Tomato amakhala ndi kukongola, kulawa ndi kupindula. Dziko lawo ndi mayiko ofunda. Ku Ulaya, iwo anabwera poyamba monga zokongola zomera. M'nyengo yotentha, zomera zosasangalatsa komanso zopanda dzuwa sizifuna kusamalira mosamala. Koma kumpoto iwo amakula mwakuya kwambiri. Mbeu zathanzi zimatsimikizira kukolola kwa tomato. Kwa ambiri, mbande imatambasula, imatuluka ndipo imayamba kuphulika. Koma mungapewe mavutowa mwa kutsatira malamulo osavuta.
Mtengo wa malo osankhidwa bwino
Wapamwamba kwambiri nthaka kusakaniza amadziwika wochuluka fruiting. Ngati sizabwino, tomato adzakhala odwala komanso ofooka. Simungagwiritse ntchito malo a munda kapena nthaka ya wowonjezera kutentha, izi sizikutheka kuti palibe chomwe chikuchitika.
Mbande za tomato zakonzedwa kuchokera ku zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndipo zimakhala zoyenera kukonzekera. Tomato ali ndi nthambi yamtundu wa mizu, 70% yomwe imakhala ndi mizu yozizira. Kapangidwe kawo kamapereka gawo la pamwamba pa mbeuyi ndi chinyezi chofunikira ndi zakudya.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa nthaka yokonzedweratu
Ngati sizingatheke kugwiritsira ntchito zosakaniza zogulidwa, Mukhoza kuphika nokha nthaka. Zopangidwa ndi manja nthawi zonse zimakhala zotetezeka, makamaka chifukwa mbande za phwetekere zimakhala zovuta kwambiri panthaka.
Ubwino wa zokometsera nthaka:
- Mukhoza kuphika molingana ndi momwe mumayambira ndikusunga nambala yeniyeni ya zofunikira zomwe mukufuna.
- Kuwononga ndalama.
Kuipa:
- Nthawi yophika kwambiri.
- Muyenera kutsatira molondola Chinsinsi.
- Nthaka ikhoza kuipitsidwa.
- Kupeza ndi kugula zigawo zoyenera kuchotsa kungatenge nthawi ndi ndalama zambiri.
Kupanga
Zida zofunika
Kuphika zokha zanu za tomato, mukusowa:
- nthaka kapena masamba;
- peat yosakhala acidic (pH 6.5);
- mchenga (makamaka mtsinje kapena kutsukidwa);
- manyowa omwe amakula bwino;
- anaphwanya phulusa (kapena ufa wa dolomite);
- sphagnum moss;
- singano zakugwa.
Zida zosayenera
Musagwiritsire ntchito feteleza zokhala ndi zobiriwira zomwe zikuchitika. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kutentha kwakukulu kumatulutsa, zomwe mbewu zimatha kutentha (ndipo ngati zitha kukwera, zidzamwalirabe ndi kutentha kwakukulu).
Zoipa za dongo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa zimapangitsa dothi kukhala lolemera komanso lolemera kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! M'nthaka pali kuwonjezereka kwazitsulo, kotero musagwiritse ntchito nthaka, yomwe ili pafupi ndi msewu waukulu wotanganidwa.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji dothi kusakaniza kunyumba kwa tomato?
Pogula nthaka yosakaniza yokonzeka pali mwayi wokhala nthaka yowawa. Ngakhale ndi Kuwonjezera kwa mchere feteleza, chofunika chitukuko cha phwetekere chomwe chinayesedwa kuti chifesedwe sichingakhoze kupezeka mmera. Pa chifukwa ichi, mmera wa tomato ndi odziwa bwino nyengo ya chilimwe wapangidwa pamanja.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji nthaka ya phwetekere mbande kunyumba? Konzani ndi kusakaniza. Pochita izi, polyethylene imafalikira pansi ndikutsanulira muyeso yolondola ya chigawo chirichonse.
Mbande zimapangidwa motere.:
- Mbali imodzi ya mchenga ndi mchenga umaphatikizidwira ku gawo limodzi la nthaka ya sod.
- The chifukwa kusakaniza bwinobwino kusakaniza, ndiyeno madzi ndi michere yankho zopangidwa 25-30 magalamu a superphosphate, potaziyamu sulphate ndi 10 magalamu a urea pa 10 malita a madzi.
Njira ina:
- Sods, peat ndi humus zimasakanizidwa mofanana.
- Ndiye izo zachitidwa motere: ma bokosi awiri ofanana a superphosphate ndi theka lita imodzi ya phulusa amawonjezeredwa mu chidebe chimodzi cha gawo lapansi.
Pa nthawi yoyamba ya mbeu kumera, safunikira zambiri. Choncho, musagwiritsire ntchito feteleza pokonzekera dothi la mbande, nthaka yapachiyambi ndi yowonjezera yokha. Manyowa amafunika panthawi yomwe masamba oyambirira akuwonekera. Zakudya zina zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito patangotha masabata angapo pambuyo pa kumera.
Kuti mukonzere molondola nthaka yabwino ya tomato, penyani kanema:
Disinfection
Kutsekula m'magazi n'kofunika kuti muwononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera mbande. Mmodzi wa iwo - promorozka. Njira zina zimaphatikizapo mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Njira imodzi. Dziko lokonzedweratu losakaniza limathiriridwa ndi njira yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate (3 g pa madzi okwanira 10 l), kenako nkukonzekera ndi kukonzekera kwa antifungal.
