Odyera ku Russia akugwira ntchito ndi mapeyala pazaka zapitazi apanga banja lolimba komanso losiyana la mitundu yonse ya zokongola za peyala.
Pano ndi "Forest Beauty", ndi "Michurinsk Beauty", ndi "Kukongola kwa Russia", ndi mitundu ina yofanana, nthawi zambiri akulozera malo obadwira ndi kukula.
Peyala si malo otsiriza mu gulu lino. "Samara Kukongola", ndondomeko ndi chithunzi chomwe mungapeze pansipa.
Zikuwoneka kuti zakhala zikugwirizana ndi "golidi" amatanthauza kuti, "kukolola kwake" sikumadzipangitsa kukhala wofunitsitsa kuyembekezera zosabala zipatso zapatsogolo, ndipo pambali pake, nthawiyo imakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yoti idye chakudya cha chilimwe ndi mvula yaikulu ya August.
Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?
Pogwiritsa ntchito mwamsanga, zomwe zimatsimikizira nthawi yeniyeni ya zipatso, kucha "Samara Kukongola" ndi wa gulu la oyambilira oyambirira zipatso mbewu.
Kawirikawiri, kukula kwa zipatso za mtundu wotchulidwayo kumachitika (motsutsana ndi maziko a kumapeto kwa maluwa ndi kumapeto kwa maluwa) kumapeto kwa mwezi wa September.
Mitundu yophukira imaphatikizaponso Svetlyanka, Svarog, Otradnenskaya, Pamyati Yakovleva ndi Tema.
Mutatha kukolola chipatso Zitha kusungidwa pamalo ozizira ndi owuma osaposa mwezi. Pankhani yazitali za alumali mapeyala angawonongeke kwambiri.
Ponena za kuyambirira kwa mtengo, ndiko kuti, nthawi ya cholowa cholowa mu fruiting yogwira ntchito, zosiyanasiyana "Samara Beauty" ndi chikhalidwe cha chipatso chamakono.
Malingana ndi "pasipoti" yowonjezera, yoyamba yowonjezera kapena yochepa zokolola zazikulu zomwe amapereka kwa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi za moyo wake (osati pambuyo pobzala pulasitiki).
Pambuyo pafika pa mtengo wachibadwidwe wodalirika pa nyengo yabwino ndi chisamaliro chokwanira amanyamula zipatso pazitsamba zamakampani chaka chilichonse.
Zolemba Zake Zhegalov, Yakovlevskaya, Hera, Lada ndi Nursery zingabweretsenso zabwino.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Mitundu ya peyala yomwe ikufotokozedwa pano inabadwa m'dera la Middle Volga. Zinapangidwa poganizira za nyengo ndi zachilengedwe za mbali iyi ya Russia, yomwe, malingaliro a akatswiri ambiri, ndi oyenerera kuti pakhale chitukuko cholima mmunda.
Kusankhidwa kwa mitundu yatsopano kunkachitidwa ndi akatswiri a boma Research Institute of Horticulture ndi Mankhwala Opanga "Zhiguli Gardens" (dera la Samara) S. Kedrin, A. Kuznetsov, T. Kedrin.
Kuti mupeze mawonekedwe atsopano a peyala, mitundu yambiri ya peyala yololedwa bwinobwino "Kuybyshev Golden" (banja lachibale - mitundu "Kupambana" ndi "Minda") ndi peyala "Desi" (abambo awiri - Aleksandrovka ndi "Klapp wokondedwa").
Mu 2006, mitundu yatsopano inalembedwa mwalamulo mu State Varietal Register ndi regionalization mu Middle Volga ulimi dera (Samara dera).
Polima mapeyala "Chisangalalo cha Samara" m'madera ena, obereketsa amatsimikizira zonse zomwe zimapangidwa. zokonda ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola.
M'dera lino, mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala a Katolika, Krasnobokaya, Elena, Vernaya ndi Victoria ikuyenda bwino.
Kufotokozera mitundu Samara Kukongola
Peyala "Samara Kukongola" ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
Mtengo
Amadziwika bwino pafupifupi kapena kuposa kukula kwake (Akatswiri ena amaona kuti kukula kwa mtengo kumakhala kovuta).
