Fuchsia ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chimakula m'chilengedwe ku Central ndi South America ndi New Zealand. Kutentha kwapafupi ndi zomera zosakanizidwa, zili ndi mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu. Zakhala zikulimidwa m'chikhalidwe kwa zaka zoposa 200, ndipo alimi amaluwa amachitcha "lamoto ya Japan" kapena "ballerina".
Pansi pa chilengedwe, fuchsia imaoneka ngati chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi zosinthasintha. Masamba a chomera ndiwo wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira, amakhala ndi chowulungama, chokhala ndi mawonekedwe pang'ono ndi mapepala omwe ali pamphepete. Maluwawo amakhala ndi calyx ndi tubular corolla ndi m'mphepete mwa mpanda. Chomera chimamasula mosalekeza ndi mochuluka drooping maluwa. Mitengoyi ndi yaitali kuposa calyx, calbex ndi yaitali kuposa pamimba. Maluwa a Fuchsia amawonekera pazitali zapamwamba, ndipo mtundu wawo ndi woyera, pinki, lalanje, wofiira, kirimu, lilac ndi wofiirira.
Fuchsia m'nyumba sikutanthauza kusamalidwa kovuta, koma maluwa amayenera kudziwa zina mwazithunzi pankhaniyi. Pali malingaliro pa kusankha kwa mbande, chisamaliro cha mbewu pa dormancy ndi maluwa, kuziika ndi kudulira.
Mukudziwa? Fuchsia kuswana kumatenga zaka zoposa 200. Panthawi imeneyi, mitundu yokwana 15,000 ndi hybrids ya mbewuyi inalengedwa.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande za fuchsia mu sitolo
M'misika, fuchsia imagulitsidwa singly kapena 3-4 cuttings. Zimadalira kukula kwa mphika kumene mbewuyo imakula. Kusankha mmera, muyenera kumvetsera nthawi izi:
Kaya chomeracho chinapangidwa bwino, momwe kununkhira kunkachitidwa;- Kaya mbewuyo ili bwino;
- Kodi zimawoneka bwino - masamba obiriwira ndi akulu, tchire zokongola;
- Mizu sayenera kuoneka kuchokera pansi pa mphika.
Kaya chomeracho chinapangidwa bwino, momwe kununkhira kunkachitidwa;Ndizovuta ngati mbande mu sitolo zili pamalo amdima ndipo musamamwe bwino. Mphukira za zomera zoterezi zimatha, ndipo masamba amatembenukira chikasu.
Pogula mbande za fuchsia, nkofunika kutsimikiza kuti palibe tizirombo mwa iwo. Pazimenezi muyenera kuyang'ana pansi pa masamba, ndipo ngati mulibe mawanga ndi mfundo, ndiye kuti zonse zilipo. Komanso, atagwedeza zomera, whitefly sayenera kuthawa, zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa.
Fuchsia chisamaliro kunyumba
Kusamalira fuchsia kunyumba n'kosavuta. Pali zinsinsi zina za chisamaliro cha fuchsia, ndipo zonse zimakhala zosavuta.
Fuchsia amakonda malo ozizira, m'chilimwe kutentha sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri 20. Kwa wake wokongola kumpoto kapena kum'mwera sill. M'chilimwe, zomera zimayenera kupulumutsidwa ku stuffiness; ngati n'kotheka, amafunika kupereka malo pakhomo kapena pabwalo, komwe m'mawa dzuwa lidzagwa. Tsiku lonse fuchsias ndibwino kukhala mumthunzi wachetechete. Ngati palibe njira zothetsera chomera m'nyumba ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, fuchsia imakhalanso bwino pang'onopang'ono.
