Ambiri amatha kudandaula kuti katsitsumzukwa kamatembenuka kasupe ndipo kamatsitsidwa, kotero nkhaniyi ikukonzedwa kuti ikuuzeni chochita ndi chomera chodwala komanso momwe mungazindikire causative wothandizira matendawa.
Matenda ndi matenda a katsitsumzukwa, njira zothandizira
Katsitsumzukwa ndi kwa katsitsumzukwa ka banja. Izi ndi liana yosatha, yomwe imakhala ndi mphukira yochepa kwambiri yomwe imakhala ndi masamba omwe amawoneka ngati masamba. Zipatso zomwe zimapangidwa pambuyo pa maluwa ndi zofiira.
Ngakhale katsitsumzukwa ndi kudzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe za kundende komanso nyengo yozizira kumadera ozizira, ikhoza kukhudza matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pambuyo pake chomera chimakhala chowoneka chowawa ndikusowa kupulumutsidwa.
Katsitsumzukwa kumatembenukira chikasu ndipo imathamanga
Ngati katsitsumzukwa kamasanduka chikasu ndipo masamba amayamba kuphulika, ndiye muyenera kumvetsera zinthu zotsatirazi:
- nthaka chinyezi;
- kuunikira;
- kutentha kwa mpweya mu chipinda;
- kukula kwa mphika kumagwirizana ndi kukula kwa mizu.
Choncho, ngati mwadzaza mbewu zambiri kapena simunamwe madzi kwa nthawi yaitali, ndiye kuti ikhoza kukhala "odwala". Kuwala kosauka kapena kolimba kwambiri kumayambitsanso chikasu. Mpweya wouma kapena mphika umene uli wamng'ono kwambiri umapereka zotsatira zofanana.
Chifukwa chiyani katsitsumzukwa kadzakhala chikasu? Masamba achikasu ndi akugwa - zomwe zimachitikanso kusamalidwa bwino. Ngati simusintha zikhalidwe za ukaidi, mukhoza kutaya mbewu.
Kuchiza katsitsumzukwa sikuvuta. Poyamba, dulani mphukira zonse ndipo yesetsani kusintha madzi ndi kuyatsa. Choyamba, muyenera kukumbukira nthawi kapena zochita, kenako mbewuyo inayamba kuvulaza.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati katsitsumzukwa kamadwala m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye mutatha kudulira mphukira ayenera kuchotsedwa ku mabatire ndi magetsi ena.
Kuti musunge katsitsumzukwa kosadziwika, yesani malamulo awa:
- kuwonjezera chinyezi mu chipinda, monga mpweya wouma umayipitsa duwa;
madzi madzi bwino, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe mumatsanulira mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, ndikuchepetsanso m'nyengo yozizira;- perekani katsitsumzukwa kokwanira kwa dzuwa poiyika kumbali yakumwera (komabe, onetsetsani kuti masana a masana sakugwa pa chomera);
- kudyetsa milungu iwiri iliyonse ndi zovuta zamchere feteleza;
- Bwezerani chomeracho musanayambe mizu kudyetsa dera lonse la mphika.
madzi madzi bwino, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe mumatsanulira mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, ndikuchepetsanso m'nyengo yozizira;Mukudziwa? Katsitsumzukwa kumatengedwa malo odyera a South America, Southern ndi Eastern Africa, ndi Asia.
Maluwawo amafota ndi nikita
Chifukwa chachikulu cha matendawa ndi chinyezi m'nthaka. Chomeracho, ngakhale chimafuna kutentha kwambiri, sichitha kukhala ndi vuto lovunda.
Kodi chiopseza chinyezi chokwanira kwa katsitsumzukwa ka mkati? Ngati simumawuma nthaka nthawi, mizu idzayamba kuvunda. Poyambirira, izi zimatheka, koma ngati mizu yonse idawonongeka, duwa lidzafa.
