Chimodzi mwa zomera zomwe zingakongoletse bedi lanu la maluwa ndi heliotrope. Kukongola kwake kumakhala kowala kwambiri, kosasunthika ndi thoko la vanilla. Mbali yapadera ya heliotrope ndi mphamvu yotembenuzira mitu ya maluwa kumbuyo kwa dzuŵa. Motero dzina la chomeracho, lomwe m'Chigiriki limatanthauza "kutembenuza dzuwa." Mu nkhani yathu tidzakulangizani momwe mungamere ndi kukula heliotrope mu bedi lanu.
Mmene mungamere heliotrope ku mbewu
Kubzala mbande za heliotrope zikhoza kuchitika ndi chithandizo cha mbewu. Chomeracho ndi cha nthawi yosatha, koma m'madera athu amakula monga chaka. Ndi bwino kuti heliotrope ikhale yosangalatsa kwa zaka zambiri. Kwa nyengo yozizira, iyenera kubweretsedwa m'zipinda ndi kutentha kwa 12-15 ° C.
Pakabereka heliotrope ku mbewu, pali zina zosokoneza. Choyamba, chimaphulika mu kugwa, ndipo kachiwiri, inflorescences ndi ochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu ina ya heliotrope (N. europaeum, N. lasiocarpum) ndi yoopsa ndipo ingayambitse dongosolo la mitsempha.
Dothi: kupanga ndi kukonzekera kubzala
Heliotrope mu nthaka yofunidwa ya nthaka. Pofuna kukula kwa zomera, ziyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zambiri. Koma Kufalitsa mbewu ndi mbewu, gwiritsani ntchito kusakaniza mchenga ndi peat kapena dothi kuchokera ku sitolo.
Kufesa mbewu zoyenera
Kufesa mbewu bwino kumachitika kumapeto kwa February kapena kumayambiriro kwa March. Kuti muchite izi, ikani nthaka mu chidebe ndipo musamaipse. Phulani mbewu za heliotrope mofanana pamtunda pa nthaka ndikuziwaza pamwamba ndi 1-2 mm nthaka.
Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kapena kugwiritsa ntchito sprayer. Pogwiritsa ntchito filimu ya pulasitiki, pangani zotsatira za wowonjezera kutentha ndi kuziika pamalo otentha ndi kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C. Ndikofunika kuyembekezera kukwera kwa mbande patatha masabata atatu kapena anayi atabzala. Chotsani filimuyo ndikusunga chomera pa kutentha kwa 20-22 ° C pawindo. Mbande zingakhale bwino ndi kuwala kozungulira.
Kusamalira mmera
Kuwombera kumafunikira nthawi zonse kuthirira ndi kuyatsa kokwanira. 
Nthawi yoti amwetse heliotrope? Sungani chomeracho chikuchitika mumiphika ndi awiri a masentimita 9 ndi maonekedwe a masamba awiri, ndipo pambuyo pa milungu iwiri mukhoza kudyetsa chomera ndi fetereza kwa mbande. Kusankha kumagwiritsa ntchito nthaka yofanana monga kufesa.
Musanasankhe, ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewuyo, ndipo pogwiritsira ntchito scapula, imayika muzu, ndikusunga nthaka pa mizu momwe zingathere. Ndondomeko ya mbeuyo imakhala yovuta, choncho masamba akhoza kugwa. Mutatha kunyamula, imayenera kuthiriridwa ndi kujambulidwa ndi filimuyi kwa nthawi yina mpaka mutenge rooting.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka
Chomeracho chikhoza kubzalidwa poyera, pamene usiku chisanu ndi.
Nthawi zabwino zokhalapo
Nthawi yoyenera kubzala heliotrope mbande ndi kuyamba kwa June.
Kusankha kwa malo ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka
Musanadzale heliotrope, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti musankhe malo abwino kwambiri. Izi ziyenera kukumbukira kuti ndizo zachikondi komanso zokondweretsa nthaka. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira, yosungunuka ndi yachonde. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewuyo imakhala yosamveka pansi pa dzuwa.