- Njira yachiwiri. Nthaka ya mmera imayikidwa mu chikwama cha nsalu kapena chidebe chosungunuka ndikuyikidwa kwa mphindi 45. Mukhoza kuwotcha pansi mu uvuni, koma kenako, pamodzi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zakudya zofunikira zimatha.
Thandizo! Kutanganidwa kumeneku kumangotheka, n'zotheka kuyika mbeu muzakumwa zadothi.
Chiyeso cha Acidity
Pamene mukukonzekera nthaka ya tomato, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa acidity mlingo wake. Mu mchere wambiri wa acidic pali mwendo wakuda ndi keel. Pali njira zingapo zodziwira nthaka.
- pezani pepala lapadera la litmus;
- Chipangizo cha Alyamovsky;
- chiwerengero cha nthaka;
- perekani ziyeso ku labotori;
- viniga / hydrochloric acid;
- mpesa wa mphesa;
- choko;
- amadziwika pogwiritsa ntchito udzu: ambiri a iwo amakonda malo amtundu winawake.
Zomwe aciditi ziyenera kukhala nthaka ya tomato ndi momwe angaonetsetse zokolola zawo, talemba pano.
Mayeso a Litmus
Pepala la litmus lingagulidwe pa pharmacies, m'masitolo ogulitsa ndi m'masitolo kwa amisiri. Amakhala ndi magulu angapo omwe amachiritsidwa ndi reagent omwe amasintha mtundu malingana ndi chilengedwe. Ndondomeko ya pepala la litmus lotsatira:
- Timatenga zitsanzo kuchokera pansi mozama komanso mabedi osiyanasiyana.
- Gwiritsani dothi lokulunga muzitsulo zitatu ndikuyika mu mtsuko wa madzi opangidwa ndi madzi oyera (ogulitsidwa ku pharmacy).
- Gwiritsani mtsuko wa madzi ndikuwongolera mayeso a litmus m'madzi kwa masekondi angapo mpaka mtundu wake utasintha.
- Tsimikizani kuti acidity ya liner muyikidwa.
Alyamovsky chipangizo
Chipangizochi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madzi ndi mchere wadziko lapansi. Pogwiritsira ntchito, zofananazo zimafunikanso monga tsamba la litmus.
Mitha
Izi ndizomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zambiri zomwe zimakulolani kudziwa momwe nthaka ikuchitira, komanso kutentha kwake, kutentha ndi kuwala.
Mankhwala opangira mankhwala
Laboratory - ndiyo njira yolondola kwambiri, komanso yokwera mtengo kwambiripamene kusanthula nthaka kukuyenera kuchitika m'malo osiyanasiyana mobwerezabwereza.
Viniga / hydrochloric acid
Njira iyi ikhoza kuonedwa ngati yotchuka. Ndikofunika kuthirira nthaka yochepa kuchokera m'munda ndi pang'ono pokhapokha madzi otchedwa hydrochloric acid kapena viniga. Ngati thovu zimawoneka pamwamba pa nthaka yonyowa, pH mtengo wa nthaka iyi ndi yachibadwa. Ngati palibe zomwe mukuchita, muyenera kupanga laimu pa tsamba.
Mphesa wamphesa
Nthaka yotengedwa m'munda imalowa mu kapu ya madzi a mphesa. Ngati madzi amasintha mtundu komanso kuti mavule amatha kukhala pamwamba pake, ndiye kuti dothi losaloŵerera m'derali lili m'deralo.
Chalk
Kutengedwa:
- supuni ziwiri zonse za nthaka yofufuza;
- supuni zisanu za madzi kutentha;
- supuni imodzi ya supuni.
Kuphika:
- Zonsezi zimatsanuliridwa mu botolo, pamutu pake umene mbali yake, yomwe poyamba inamasulidwa kuchokera mlengalenga, imayikidwa.
- Botolo imayikidwa mu pepala kuti zotsatira za kuyesa zisasokoneze kutentha kwa manja.
Ngati nthaka pamalowa ilibe laimu wokwanira, ndiye kuti carbon dioxide idzapangika mu botolo nthawi yamagetsi. Iye amayamba kudzaza dzanja lake ndipo iye akuwongolera. Ndi mphamvu yochepa ya asidi ya nthaka, chidindo chake chidzawongolera ndi theka. Osalowerera ndale - osati olunjika konse.
Cholinga ndi zitsamba zakutchire
The chernozem ndi mkulu ndi ndale acidity ndi amakonda tirigu udzu, heather, plantain, pikulnik, veronika. European euonymus, larkspur, phulusa ndi pine zimakula pamwamba pa zamchere.
Kutsiliza
Nthaka yokonzedwa ndi malamulo onse a mbande ya phwetekere idzatulutsa zokolola zambiri pa dacha. Choncho, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa ku nthaka imene mbeu idzamera. Kusakaniza kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe ena. Zina mwazinthuzi ndi izi: kukhuta, kutaya, osati chilengedwe. Kupeza zizindikirozi ndi kotheka pokonzekera bwino nthaka.