Munthu nthawi zambiri amafikira kukula kwake mu nthawi yochepa. Makungwa a mitengo amakwirira makungwa a grey-green hue.
Korona, nthambi. Mtengo wa Samara Kukongola kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamapangidwe ka nthawi yake kumakhala korona wozungulira (nthawi zambiri oval) mawonekedwe. Nthambi yaikulu imatuluka m'thunthu pamtunda pafupi ndi ngodya yolondola.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, wamkuluyo amakula, nthambi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. M'magulu ang'onoang'ono, makungwa oyambirira ndi amitundu yobiriwira. Kore sakuopa dzuwa lambiri.
Akuwombera. Mphukira yowonongeka ya mtundu wofiirira kapena wofiirira wofiirira amapangidwa pamtengo. Kuphwanyidwa, mphukira zowonongeka zolembedwa zofooka zofooka.
Kawirikawiri amapezeka pamtengo wokwanira, wokhazikika. Monga lamulo, fruiting yopindulitsa imawoneka pa nthungo ndi ziphuphu.
Masamba. Pangani kuchokera kuphulika masamba, omwe amadziwika ndi kutalika kwa kutalika. Masamba opangidwa amakhala ndi mdima wobiriwira. Thupi la pepala lopangidwa ndi sing'onoting'ono limapangidwira. Sitani yachitsulo yamtengo wapatali ikulumikizika pakati.
Inflorescences Mitengo yamaluwa "Samara Beauty" ikuyembekezeredwa mtsogolo.
Zipatso
Pali mapeyala apakati ndi akulu. Pa mtengo wachikulire mtengo wokongola kwambiri nthawi zambiri umapsa kulemera kwake ndi 140-190 g.
Komabe, nyengo yabwino ndi agronomic mapeyala amalembedwa akulemera mpaka 350 g Zipatso ziri ndi mawonekedwe oyenera a peyala, kapena "silinette" ya "botolo".
"Samara Kukongola" Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta. Ngati panthawi yokolola wandiweyani, pepala lakuda peel ndi lobiriwira kwambiri, ndiye kuti nthawi yomaliza kusasitsa Pamaso ake obiriwira a chikasu pamakhala chikasu chofiira kwambiri chofiira.
Mitundu ing'onoing'ono yazing'ono zofiira zobiriwira zimaonekera bwino pakhungu.
Pa nthawi yomweyo mapira a peyala awa amadziwika ndi mtundu wake woyera komanso juiciness kwambiri. Ndili iye Kusagwirizana nthawi zina kungakhale kovuta.
Mkati mwa zamkati mu chisa cholumphira, nyemba zofiira zofiira zofiira. Zipatso zizikhala zochepa, pang'ono zokhoma mphukira.
Chithunzi
Zizindikiro
Mtundu wa "Samara Kukongola" Mtengo ndi wosiyana zipatso za pachaka zonyamula, kuyambira pa zaka 5 mpaka 6 za moyo wake. Pa nthawi imodzimodzi chaka chilichonse peyala kumawonjezera kukolola kwake.
Nyimboyi imalola omaluwa kuti azikolola zabwino. Makamaka, malinga ndi chiwerengero cha agronomical, mtengo wa mitundu iyi m'chaka cha 7 cha moyo ukhoza kusonyeza Apereke zipatso zokwana 30-35 makilogalamu a mtengo umodzi.
Ndipo mapangidwe a chipatso ndi otero Kwa nthawi yaitali amakhalabe ndi malonda awo ("msika"). Choncho, monga lamulo, zipatso izi sizikhala ndi mavuto ndi kukhazikitsidwa mu unyolo wamalonda.
Kulankhula za kukoma mtima kwakukulu kwa chipatso chokoma, zikudziwika pano amatchulidwa mokoma ndi wowawasa. Malingana ndi zokolola, Samara Kukongola mapeyala kungakhale kokoma kapena kokwanira. Malingana ndi msinkhu wa mfundo zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri za zipatso zokoma za zipatso, izi chikhalidwe chikuyang'ana pazigawo 3.8-4.1.
Kukoma kwabwino kumasonyezanso ndi mapeyala Moskvichka, Lel, Rogneda, Talgar Kukongola ndi Fairy.