Ngati mphika ulidi nthaka, ndiye kuti chomera chiyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala ndikuyang'ana mizu. Mbali zowumitsa zimachotsedwamo ndipo zimayambitsidwa ndi mapepala a malasha omwe amavomerezedwa kapena wothandizira ena. Mutatha kudulira, muyenera kubzala duwa mu nthaka yowuma. Mutabzala, kanizani mochepa nthaka ndikuyang'ana mmera m'masiku otsatirawa.
Muyenera kutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro, omwe amakhudza mwachindunji mkhalidwe wa duwa.
- Imwani chomera malingana ndi nyengo ndi kutentha. Musaope kuti mukanathanso kugwira nthaka mu mphika kuti muwone kuti mukufunikira kuthirira. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira pang'ono ndi yochepa.
- Samasulani nthaka kuti mizu ya zomera izilandire mpweya.
- Onetsetsani kuti muyike pansi pamphika, zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa madzi owonjezera.
- Gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yochepa yomwe sichimitsa chinyezi.
Masamba ambiri
Ngati maluwawo ndi masamba otumbululuka, alibe kuwala. Monga mukudziwira, dzuwa limagwiritsa ntchito kupanga zinthu zabwino. Kulephera kufotokoza chifukwa chake katsitsumzukwa sikukula bwino.
Mtundu uwu si owopsa kwa katsitsumzukwa, komabe, panthawi yomweyo chitetezo cha mbeu chimachepa ndipo pali chiopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana.
Masamba ambiri amadulidwa mwa kusamutsa chomera ku dzuwa ndi kudyetsa. Choncho kuti katsitsumzukwa kameneka kasasinthe, yesetsani kupereka chomera chanu pa nthawi ya kukula komanso maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Chlorophyll, yomwe imawononga masamba a zomera mumdima ndipo imachita nawo zithunziynthesis, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga zakudya zowonjezera E140.
Mawanga pa masamba
Ngati masamba a chomera chanu asokonezeka, musayambe kuthamangira ku sitolo kwa mankhwala kuchokera ku matenda kapena tizirombo. Mabala a zomera ndi omwe amawotcha dzuwa kuti zomera zimatha kuchokera kumadzulo a dzuwa.
Kuwotcha kwa mafuta kumakhala kosasangalatsa kwambiri kwa zomera, chifukwa zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zomwe zimayambitsa photosynthesis. Choncho, ngati chomeracho sichinachotsedwe nthawi yowonongeka, chikhoza kuuma.
Ndikofunikira! Muyenera kufufuza mosamala chomeracho kuti mukhale ndi tizirombo tating'ono kapena zamoyo zina, popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri angayambitse zizindikiro zomwezo.
Kuwotcha kumaphatikizidwa mophweka: muyenera kuchotsa chomera kwa masiku 1-2 mumthunzi wachabe, kuonjezera mthunzi wa mlengalenga, madzi maluwa (ngati dothi louma) ndi kuwonjezera zochepa za feteleza zovuta.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo maluĊµa sankavutike ndi dzuwa, yesetsani kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu - kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kuti musayese katsitsumzukwa dzuwa kuyambira 11 mpaka 3 koloko madzulo.
Mphepete mwa masamba amasanduka bulauni.
Mphepete mwa masamba a katsitsumzukwa amatembenukira bulauni chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyontho ndi kuwala kwakukulu. Zikuoneka kuti thupi la zomera mumatentha limatulutsa chinyezi chambiri, ndipo pobwezera sichiyenda, chifukwa mizu yayuma.
Mukawona vutoli m'kupita kwa nthawi, sungani chomeracho ndikuchichotsa ku dzuwa, sipadzakhalanso zotsatira za katsitsumzukwa.
Muyenera mwamsanga kuchotsa chomera mu penumbra ndi kumwa madzi. Kupopera mbewu pamtunda sikungapweteke. Ngati chipinda chili otentha, sungani katsitsumzu ku malo ozizira kwa maola angapo kuti chinyezi chikhale chotalikira mmunda. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti zizindikirozi zingayambitse tizilombo, tifufuze mosamala zomera.
