Yowutsa mudyera ndi zofiira bracts zimapangitsa Anthurium Andre kukhala yokongola kwambiri chomera. Anthurium bracts, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa maluwa, ikhoza kukhala yofiira, lalanje kapena yoyera.
M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana momwe tingamere chomera ichi pamsinkhu wamba wa chipinda kwa zaka zambiri komanso ngakhale kufalitsa bwino.
Malongosoledwe a botanical a zomera
Anthurium andreanum ndi chitsamba chobiriwira, chochokera ku banja la Aronnik ndi mtundu wa mitundu yoposa 600. Duwa ili ndi inflorescence ngati mawonekedwe achikasu ndi perianth. Inflorescence imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku maluwa ang'onoang'ono osiyanasiyana, mtundu wa perianth ukhoza kukhala wosiyana.
Anthurium imakula mu mphika chikhalidwe chifukwa cha masamba okongola ndi perianth zooneka ngati mtima. Mbalame, malingana ndi mitundu ya anthurium, ndi yoyera-matalala, burgundy, pinki, zonona kapena zobiriwira.
Mzere
Pa mtundu wa anthurium Andre ankagwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza, kufunafuna mitundu yatsopano yachilendo ndi yowala kwambiri ya bracts. Chifukwa cha kuswana mitundu yatsopano ya hybrids kunaonekera:
- Leganza. Wodziwika ndi mtundu wosazolowereka wa bracts - ndi kusintha kosavuta kuchokera ku pinki mpaka mtundu wobiriwira. Chimake chili ndi chikasu chachikasu cha inflorescence. Tsamba lofanana ndi nsonga yopindika. Wosakanizidwa ali ndi chitsamba chamtundu.
- Champion Masamba ndi aakulu, akuda, akuwala, ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa ndi mtundu wosiyana wa peanth: Pinki - ndi mtundu wa pinki, White - ndi kirimu.
- Mkonzi. Zili ndi maroon zofiira za bracts ndi lalikulu kuzungulira masamba obiriwira. Mtundu wabuluu ukhoza kukhala wowala kapena wowala, malingana ndi kukula kwake.
- Sakanizani Awa ndiwo hybrids, omwe mtundu wa coverlet uli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo masamba ali a mawonekedwe ozolowereka.
- Otazu. Zosakanikirana ndi mdima wofiira, wamtambo wachikasu ndi minofu, masamba obiriwira, omwe ali ndi mapiri.
- Khalani chete. Ili ndi mapepala obiriwira a pinki kapena a kirimu obiriwira komanso masamba obiriwira. Pokhala wochepa mphamvu, chitsamba chimasintha mtundu wa masamba kupita ku mdima.
- Belize Chivundikiro cha chibokosichi ndi chofiira, nthawizina amakhala ndi chiguduli chobiriwira pamphepete. Inflorescence ali ndi chikhalidwe chachikasu.
- Zosangalatsa. Zophatikiza ndi chitsamba chachikulu - zimayambira kufika mita imodzi. Mtundu wa bracts umasiyana kuchokera ku salimoni kupita ku pinki yowala. Inflorescence ndi wofiirira.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lachibadwa lakuti "Anthurium" linachokera ku mawu achigriki anthos ndi oura. Chilankhulo cholondola - "mchira wofalikira": dzina loyenerera kwambiri, kupatsidwa kwa inflorescence, lokhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tomwe timapanga.
Zomwe zimakulira kunyumba
Kunyumba, Anthurium Andre akhoza kukhala wamkulu popanda vuto, muyenera kumangotsatira zofunikira za chomera, kuthirira, feteleza ndi kutentha. Inunso simungaiwale kuti chomeracho chimasowa mpumulo ndi kutentha kwakukulu.
Kuunikira
Anthurium amakhala malo otentha, ndipo amafuna kuti azikhalamo. Chomeracho chimakonda kuwala kowala, koma sichilola kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ikhoza kukhala wamkulu pawindo, yomwe imayang'ana kumbali iliyonse ya dziko lapansi, koma m'nyengo yozizira idzaphuka pokha kumtunda wakumwera, kumpoto sikudzatha pachilimwe. 