Kuthirira chomeracho chiyenera kukhala nthawi zonse, chomwe chiri chofunikira makamaka pakukula ndi maluwa. Madzi ayenera kusankhidwa kapena kutetezedwa. Kupopera madzi m'chilimwe kumathandizanso, kumatsitsimula mbewu. Kutsekedwa kwa mpweya kungaperekedwe poika chophika chomera mu poto ndi madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati masamba a chomera achotsedwa, sayenera kuthirira madzi okha, komanso amathiridwa madzi. Pambuyo pa njirazi, fuchsia imadzazidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu - izi zimachitidwa kuti abwezeretse kutsika kwa masamba.
Kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka nthawi ya autumn, nthawi ya kukula kwachangu, kubereka ndi kumera kwa mbewu kumatha. Ndikofunikira kusamalira momwe angadyetsere fuchsia kumapeto kwa nyengo, chifukwa izi zidzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pa nthawi ya moyo wa chomera. Pakati pa maluwa kuti maluwa apange feteleza omwe ali ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.
Pokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera, m'nyumba zamkati zimakondweretsa mwiniwake kwa zaka zambiri ndi maluwa ake osakhwima.
Zomwe zimasamalidwa panthawi ya maluwa
Pamene fuchsia imamasula, pali zotsatila zapadera zowusamalira. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, kuthirira kumakhala kokwanira komanso koyenera. Chinyezi chosasunthika mu mizu sichiri chovomerezeka, koma nkofunika kuthirira chomeracho pambuyo poti zouma zouma.
Fuchsia imakhudzidwa kusintha, makamaka makamaka nthawi ya maluwa simungapange chilolezo ndikusinthasintha. Zochita zoterezi zimadzaza ndi maluwa akugwa ndi masamba.
Mitengo yambiri sichitha kuzizira panthawi ya maluwa, lamulo ili likugwiritsidwa ntchito ku fuchsia. Ponena za kudyetsa, Mwachitsanzo, Kemira Lux feteleza ili ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous, iron, zinc, manganese, boron, copper, molybdenum. Ndi bwino kwambiri kudyetsa fupa. Kuchokera nthawi yomwe masambawo akuonekera, mukhoza kuthirira mafuta ndi feteleza zamadzi kamodzi pa sabata.
Mukudziwa? Ngati maluwa akufooka, ndipo masamba atsopano amakhala ofooka, izi zikusonyeza kufunikira kodyetsa mbewu.
Kuwaza ndi kuchepetsa fuchsia
Kupaka fuchsia pakufunika. Zimapezeka mutagula mbewu, komanso ngati mphika umakhala wochepa. Nthaka ya fuchsia imakhala ndi sod ndi tsamba lapansi, mchenga, peat ndi humus, zomwe zimatengedwa mofanana. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yokonzekera zomera. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuyika ngalande pansi pa mphika.
Monga mtsinje, nthawi zambiri dothi lingagwiritsidwe ntchito, pamwamba pa nthaka. Chomera mu mphika watsopano chimayikidwa ndi mtanda wa dziko kumene unakula. Zotsalira za voids zili ndi nthaka yosakaniza.
Pambuyo pa kuika fupa kuika kuwala, kudula kutalika kwa zimayambira ndi limodzi lachitatu, kuthirira ndi kuthira bwino. Ngati ndondomekoyi inkachitika bwino, chomeracho chimasula maluwa ambiri.
Kudulira ndi kupanga mapangidwe amayamba pamene mbewu ikadali phesi. Chomerachi ndi pulasitiki kwambiri, choncho chimaperekedwa chilichonse - chitsamba, ampelous, pyramidal, shtambovy mtengo.
Nthawi zambiri eni ake a fuchsia amakhala ndi funso loti azidula fuchsia. Ndibwino kuti muzichepetsera katemera pachaka: kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October, nyengo ya kukula ikutha, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa January. Nthawi yoyamba kudulira, zonsezi zimayambira. Dulani ndalama 2 cm pamwamba pa masamba ogona. Kudulira kachiwiri kumapangidwira kuti mapangidwe omaliza a korona.
