Nyenyezi yokonzekera phwetekere za mbatata kunyumba ndi mfundo zogwiritsira ntchito mfundozo

Pofuna kupeza tomato wochuluka, payenera kuperekedwa mwapadera kukonzekera kubzala - mbewu.

Pambuyo pochita njira zingapo zomwe zimathandiza kuti msanga ufike kumera, zimakhala bwino kudikira mphukira zoyamba nthawi yoyenera.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji nyembazo ndikukonza tomato musanabzala? Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimasankhidwa posankha mbewu? Izi ndi zina zambiri mumaphunzira kuchokera m'nkhani yathu.

Kodi ndikufunikira kukonzekera kakang'ono kofesa kunyumba?

Ndikofunikira! Kubzala nyemba zopanda kukonzekera kumapereka kumera pambuyo pa masiku makumi awiri. Iyi ndi nthawi yayitali yomwe alimi sangakwanitse.

Kuwonjezera apo Chotheka chokha komanso kusowa kwa kumera kwa mbewu, monga kawirikawiri pamabasi a masitolo mungapeze mbewu zabwino.

Ndicho chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'ana mbewu kuti zikhale zowonongeka ndi kumera musanayambe kubzala. Izi sizidzangopulumutsa kukhumudwa, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kuyembekezera kwa mphukira zoyamba.

Sungani kugula

Musanapite ku malo osungira mbeu, onani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato. Izi chikhalidwe cholemera mu mitundu, sankhani chofunika chipatso mawonekedwe, kukoma, nthawi yakucha, mbali za chisamaliro. Zomwe mukufunikira zimakhala zovuta kupeza pa intaneti.

Mukabwera ku sitolo, ganizirani mosamala mabokosi omwe ali ndi alumali moyo ndi umphumphu wa thumba. Zing'onozing'ono m'masamba a moyo wa mbewu, zoyambirira ziwoneka ngati zikuwombera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nthawi yosungirako ili chaka chimodzi, phwetekere idzawuka masiku 4-5, ngati zaka zitatu - masiku 7-10.

Ndi bwino kupatsa chisankho kwa mitundu yomwe imakhala ikukula m'deralo.

Kodi ndi njira iti yabwino yokonzekera njere musanagwiritse ntchito?

February-March ndi nthawi yabwino kuyamba kukonzekera mbewu za kumera.. Nthawiyi siinasankhidwe mwadzidzidzi: mbande zidzakhala zowonjezereka panthawi yomwe abzalidwa pansi, zomwe zidzalola kuti zikhale zosavuta kumalo atsopano.

Kumera bwino sikungotenge nthawi yaitali, mumangotenga njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito mbeu. Tidzatha kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yambiri yokonzekera mbewu za phwetekere.

Sakani

Mbewu yofunika ndi yofunika kuti muchotsepo choyipa, ndipo chofunika kwambiri ndi mbewu zopanda kanthu. Njira yophweka yotereyi:

1. Konzani njira ya saline - 1 h / l mchere pa 1 chikho cha madzi.
2. Onetsetsani zomwe zilipo mpaka mchere usungunuke.
3. Thirani nyembazo mu njirayi ndikupita kwa mphindi 20-25.
4. Kufufuza zotsatira: mbeu zoipa zidzayandama, ndipo zoyenera kufesa zidzakhala pansi pa galasi.
5. Chotsani mosamala mbewu zoyipa, ndi kusamba mbewu zabwino bwinobwino pansi pa madzi.
6. Akanikeni pa nsalu youma, kenako muzisiya.

Zomwe zimayambitsa mbeu zosayenera kubzala zimatanthauzidwa kuti alibe zakudya zowonjezera. Komabe, zimachitika kuti pakati pa mbewu zoterozo, pakhoza kukhala zabwino, zokha zowuma. Choncho, musanaponyedwe kunja, mutalephera kusamala, mosamala mosamala. Mbewu zosawonongeka zooneka zingasiyidwe.

Chiyeso chakumera

Kusunga zakuthupi musanafesedwe kumalimbikitsidwa kuti zimere. Izi zikhoza kuchitika motere:

1. Timatenga mbale kapena chidebe china pansi, kuika lashize kapena ubweya wa thonje mmenemo ndikuwongolera ndi madzi.
2. Timafalitsa mbewu, ndikuyesera kuzigawa mofanana.
3. Madzi ayenera kuphimba pang'ono mbewu.
4. Ngati puloteni imasankhidwa kuti imere, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuphimba mbewuyo pamwamba, yomwe imakhalanso yonyowa.
5. Onetsetsani kuthirira mbeu nthawi zonse, koma osati kuthirira. Apo ayi, iwo akhoza kuuma kapena kuvunda.
6. The momwe akadakwanitsira kutentha kwa kumera - 22-25 madigiri.
7. Kuti apange mpweya wabwino wa chinyezi, tikulimbikitsidwa kutseka chidebe ndi filimuyo ndi kutsegula pang'ono kwa mpweya wabwino.