Zinyamazo ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zipatso zake zikhoza kudyedwa mwatsopano ndi kusinthidwa (compotes, preserves, marmalades, jellies, etc.).
Ubwino wina wa "Kukongola kwa Samara" ndi mkulu wa chisanu kukana. Komabe, mbali zosiyanasiyana za zomera zimasiyana mozizira kwambiri. Makamaka ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa -35 ° C, masamba amatha kuonongeka.
Kawirikawiri, zosiyanasiyanazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino poika minda yayikulu yambiri yobzala mafakitale.
Mitengo yachisanu-yolimba imaphatikizapo mapeyala: Duchess, Tonkovetka, Skorospelka kuchokera ku Michurinsk, Severyanka ndi Sverdlovchanka.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Musanayambe kubzala "Samara Beauty", Ndikofunika kusankha malo abwino ndi otetezeka mmera wake.
Mfundo yaikulu pano, yomwe iyenera kukumbukiridwa - chipatso chabwino cha zipatso zosiyanasiyana m'tsogolomu chingathe perekani dothi lokhala ndi nthaka yambiri yakuda. Si chikhalidwe choipa chomwe chimayambira mizu ndi loam.
Mofanana ndi zikhalidwe zina zomwe poyamba zimakonda kutentha, Samara Kukongola kumafuna kuti malo oterewa akhale yopanda mphamvu komanso yotentha kwambiri ndi dzuwa.
Kupezeka kwa mthunzi wamba kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti zipatso za peyala zimataya shuga.
Kuwonjezera apo, peyala "Samara Beauty" silingalole nthaka yochuluka kwambiri. Ngati choopsa choterocho chiripo ndipo sichitha kudutsa m'njira iliyonse, m'pofunikira kukonza Kuthamangitsidwa kuchotsedwa kwa chinyezi chochuluka kuchokera pamalo otsetsereka. Kunyalanyaza izi motsimikiza Zidzakhala zofooketsa za mbeu, zomwe zingawononge imfa yake.
Pambuyo pa malo osankhidwa, nkofunika kukumba dzenje, kuya kwake ndi mamita 1, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi 60-70 cm. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti dzenje likhazikitsidwe kwa sabata ndi theka asanafike. Pambuyo kukumba analimbikitsa kutsanulira madzi a mandimu (2 magalasi a fluff pa madzi).
Pamene mmera wabzalidwa, izo Muzu wa mizu iyenera kutulutsa masentimita 5-6 kuchokera pansi. Ngati nyerere yosonyezedwayo isasungidwe, chemba mtengo ndi kubzala. Apo ayi mtengo udzakula kuyambira pachiyambi molakwika.
Mbewu ikatha, ndipo mizu yake ili mkati Kusakanikirana kwa nthaka (nthaka inachokera pamene ikumba dzenje + humus (2 ndowa), mchenga (2 ndowa) ndi 1 chikho cha superphosphate)Mzere wa Pristine wayamba kudzazidwa analekanitsa madzi (ndowa 2-3).
Pofuna kuteteza kuwonongeka kosayenera kwa nthaka pa thunthu la mtengo wachinyamata komanso kutayika mwamsanga kwa chinyezi, izi Malowa ali ndi 2-3 cm wosanjikiza wa mulch wopangidwa ndi youma humus ndi utuchi.
Njira zothandiza kusamalira bwino mbewu ndizo: ulimi wothirira kawirikawiri wa mtengo (makamaka m'nyengo yozizira), kumasulidwa kwa munda wa pistille, kufotokoza kwa panthaŵi yake kwa organic ndi mchere feteleza, kudulira nthambi zakufa ndi zowonjezereka.
"Samara Beauty" safunikanso njira zina zotetezera zowonongeka kwa nkhuni pasanapite nthawi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitundu ya peyalayi ndi ya mbewu zomwe osaopa matenda aakuluzobadwa mu zipatso zomera.
Makamaka, "Samara Kukongola" amasonyeza Kulimbana kwambiri ndi matendawa monga fungal, monga //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html masamba ndi zipatso.
Tikapenda zofunikira zonse zazinthu zosiyana siyana, tingathe kunena kuti "Chisamaliro cha Samara" ndizopeza zenizeni kwa alimi omwe akugwira ntchito zowonjezera zipatso.