Ngati chomera chimalowa m'nyumba, chiyenera kusintha. Olima amalima nthawi zambiri amadzifunsa nthawi komanso momwe angapangire fuchsia atagula kuti awongole bwino. Pambuyo pokonzanso mavitamini ndi rooting, zomera zimatulutsa masamba atsopano. Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kutsitsa pamwamba pa chomera. Kuti apange maluwa ambiri maluwa ndi masamba, mphukira zatsopano zimathanso.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kwambiri kupanga mitundu ya ampel mitundu molondola. Amatha kupanga mphukira yaitali, osasintha nthawi. Mphukira zoterezi zimamera pokha kumapeto. Ngati apfupikitsidwa, maluwa atsopano sadzawoneka posachedwa kuposa masabata 3-4.
Zosangalatsa za nyengo yozizira
Mu nyengo zosiyana, fuchsia akukumana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo wake ndi chitukuko. Kuphatikiza pa nthawi ya kukula kwachangu ndi maluwa, muyenera kudziwa zomwe mungachite ndi fuchsia mu kugwa ndi chisanu.
Ngati nthawi yachangu ikukula komanso maluwa akudutsa nthawi zambiri, pakugwa nthawi ya ulimi wothirira yafupika, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira imathiridwa madzi awiri pa mwezi.
M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa mpweya mu chipinda cha fuchsia chiyenera kukhala mpaka 15 ° C. Chomeracho chidzakhala bwino pa madigiri 8-10. Kutentha kwa nyengo kumalowa kungatheke pa khonde kapena loggia, koma muyenera kutsimikiza kuti kutentha kulibe kwambiri. Mwa njira, m'nyengo yozizira simukuyenera kutentha.
M'nyengo yozizira, nkofunika kuti chomera chikhale bwino. Pobwezeretsa mphamvu, mu nyengo yatsopano fuchsia idzakupatsani maluwa ambiri, omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. Pofuna kulimbitsa mphamvu ya chomera, m'pofunika kuigwiritsa ntchito nyengo yozizira isanakwane dormancy ndikuchotsa tizirombo zonse.
Njira ziwiri zobereketsera
Fuchsia ikhoza kufalikira m'njira ziwiri - ndi mbewu ndi kumtumikizanitsa.
Kubalana ndi mbewu. Zofalitsa zofalitsa mbewu makamaka makamaka obereketsa. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti fuchsia inakula kuchokera ku mbewu sizisunga momwe zimayambira (izo sizimagula kawirikawiri).
Pofalikira ndi mbewu, m'pofunika kuchotsa chomera chokha chomera ndi zomera zake ndi tizilombo. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani nyemba kuchokera ku maluwa osagwedezeka, gwiritsani ntchito mungu wa mbeu ya bambo pa tsankho la pistil. Kenaka nsalu kapena pepala zimayikidwa pa duwa, kuziyika ndi ulusi pansi pa maluwa, zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi tizilombo.
Pambuyo kucha, chipatsocho chimadulidwa kuchotsa mbewu, zomwe ziyenera kuumitsidwa m'tsogolomu.
Nkhumba za Fuchsia zimafesedwa pa gawo lapansi lonyowa popanda kuthira. Zinthu zowonjezera kutentha zimapangidwira chidebecho ndikuwunika bwino ndikutsatila kutentha kwa chipinda. Mu masabata angapo, mphukira ziyenera kuoneka. Pakapita miyezi ingapo, zimamera, ndipo patatha miyezi ingapo zimabzalidwa miphika yosiyana.
Kumalo akunja, mbande ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa popanda kusintha kwa zinthu zosakhala zotentha, akhoza kufota ndi kufa.
Kubalana ndi cuttings. Njira yodalirika yopangira fuchsia - cuttings. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, koma masika ndi nthawi yabwino. Achitsamba aang'ono amatengedwa 10-20 masentimita kutalika. Masamba a m'munsi amachotsedwa, ndipo zina zonse zimfupikitsidwa ndi theka.