Yolani zoyenera
Kubzala mbande zomwe zimapangidwa ndi njira yosinthira. Mu dzenje, muyenera choyamba kuwonjezera humus, ndiye mosamala muike chomeracho pamodzi ndi nsalu ya pansiyi ndikuyiphimba ndi munda. Mapeto timathirira madzi.
Samala pa kukula
Alimi ena amatha kuona kuti heliotrope ndi yosavuta. Izi siziri zoona. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita njira zonse zothandizira molondola komanso pa nthawi.
Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu
Chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa bwino. Kumbali imodzi, maluwa amakonda chinyezi, pamzake - salekerera madzi owonjezera. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi linamwetsedwa moyenera ndikulepheretsanso kuyanika. Kupopera mbewu kumathandiza kudzetsa mavuto pafupi ndi malo otentha komanso kudzapindulitsa zomera.
Kukulumikiza ndi kumasula nthaka
Pofuna kusamalira zomera simatenga nthawi yochuluka, ndikofunika kuzungulira nthaka ndi kompositi kapena peat kuzungulira. Ngati izi sizikuchitika, ndiye kuti muteteze nthaka, nthawi zambiri muyenera kumasula nthaka. Komanso, Kuwombera kumathandiza kuti udzu usamere ndipo umakhala ndi chinyezi m'nthaka.
Kupaka zovala ndi feteleza pamwamba pa nthaka
Kuwaza feteleza kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi mineral feteleza kamodzi pa masabata awiri. Makamaka akusowa kudyetsa nthawi pamaso maonekedwe a maluwa. Pambuyo pa maonekedwe awo m'nthaka yachonde kuimitsa kudya.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya heliotrope mkati mwa mitundu yomweyi imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mankhwala a heliotropin (piperonal) amapereka fungo la maluwa a heliotrope. Piperonal imapezekanso mu maluwa a lilac ndi ma vanilla.
Ubwino wopita kwa heliotrope
Kuti heliotrope ikhale ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba chobiriwira chokhala ndi inflorescences ambiri, m'pofunika kuti muzitsine. Njira yochotsera nsonga ya kukula imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira. Mafuta amtunduwu amathira masamba 5-6, pamene mmera umatha kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Pambuyo pake, mmerawo umachedwekera mu kukula kwa sabata, sizowopsya. Koma kenako sichidzakula ngati momwe zilili m'kati mwake.
Mukudziwa? Kwa zaka 40 heliotrope yakula mu dziko la Czech Republic ku Bohemia (Kopilno). Kutalika kwake kunafika mamita anayi.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungakolere mbewu
Muyenera kudziwa kuti mbewu za heliotrope zipsa kwa nthawi yaitali, choncho musafulumize kudula inflorescences mwamsanga mutatha maluwa. Mukamasonkhanitsa mbewu, chikhalidwe chofunika kuti amere kumera ndi kusasitsa, komwe sikuchitika nyengo zonse. Choncho, ngati simukudziwa kuti mbeuyo yakucha, ndi bwino kuigula pa shopu la maluwa.
Pa kusasitsa kwathunthu kwa mbewu zingasonyeze kufooka kwa inflorescences. Ndikofunika kudula iwo ndi mabokosi omwe amapangidwa m'malo a maluwa, fufuzani mbeu. Komanso, mabokosi ayenera kukhala akuda. Imani mbewu ngati kukula kwa mbewu ya poppy. Kawirikawiri m'bokosi lililonse muli 4 mwa iwo. Mbewu ayenera kuuma ndi kusungidwa mu thumba la pepala mpaka masika. 
Kodi kufalitsa ndi cuttings
Pofuna kufalitsa heliotrope pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings, maselo a mfumukazi amafunikira. Iwo amasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira mu greenhouses. Mitengo yosatha imayenera bwino kwa mfumukazi maselo, monga iwo amawombera bwino ndipo amapanga ambiri cuttings mu kasupe. Ndondomeko yoyankhanitsa iyenera kuchitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa February mpaka May.