Kusinthasintha katsitsumzukwa pakukula
Nthawi zina kuchepa kumakhala kovuta kuona, koma ngati duwa silikula, ndiye vuto lalikulu. Ngati katsitsumzukwa sikukula, kumatanthauza kuti alibe nayitrogeni ndi chitsulo, zomwe zimayambitsidwa kuphatikizapo zinthu zina zofunika. Kukula pang'ono kungasonyezenso mphika wochepa.
Ndipotu, pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri, yang'anani mosamala mbewu yonseyo. Mukawona mizu ikutuluka pansi, ndiye kufunika katsitsumzukwa katsitsumzu. Dothi louma liyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kuphulika. Musaiwale kuyang'ana mkati mwa tsamba ndi basal khosi, chifukwa ndi apo tizirombo zomwe zingachepetse kukula kumawononga.
Kuonetsetsa kuti katsitsumzukwa kamakula bwino ndipo sichikupweteka, tsatirani ulamuliro wa kuthirira ndi kuunikira, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zovuta kawiri pamwezi ndikubwezerani maluwa nthawi yake.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi katsitsumzukwa katsitsumzukwa
Katsitsumzukwa kumadwala chifukwa cha tizirombo kuti, ngakhale m'nyumba, zimatha kuwonetsa maluwa. Zizindikirozi zapamwamba zingayambitse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kotero tiyenela kuzifufuza mwatsatanetsatane kuti tidziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.
Kangaude mite
Kachilombo kamene kakang'ono kamene sikangoyang'anitsitsa diso. Mukhale wofiira, wachilanje kapena wachikasu. Kawirikawiri kangaude amakhala wosokonezeka chifukwa cha kufanana kwa kapangidwe kake. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kangaudeyo imangodutsa pammera ndipo munthu sangathe kuvulaza.
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zimakhala m'mayiko onse kupatula ku Antarctica.
Mite ikhoza kulowa m'nyumba kapena nyumba kudzera pawindo lotseguka (ndi mvula kapena mphepo), pamodzi ndi zipangizo kapena dziko lapansi.
Tizilombo timakonda mpweya wouma komanso nyengo yotentha. Kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa kubereka (kutentha kwa +30, kuchepa kwa mphutsi kumatha masiku awiri). Kuwoneka kwa tizilombo kungakhale kozizira komanso m'nyengo yozizira (kutenthedwa m'nyumba kumatulutsa mpweya ndikupanga zinthu zabwino).
Kodi mungamvetse bwanji kuti chomeracho chimakhudzidwa ndi nthata?
Webusaiti yosamvetsetseka idzaonekera pa katsitsumzukwa (pakadali pano, musachimwe pazipangizo zam'chipinda, chifukwa ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha kuwonongeka kwa mite). Masamba amapanga mawanga ochepa achikasu, omwe amatha kuphatikizapo zikuluzikulu zingapo.
Zizindikiro zofananazi zikhoza kuwonetseredwa ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, kotero, musanayambe kugwidwa ndi tizilombo, yang'anani mosamala chomeracho. Katemera wa kangaude, osanyalanyazidwa, amachotsa zakudya zonse m'nthaka. Masamba adzasanduka chikasu ndipo zomera zidzauma.
Katsitsumzukwa kumadwala, kumadetsedwa ndi kuuma chifukwa cha ntchito ya nkhupakupa, choti uchite? Zimakhala zovuta kuchiza chomera ndi makina, monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nyumba ndizoopsa kwa anthu ndi ziweto.
Yesani njira zowerengeka:
- Tengani chomeracho ndi njira yothetsera sopo. Sungani masambawo ndikuwombera pansi, ndikuyesera kuti musagwire pansi.
- Kulowetsedwa pa adyo. Pa madzi okwanira 1 litre, 20 g wa manyowa a adyo amatengedwa ndikupangidwira maola asanu. Kenaka, yankholo ndilopopera ndi spray pa chomera chonsecho.
Kupewa mite ndiko kusunga chinyezi mu chipinda kapena kupopera mankhwala kwa katsitsumzukwa (koma osati kuthirira!).