Ngati palibe malo a duwa kulikonse kupatula zenera la kumpoto, vuto likhoza kuthetsedwa mwa kukhazikitsa kuunikira kwina. Kuunikira, mungagwiritse ntchito nyali yachibadwa ya fulorosenti kapena fitolamp yapadera.
Pezani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthurium yotchuka ndi wamaluwa.
Kutentha
Anthurium sali woyenera kubzala m'munda kapena pamtunda wa nyumba, ngakhale m'miyezi yotentha yotentha. Ikulimbana ndi dontho la kutentha mpaka 13 ° C ndi pansipa pokhapokha pafupikitsa. Kutentha kwa chipinda chabwino kwa Andre Anthurium kumachokera ku +18 kufika + 25 ° C.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Anthurium sakonda mpweya wouma chifukwa cha kuyendetsa mafakitale ndi ma drafts. Kuyanika masamba kumasonyeza kuti ndi zofunika kuti mupeze malo atsopano a malo a maluwa.
Komanso, duwa limakonda kwambiri chinyezi - pa chifukwa ichi nkofunika kuti utulutse masamba ake nthawi zambiri ndi madzi kuchokera mu botolo la kutsitsi. Ngati pali mwayi wotere, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mvula kapena kusungunula madzi pazinthu izi. 
Kusamalira kwanu
Pofuna kutulutsa maluwa a humanrium m'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kuti:
- Sungani maluwa pokhapokha ngati pamwambapo muli wouma.
- Kudyetsa moyenera kumadyetsa mokwanira miyezi iwiri iliyonse.
- Zomera zimaperekedwa nthawi yopuma ya masabata asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri (5-7) kutentha kwa pafupifupi 15 ° C.
Werengani zambiri za zinthu za kukula kwa anthurium kunyumba.
Kuthirira
Anthurium sakonda ngakhale nyengo yochepa ya chilala. Malo osankhidwa bwino a kulima adzadutsa chinyezi mwa iwo okha, kuteteza madzi a mizu.
Maluwa omwe akufunsidwa sali woyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi opopopi a matepi. Madzi apampopi am'phika, kenaka yikani mandimu pang'ono kuti mufewetse kuuma. Pambuyo pake, tetezani chidebe chatsekedwa ndi madzi kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu ndikugwiritsanso ntchito madzi okwanira. Kutentha kwa madzi kwa ulimi wothirira ayenera kukhala kutentha kutentha kuti usayambe kutentha kwa mbewu. 
Kudiririra kungatheke m'njira zingapo:
- madzi pansi pazu;
- kukonza ulimi wothirira;
- spray masamba ndi madzi kuchokera mu botolo la kutsitsi;
- kuthira madzi okwanira mu poto.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi opopera ulimi wothirira kumawonjezera pH mtengo mu gawo lapansi. Popeza anthurium salola kulemba dothi, ndikofunika kusintha gawo lodzala chaka ndi chaka. Kuti kulima anthurium kugwiritsire ntchito dothi la peat.
Kupaka pamwamba
Chomeracho chiyenera kukhala m'dera la mizu ya fetereza zamadzimadzi. Kudyetsa ndi kofunika kuchita kuyambira nthawi ya April mpaka September, nthawi zonse, ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri.
M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa zakudya zimachepetsedwa - kungodyetsa maluwa kamodzi pa miyezi iwiri iliyonse. Anthurium amadyetsedwa ndi fetereza kwa a orchid kapena a bromeliad. Zovala zapamwamba zingagulidwe pa masitolo ogulitsa maluwa.
Monga feteleza wachilengedwe, malo ogona khofi kapena eggshell yosweka ndi yoyenera. Kuti muwagwiritse ntchito mu mphika ndi chomera, chotsani mosamalitsa dothi la pamwamba (2-3 masentimita), kenaka musakanize feteleza wachirengedwe ndi nthaka iyi ndikubwezeretsani gawolo kumalo ake.