Kuwuka

1. Pofuna kufulumira kumera, mbeu za phwetekere ziyenera kulowetsedwa mu chidebe chaching'ono pakati pa zigawo ziwiri za ubweya wa thonje kapena thumba la gauze.
2. Ndondomeko yothamanga yochepa - maola 12-18. Madzi ayenera kukhala kutentha.
3. Maola 4-5 onse ayenera kusintha.

Nkofunika kulera mbeu nthawi zonse kuchokera kumadzi.. Ndikofunikira kwa oxygenation yawo. Kuti mumve mosavuta, mungagwiritse ntchito filimuyo, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, zomwe zingapangitse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timafuna mkati mwa chidebecho.

Kusaka ndi zinthu zopanda mphamvu

Poonjezera zokololazo, nyemba ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi zinthu zopatsa mphamvu: chifukwa cha izi, mphukira zimapangidwa bwino ndikukula mofulumira.

Mitundu ndi njira za feteleza mbeu:

• madzi a mbatata, kapena madzi a alosi - mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1;
• sodium kapena potaziyamu - - ¼ h / l pa 1 l madzi;
• phulusa - 1 h / l phulusa pa madzi okwanira 1 litre;
• Kukonzekera kwapadera kwa chithandizo cha mbewu - "Wirtan Micro", "Immunocytophyte", "Epic".

1. Tengani nyembazo, ziyikeni mu thumba lapafupi ndikuziponya muzothetsera maola 12.
2. Ndiye mbeuyo iyenera kuuma popanda kutsuka ndi madzi.

Kuphulika

Kuwaza ndi sitepe yofunikira pokonzekera mbewu yobzala. Amapanga mbeu zowonjezera ndi mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimawonjezera kukula ndi kumera.

Njirayi idzafunika:

• Botolo la pulasitiki popanda khosi kapena mtsuko;
• chocheperitsa kapena chotchedwa aquarium compressor.

1. Thirani madzi mu botolo, mpaka pafupifupi theka la chidebe, pewani pepala kuchokera ku bokosi la gear kapena compressor mmenemo. Pamene zipangizo zikutsegulidwa, njira yowonjezera madzi ndi mpweya imayamba.
2. Timathira mbewu mu botolo, zomwe zimayamba kuyamwa madzi omwe athandizidwa kale ndi mpweya.
3. Nthaŵi ya mbewu ikuphulika ndi pafupi maola 12-18. Panthawiyi, sakanizani mbeuyi kangapo ndikusintha madzi.

Kuchita izi kumakupatsani inu kudzaza mbewu ndi mpweya kwambiri kuposa kungowasungira mlengalenga, chifukwa dera la mpweya lili ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono a mpweya.

Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, asiye nyembayo mpaka youma. ndipo pitani ku gawo lotsatira.

Kulemetsa

Zinthu za nyengo zingasinthe kwambiri. M'chaka chisanu chimakhala chachilendo, ndipo m'chilimwe mpweya wabwino umatha kufika madigiri 12. Monga aliyense amadziwira, tomato amakonda kutentha, chifukwa zomera izi, mpweya wozizira ukhoza kubweretsa mavuto osauka. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiumitse mbeu. Njirayi imathandiza kuwonjezera kukana kwa chitsamba kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuteteza chitetezo.

Thandizo. Mbeu zolimba zimayamba kuphuka poyamba, zokolola zimakula ndi 30-40%, malinga ndi zomwe asayansi ambiri amapeza, obereketsa. Kuonjezera apo, mbeu izi zimamera masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Kuumitsa kwa mbeu ndizo zipangizo zamakono:

1. Nkhumba zimasamutsidwa m'thumba la gauze ndikuyika mufiriji usiku ndi kutentha kwa madigiri oposa 10;
2. Timatulutsa mbewu masana ndikuwotentha pamtentha pafupifupi madigiri + 20.

Bwerezani izi ndondomeko 2-3 nthawi.

Kuwopsya kungatheke ndi mbewu zotupa. Izi zidzalola kuti mbande zisakhale ndi mantha usiku kutentha. Zovuta mbande kubereka kale kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.