Kupuma
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mamita 5 mm ndipo timakhala ndi thupi lakuda. Mankhwalawa amafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ali ndi mitundu yoposa 6,000.
Matendawa amawoneka pa chomera chofooka chomwe sichinamwe madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, chosungidwa mu chipinda chosalala bwino, kapena chosadyetsedwa.
Zizindikiro:
- maonekedwe a mdima woyera pa masamba;
- masamba otayika pa masamba;
- masamba owongoka kapena maluwa;
- kupindika kwa tsinde.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga: "Vertimek", "Aktelik", "Confidor" ndi "Karbofos".
Ndikofunikira! Katsitsumzukwa kumayambitsa mankhwala osayenera, choncho sankhani mankhwala osafooka kuti musamawononge zomera.
Thrips ikhoza kuthamangitsidwa ndi mankhwala a anthu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, chomeracho chimachiritsidwa ndi broths wa celandine, chilli ndi yarrow.
Njira zothandizira:
- kupopera mbewu katsitsumzukwa;
- kuyendera maluwa kuti akhalepo ndi tizirombo ta mphutsi;
- kuyika misampha yofiira pafupi ndi chomera kapena pa iyo.
Aphid
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa matenda a hemiptera. Aphid amakhudza pafupi zomera zonse, osati kukana ndi maluwa amkati.
Aphid ikhoza kubweretsedwa kunyumba ndi maluwa kapena maluwa atsopano. Komanso, tizilombo timatha kudutsa mumlengalenga ndikulowa mu chipinda kudzera pazenera lotseguka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa katsitsumzukwa ndikuyamba kumwa timadziti takumwa. Kuwonjezera pa kuwonongeka kwachangu, aphid imanyamula tizilombo toopsa ndi mabakiteriya a zomera.
Ngati katsitsumzukwa kamagunda aphid, posakhalitsa masamba ake ayamba kupota ndi kuphulika, maluwa - kuti aziuma popanda kuphulika. Kufooka kwa madzi kungapangitse tsamba kusamba kapena kuyanika. Kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kumakhalabe katsitsumzukwa, kumapangitsa kuti azivutika. Chidebe cha nsabwe za m'masamba chimakopa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa yomwe ingasokoneze ndi zomera.
Aphid imachiritsidwa ndi njira zowerengeka komanso mothandizidwa ndi makina.
Kuchotsa tizilombo, mungagwiritse ntchito zotsatirazi:
- Garlic kapena anyezi kulowetsedwa. Pa madzi okwanira 1 litapatsa 30 g wa adyo ndi 4 g sopo, tsatirani maola asanu ndi atatu. Pambuyo pake, katsitsumzukwa amachiritsidwa kangapo ndi nthawi ya masiku 10-12.
- Kusakaniza ndi mowa wangwiro. Dulani lonse lapansi gawo la katsitsumzukwa.
- Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kulowetsedwa kwa tsabola otentha. Mu madzi okwanira 1 litre wiritsani 100 g wa nyemba zosungira madzi pafupifupi ola limodzi. Pambuyo pake, msuziwo umadzipulidwa ndi madzi mu chiĊµerengero cha 1:10.
Njira zothandizira:
- chisamaliro choyenera;
- kuyesa kawirikawiri zomera;
- feteleza;
- spray kuchokera kutsitsi.
Kufiira
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi a banja la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Zikuwoneka ngati mtundu wa nkhuni woyera kapena mtundu wina wa kachilomboka (ubweya wambiri - wotchedwa worm pakati pa anthu), uli ndi kutalika kwa 6 mm ndipo umakhala ngati chishango. Mafinya amaonekera pa katsitsumzukwa chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino (kutentha kochepa, kumwa madzi okwanira, zowola zowola chomera). Nyongolotsi ikhozanso kubweretsedwa m'nyumba ndi zomera kapena zomera zowonongeka.
Ikhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi patina yoyera, yomwe ikufanana ndi ubweya wa thonje kapena chipale chofewa. Masamba okhudzidwa amatembenukira chikasu ndi kupunduka. Mofanana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nsalu yaubweya imasiya masamba ake mumsana, yomwe bowa imakula.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu ina ya mphutsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto ndi varnishes.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi owopsa chifukwa imayamwa kuyamwa kwa mbeu ndikuchepetsanso kukula kwake. Makulu akuluakulu okha a tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa amatha kuyambitsa katsitsumzukwa.
Kuchepetsa chomera ndi kophweka. Poyambirira, maluwawo amachiritsidwa ndi madzi sopo nthawi zingapo pamasabata. Ngati chitsamba chonse chimadzaza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndiye kuti tifunika kukonzekera mankhwala: Aktara, Calypso, Mospilan, Konfidor.
Kulimbana ndi njira za nyongolotsi:
- Mowa kulowetsedwa ndi sopo. Pa lita imodzi ya madzi mutenge 15 g wa sopo wamadzi ndi 10 ml ya mowa wodetsedwa. Sopani mbewuyo ndi kusakaniza.
- Kulowetsedwa pa adyo. Pa theka-lita imodzi mtsuko wa madzi mutenge 5 cloves wa adyo. Madzi ndi yophika ndi steamed wosweka adyo. Pambuyo pa fyulutayo, sungani 1: 5 ndi madzi ndikukonza katsitsumzukwa.
Njira zothandizira:
- Musapitirize kudutsa nthaka;
- kuwonetsa nthawi zonse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- Chotsani masamba owuma ndi mphukira mu nthawi;
- Sambani kusamba ndikutsuka masamba.
Shchitovka
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi mabanja a hemiptera. Chishango chiri ndi kutalika kwa 3 mm ndi mtundu wofiira. Chifukwa chachikulu cha maonekedwe ndiwowonjezereka mpweya ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Chishango chingathenso kubweretsedwa kunyumba pa chomera china kapena maluwa.
Zizindikiro:
- Kukula kwazing'ono kumalo komwe kumamatira masamba mpaka kumphukira;
- Kuukira pamphepete mwa masamba;
- tsamba lachikasu ndi lachangu lisanagwe.
Musanyalanyaze tizirombo tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono. Shchitovka amachititsa kuti zomera zisawonongeke (dera lalikulu likhoza kuwononga ngakhale mtengo waukulu). Popeza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadyetsa mbewu, timayesa kukhulupirika kwa mphukira, katsitsumzukwa kamataya zakudya komanso sitingapume bwinobwino. Mabalawo amatenga matenda ena omwe amabweretsa "gulu" la mavuto ena ndi matenda ena.
Ndi chishango chimene mukufunika kumenyana ndi kuchepetsa sizingatheke. Katsitsumzukwa kangachiritsidwe ndi njira zonse komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Musaiwale kuti chomeracho chimalekerera kwambiri mankhwala ndipo chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yomaliza!
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amatulutsa chishango mwamsanga ndi Aktara, Mospilan, Confidor, ndi Golden Spark.
Komabe, ndi bwino kudziwa kuti n'kosatheka kuti munthu adziwe mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, choncho njira yokhayo ndi njira yochotsedwera. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito pulotoni padakonzedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Musaiwale kuthirira pansi gawo limodzi la mbeu ndi madzi. Kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha ukalamba, matendawa amapezeka. 
Kuteteza matenda
Nthenda iliyonse ikuyang'ana malo osatetezeka a chomera, kotero chitetezo chabwino ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Dyetsani katsitsumzukwa pakapita nthawi, chotsani zouma ndi zowola, penyani kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Dothi lochepa kwambiri - chitsimikizo cha thanzi la zomera. Musaiwale za zojambula ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi komwe katsitsumzukwa sikonda. Pempherani ndi kugawaniza maluwa nthawi kuti musangowonjezera kukula kwa katsitsumzukwa, komanso kuti mutenge maluwa ena.
Tsatirani mfundoyi: "Kusamala kwambiri ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri."