Video: Kodi ndi zotani kuti manyowa a manrium azitsuka
Kudulira
Maluwa owuma ndi masamba a humanrium amadulidwa pansi ndi mpeni kapena lumo. Kudulira zina sikoyenera, monga chomera sichimabala nthambi zotsalira ndipo chiri chokhazikika, ndiko kuti, kukhala ndi mfundo inayake ya kukula. Masamba akale okongoletsedwa bwino a anthurium amakhala obiriwira, okwera ndipo amatha kufika kutalika kwa pafupifupi masentimita 100.
Kuwaza
Pokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndi kukula kwabwino, duwa posachedwa lidzafuna mphamvu yowyala yaikulu. Chizindikiro chotizira ndi mawonekedwe a mizu panthaka pamwamba. Kuziika palokha sikovuta ndipo kumachitika mkati mwa mphindi zingapo. Nthawi yoyenera yothandizirayi ndikumayambiriro kwa masika. 
Mbewu ndi yabwino kwambiri lotayirira dothi, yosungunuka ndi chinyezi ndi mpweya. Zofunikira izi zimagwirizana ndi gawo lotsirizidwa la orchids, lomwe lingagulidwe pa masitolo a maluwa. Musanadzalemo, nthaka imasakanizidwa ndi pang'ono puloteni ya polystyrene. Pofuna kupewa bogging, kukhetsa madzi kumayikidwa mu mphika: zidutswa zadothi kapena mbale za ceramic, nthambi zamatabwa zidzakhala zoyenera.
Momwe mungasinthire anthurium:
- Sungani pang'onopang'ono mbali zonse za maluwa kuchokera pansi, pamene chipinda chadothi ndi mizu chikulekanitsidwa ndi makoma a mphika. Ngati chipindacho sichikwanira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni mwamphamvu mkati mwa mphika.
- Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka, chomeracho chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi dzanja limodzi, pamene chimzake chiyenera kuyendetsa mphika pansi.
- Mphika watsopano wamaluwa panthawi ino uyenera kukhala wodzala pang'ono ndi gawo lokonzedwa.
- Mzuwu umatetezedwa ku zitsalira zakale za nthaka pamene zingatheke.
- Anthurium imayikidwa mumphika watsopano pakati, kenako mizu imadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi, kuphatikiza nthaka.
- Chomera choikidwacho chimamwetsedwa moyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chomeracho chikhala motalika kwambiri mu mphika wa voliyumu yaing'ono, pangakhale kusowa kochepa kwa zakudya. Anthurium imasonyeza izi ndi masamba obiriwira, ophulika komanso akufota maluwa.
Kuswana
Kupeza zomera zatsopano zimakhala ndi luso lina. Pali njira zingapo zobereka: pogawa chitsamba, kudula ndi kubzala mbewu.
Kutema chitsamba
Zomera zomwe zafotokozedwa n'zosavuta kufalitsa motere. Ndondomekozi ziyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa nyengo komanso makamaka pa zomera zakulirapo. 
Momwe mungagawire chitsamba:
- Anthurium amachotsedwa mosamala pamphika.
- Mzuwu umagawidwa mosamala m'magulu angapo ndi dzanja kapena ndi mpeni.
- Pa mbali zonse zolekanitsidwa ziyenera kukhala mizu komanso masamba.
- Mitengo yosiyana imabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo m'nthaka.
Cuttings
Nthawi yochuluka ndi kuleza mtima kumafuna anthurium panthawi yobereka polemba pamodzi.
Kodi kufalitsa chomera chomera:
- Pachifukwa ichi, mphukira imasankhidwa ndi zigawo zing'onozing'ono, zomwe ziri primordia za mizu yamtsogolo.
- The cuttings amadulidwa ndi mpeni kwambiri pa ngodya 45 °.