Kutentha

Kusokoneza kumeneku kuyenera kuchitika ndi mbewu zomwe zakhala nthawi yaitali ozizira.. Kutentha kumayamba ndi kutentha mkati + madigiri 25 kwa masiku atatu. Masiku atatu otsatirawa pang'onopang'ono amadzetsa kutentha kwa madigiri 50. Pambuyo pake, ife timapanga madigiri 2-3 tsiku ndi tsiku, kupita nayo ku madigiri +80. Tsopano njere ndizokonzekera kukonzekera kotereku.

Disinfection

Kutsekula m'magazi kapena kuvala mbewu ndi njira yofunikira yokonzekera mbewu. Kawirikawiri mbewu zomwe zisanayambe kubzala zimakhala ndi mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Malangizo:

• Pofuna kuteteza matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, njira yothetsera potassium permanganate ndi yoyenera, yomwe mbeu ya tomato imayikidwa kwa mphindi 20.
• Ngati manganese sichiyandikira, njira ina ingakhale hydrogen peroxide 2-3%. Yankho liri lotentha mpaka madigiri 45, ndiye ife timayika mkatimo thumba la mbewu kwa mphindi 7-8.

Pambuyo pa disinfection, nyembazo zimanyowa madzi wamba kwa pafupi tsiku.

Timapereka kuti tiwone kanema pa momwe mungayankhire mankhwala a phwetekere:

Zosakanizidwa za phwetekere

Mbewu za mtundu wosakanizidwa sizimafuna kuumitsa ndi kupweteka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Mitundu ina yokonzekera: kusankha, kupukuta, kudyetsa, kuyima ndi kuyang'ana kumera - iyenera kuchitidwa.

Kutalika kwa kukonza zinthu zopanda mphamvu kumakhalabe kofanana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato.

Momwe mungasamalire nkhaniyo nokha?

Amaluwa ambiri samadzilemetsa okha ndi kusonkhanitsa mbewu pazokolola zawo ndikugula mbewu zopangidwa kale zokhazokha m'sitolo, koma pachabe. Pambuyo pake Mbeu zapakhomo zili ndi ubwino wambiri pa sitolo:

• Mbeu zosankhidwa ndi manja zimakula bwino;
• kukula kwa mbewu zapakhomo ndi zazikulu;
• Mbeu zapakhomo zimayambitsa matenda ambiri;
• mmera zokolola ndi apamwamba.

Kodi kuphika nthanga za phwetekere kubzala? Njirayi ndi yophweka:

1. Sankhani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato kuti muchotse mbewu.
2. Timasankha lalikulu ndi wochuluka fruiting phwetekere baka.
3. Tikudikirira kukwanira kwa phwetekere: timatenga chipatso ndikuchiika pamalo ouma, otentha, mwachitsanzo, pawindo lawindo (kwa masiku 14).
4. Zipatso zikakhala zofewa, mukhoza kuyamba kuchotsa mbewu.
5. Dulani phwetekere mu theka ndikuchotsa zamkati zonse ndi supuni ya supuni.
6. Kuti mulekanitse mbewu yabwino, ikani zamkati mu chidebe cha madzi.
7. Pambuyo pake, nyembazo zimatsukidwa, zouma ndi pepala lamapepala kapena nyuzipepala, zomwe zimaikidwa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono.
   Bungwe. Posavuta, matumba angasayinidwe ndi kutchula tsiku lokwanira ndi kalasi.

   Ndiye mukhoza kuyang'ana kanema momwe mungakolole ndi kukolola mbewu za phwetekere.

Miyezo yosungirako

Mutatha kusonkhanitsa mbeuzo, ndizofunika kudziwa momwe mbeu yosungiramo mbeu imathandizira.:

• Sungani ulamuliro wa kutentha - + madigiri 22-25.
• Kutentha sikuyenera kuwonjezeka - osapitirira 70%. Kupitiliza chiwerengerochi kungayambitse mbewu kumera nthawi yolakwika.
• Sungani nyemba mu phukusi lodzaza bwino mu malo amdima ndi owuma.

Mitundu yambiri yamatenda wosakanizidwa siyimayenera kusonkhanitsa mbewu. Iwo sangayembekezere kusungira mbewu zamtundu winawake. Musagwirizanitse mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Izi zingachititse kusungunuka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Podziwa mtundu wa kukonzekera mbeu za phwetekere, potsata ndondomeko za kusonkhanitsa ndi kusungirako, mukhoza kuonjezera kwambiri zokolola za masamba omwe mumakonda.