Kwa rooting, phesi imayikidwa mu madzi osasulidwa ndi yokutidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki kapena botolo. Pa masiku 4-10, mizu imawoneka. Osasowa kudikirira mpaka atapangidwira kwambiri, akhoza kuchitidwa mwamsanga mu gawo lapansi.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kutenga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, popeza akuluakulu ndi owopsa, ndipo nthawi ya rooting yawo yayitali kwambiri.
Fuchsia Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Fuchsias sagwidwa ndi matenda komanso kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri mavuto amabwera pakakhala chisamaliro chosayenera ndi kuthirira.
Matenda a Fuchsia ndi tizirombo:
- Pali mikwingwirima yachikasu kapena mawanga ofiira pa masamba m'nyengo yozizira - wothirira madzi ambiri. Nkhondo: pangani madzi okwanira;
- Yellowness imaonekera pakati pa mitsempha ya masamba - manganese ikusowa. Nkhondo: Dyetsani chomera ndi feteleza chomwe chili ndi zinthu zofunika;
- Madontho a dew akuwonekera pamapazi ndi mawanga oyera - chifukwa cha mvula yochuluka kwambiri. Nkhondo: kupopera mbewu ndi njira yothetsera;
Masamba a masamba - osati magnesium ndi nayitrogeni. Nkhondo: manyowa chomera ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi zinthu zofunika;- Kusamba masamba - kuthirira madzi okwanira, kuwala pang'ono, mpweya wouma. Kulimbana: perekani zinthu zabwino kwa mbewu;
- Kutsika kwa mbola - ulimi wothirira umatha, duwa limasokonezeka pa nthawi ya maluwa. Nkhondo: musakonzenso mphika panthawi ya maluwa, normalize kuthirira;
- Maluwa ochepa - chakudya chokwanira, kuwala kapena kutentha komanso kusakwanira okwanira. Kulimbana: dziwani kuti ndi ziti zomwe zili pamwambazi ziri ngati zifukwa zina ndizokhazikitsanso;
- Brown mabwalo amaonekera pamunsi mwa masamba - matenda a dzimbiri. Nkhondo: Chotsani masamba odwala, onetsetsani chomeracho ndi Topaz, chitani zipangizo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi chomera;
- Kuwoneka kwa ntchentche zoyera - mphutsi za ntchentche zimamwa kuyamwa kwa mbewu. Nkhondo: Sambani masamba ndi madzi odzola, yambani fuchsia ndi kukonzekera kwakapadera.
Masamba a masamba - osati magnesium ndi nayitrogeni. Nkhondo: manyowa chomera ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi zinthu zofunika;Ndikofunikira! Ngati fuchsia siili pachimake, chifukwa cha ichi chikhoza kukhala kusowa kwa kuwala, zakudya, kutentha kwambiri mu chipinda, kuthirira madzi ambiri.
Malangizo olima maluwa
- M'nyengo yozizira ndiwopa kuopa kutentha kwa mizu ya mbewu. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi kukula maluwa mu mphika wa ceramic wakuda.
- Fuchsia ndi yovuta kwambiri kumalo ololedwa, malo ake ayenera kukhala osatha. Ngati fuchsia sakonda chinachake, iyo ikhoza kusamba masamba.
- Pamene fuchsia sichikwanira, imatha kutambasula, koma siidzaphuka. Pozindikira malo oterewa, ndikofunika kuthetsa vutoli powapatsa kuwala kofunikira.
- Kuperewera kwa fuchsia ndi feteleza sikuli koyenera, chifukwa chifukwa cha izi zidzatulutsa masamba obiriwira ndipo mwina ndi maluwa angapo okha.
- Ngati chomeracho chinali chopsinjika kwa nthawi yina chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa kapena kusowa zakudya ndi madzi, zikhoza kulimbikitsidwa bwino ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwala ndi zowonjezera kukula.
