosalala zokongola ndi maso;
- makhalidwe abwino;
- Sichikufuna kuti mtundu wa nthaka ukhale wovuta;
- kukana chilala;
- kukana matenda ena;
- yosungirako bwino komanso yaitali.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana idalimbikitsidwa ndi anthu anzathu mwachifanizo cha mtundu wa European wotchuka kwambiri posachedwapa. Sichidalembedwe mu State Register ya Russian Federation.
Zizindikiro za kukula
"Ntchito yotseguka" monga mitundu yambiri imayenera kuunikiridwa ndi dzuwa, izi ziyenera kuchitika masabata awiri musanadzalemo. Nthaŵi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira, nkofunika kuthetsa mphukira. Kubzala kumachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa April mpaka May, pamene nthaka ili ndi kutentha kwa masentimita 10, pafupifupi madigiri 13.
Nthaka yoyambilira yoyenera iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa ndi tizilombo tokoma, feteleza ndi kukumbidwa ndi kuchotsa namsongole. M'chaka, muyenera kungokumba - imbani.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Ziwembu za mbatata sayenera kukhala malire pa kubzala kwa tomato, ziyenera kubzalidwa mbatata wophika kuchokera ku mitengo ya apulo.
Mulching
Werengani zambiri za momwe mungadyetse mbatata, nthawi komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza, momwe mungachitire mutabzala.
Mukamabzala, mbatata imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi njira zochotsera ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa namsongole. Pamene mphukira zoyamba zikuwonekera, sizidzatheka kuchita izi. Kuletsa kutuluka kwa namsongole watsopano kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa mizere. "Ntchito yotseguka" imalekerera chilala bwino, komabe, mu chilimwe chilimwe ena ulimi wothirira sudzapweteka.
Mbatata imayenera kutulutsa, kumasula, kuchotsa udzu wambiri. Kupopera mbewu kumafunika kambirimbiri pa nyengo. microbiological feteleza (1 - kutuluka kwa mphukira, 2 - pa maluwa). Maluwa ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti kukula konse kufike ku mizu.
Takukonzerani inu mndandanda wambiri wa momwe mungamere mbatata.Werengani zonse zamakono zamakampani a mbatata ndi a teknoloji ya Dutch, momwe mungamere oyambirira mitundu ndi kupeza mbewu popanda kupalira ndi hilling.
Komanso njira zosangalatsa: pansi pa udzu, mu mbiya, m'matumba, mabokosi ndi mbewu.
Kusungirako
Mitundu imeneyi iyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chamdima (pansipa) ndi kutentha kosadutsa kutentha kwa madigiri 3. Kutentha kumayenera kukhazikika nthawi zonse. Mbatata amasungidwa bwino, zipatso zokolola.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Verticillosis
Koma tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Coloradoworm, njenjete ya mbatata, ndi bearfish nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoopsa chifukwa chodzala mbatata.
Werengani zonse za njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito:
- Mmene mungachotsere wireworm m'munda.
- Chemistry ndi njira zosiyana ndi Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi mphutsi zake:
- Aktara.
- Corado.
- Kutchuka.
- Regent
- Zimene mungagwiritse ntchito polimbana ndi Medvedka: Kukonzekera mafakitale ndi maphikidwe osiyanasiyana.
- Timapeza mulu wa mbatata: gawo 1 ndi gawo 2.
Kuchokera ku tizirombo komanso kupewa matenda opatsirana kupopera mbewu kukonzekera kwa microbiological.
Pansi pa tebulo mudzapeza zokhudzana ndi nkhani za mitundu ya mbatata yakucha nthawi zosiyana:
| Kumapeto kwenikweni | Kuyambira m'mawa oyambirira | Kutseka kochedwa |
| Aurora | Black Prince | Nikulinsky |
| Skarb | Nevsky | Asterix |
| Chilimbikitso | Kumasulira | Kadinali |
| Ryabinushka | Mbuye wa zotsamba | Kiwi |
| Makhalidwe abwino | Ramos | Slavyanka |
| Zhuravinka | Taisiya | Rocco |
| Lasock | Lapot | Ivan da Marya | Wamatsenga | Caprice | Picasso |