Cuttings ayenera 3-4 internodes. Pofuna kuchepetsa kutaya kwa chinyezi, masamba mu cuttings amadulidwa, ndipo m'munsi amachiritsidwa ndi mizu kukula stimulants. Ikani mabokosi ndi nthaka yokhala ndi humus ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1. Anabzala cuttings akuwazidwa ndi wosanjikiza mchenga mpaka 1.5 masentimita pamwamba ndi kuthirira ndi ofooka njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. Pogwiritsa ntchito filimu ya polyethylene, amapanga kutentha kwapakati ndipo amakhala ndi kutentha kwa 22-25 ° C.
Kuthamanga ndi kuthirira cuttings ikuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikofunika kuyembekezera maonekedwe a mizu mu masiku 15-20. Pambuyo pa rooting, zidutswazo zimakhala mu miphika ya peat. Gawoli liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi komanso likhale ndi peat, sod land ndi mchenga pa chiwerengero cha 4: 2: 1.
Muyeneranso kuwonjezera fetereza zamchere. Mu sabata yoyamba, chomeracho chiyenera kukhala pritenyat ndi kupopedwa ndi madzi 2-3 pa tsiku. Kuti chomera chikule, muyenera kuzitsuka kangapo. Mukamadzala cuttings mutseguka pansi, onetsetsani kuti mtunda pakati pa mbande ndi 15-20 cm.
Heliotrope mu kukonza malo
Chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo. Bright maluwa kuyambira June mpaka yophukira frosts akhoza azikongoletsa aliyense maluwa bedi. Chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chophimba, pamalire, kumalo okongoletsera, popanga nyimbo zosiyanasiyana.
Kodi heliotrope imagwirizana ndi chiyani? Ikhoza kukhala pamodzi ndi salvia, begonias, pelargoniums, petunias, coreopsis, rudbeckia, coleus, ndi zina zotero. Heliotrope imatsimikizira momveka bwino za udzu wobiriwira. Ngati chomera chimapangidwa pamene chikukula, chikhoza kupatsidwa shrub kapena shtambovoy mawonekedwe. 
Tizilombo, matenda ndi momwe tingachitire ndi iwo
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timaphatikizapo nthata za kangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi whiteflies. Ngati mawanga wakuda awoneka pamasamba a chomera, zomwe zimayambitsa kuyanika kwa mphukira zazing'ono ndi kugwa kwa masamba a zomera, ndiye kuti zimakhudzidwa ndi nkhuku. Kukhalapo pansi pa masamba ang'onoang'ono a masamba obiriwira, wakuda kapena oyera kumasonyeza kukhalapo kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kapena whitefly. Kuteteza tizirombo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mupeze mphamvu yambiri ya tizilombo, m'pofunika kuwonjezera sopo kapena kutsuka kwa sopo kwa iwo. Choncho, yankho ndibwino kumamatirira masamba a chomera.
Mafupa othandiza heliotrope ndi nkhungu zakuda. Kuchokera ku matendawa kudzapulumutsa mankhwalawa ndi fungicide.
Heliotrope ndi matsenga
Heliotrope ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages kwa miyambo yamatsenga ndipo inali imodzi mwa zomera 12 zamatsenga za Order Rosenkreutzers. Zimakhulupirira kuti chomera chomwe chimasonkhana mwezi wonse chimakhala ndi mphamvu zamatsenga kwambiri. Anagwiritsira ntchito kutetezera nyumba kwa akuba, mu mwambo wochotsa mphamvu zoipa kuchokera mnyumbamo, kutchula chuma. Afiti amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamatsenga kuti aziwathandiza. 
Zoona zamatsenga ndi fungo la zomera, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale a mafuta onunkhira. Nthaŵi zambiri heliotrope amaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kukhulupirika ndi kuvomereza. Choncho, pofuna kugwirizanitsa chiyanjano, tikulimbikitsanso kulima mu bedi la maluwa. Ngati mwatopa ndi chisokonezo ndi kusamvetsetsa, mwina heliotrope idzakuthandizani.