- Madzi odulidwa amaikidwa mu kapu yamadzi, yomwe imayikidwa pamalo abwino.
- Kuti apange mizu, kutentha kwabwino m'chipindamo kuli pafupi + 20 ... + 25 ° C.
- Zitha kutenga masabata angapo kuti mizu yoyamba ikhale yoonda. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti tizidulidwe tingabzalidwe mu nthaka pokhapokha mapangidwe a mizu yaitali komanso yayitali. Ochepa ndi ofooka sangathe kupereka chomera chokhala ndi madzi ndi zakudya zokwanira.
Ndikofunikira! Anthurium ili ndi poizoni, kotero masamba ake ndi maluwa sangathe kufufuzidwa, zomwe nthawi zambiri ana ndi zinyama amakonda kutero, chifukwa izi zingachititse poizoni.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Ngati nyemba, zipatso zochepa zimapangidwira maluwa atatha maluwa, mukhoza kukula anthurium kuchokera ku mbewu. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe mbeu imera kumakhala yochepa, ayenera kufesedwa mwamsanga mukatha kukula. 
Momwe mungapezere zomera zatsopano kuchokera ku mbewu:
- Mbewu imachotsedwa ku chipatso, kutsukidwa bwino m'madzi kuchokera kumkati ndi madzi (madzi amaletsa kumera).
- Mbeu zimaloledwa kuti ziume pang'ono, kenako zimafesedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kumtunda pamwamba pa peat kapena gawo la mchenga.
- Mbeu zing'onozing'ono zisagone pamwamba, chifukwa zimafuna kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti zizitha kumera.
- Chombo chodzala ndi mbewu chimadzazidwa ndi chivindikiro choyera (galasi kapena polyethylene), yomwe imatsegulidwa kawiri pa tsiku kwa theka la ola loti liwombe.
- Nthaka imasungidwa nthawi pang'ono mvula yambiri, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi abwino otulutsa utsi.
- Kuti mbeu ikumera m'chipinda, m'pofunika kukhala ndi kutentha kwa 20%.
- Mphukira yoyamba idzaoneka kuchokera pansi pa masiku khumi ndi awiri.
- Pambuyo pawiri masamba awiri enieni amapanga mbande zazing'ono, amadzika, amawabzala m'mabotolo.
Zingakhale zovuta kukula
Kutayidwa kwa masamba ndi kuphulika kwa masamba kungakhale ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zomwe sizikugwirizana nthawi zonse ndi infestation ya duwa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda. Chimodzimodzinso ndi tsamba lakugwa ndi lofooka kapena kupanga maluwa kwathunthu. 
Zolakwitsa zingatheke kusamalira anthurium:
- Anthuriums samafuna kuwala kolunjika, koma amafunikira kuwala kowala. Ngati kuwala sikukwanira, chomeracho sichitha. Mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri ya masamba omwe sapezeka amasonyezanso kupanda kuwala. Pankhaniyi, malo a mphika ayenera kusinthidwa.
- Mawanga owuma pa masamba amasonyeza kusowa kwa chinyezi. Maluwa ayenera kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri, ndipo masamba a chomera ayenera kupopedwa ndi madzi okhala ndi madontho angapo a mandimu.
- Kuwaza masamba a humanrium kumasonyeza kuti chomeracho chimakhala ndi dzuwa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, akulimbikitsanso kusintha malo a duwa.
- Mzere wonyezimira pamasamba umasonyeza mpweya wozizira kwambiri ndi chinyezi chochuluka m'nthaka.
- Kudyetsa kobwerezabwereza kungapangitse kuti masamba asasinthe. Ngati dothi kapena gawo lapansi liri ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zakudya zake, nthawi yowonjezereka ikutha.
- Kudyetsa masamba ndi kufa chifukwa cha maluwa - pH ndi yaikulu kwambiri m'nthaka. Chomeracho chikusowa gawo la asidi. Chotsani gawo lakale mumphika ndikudzaza malo opanda pake ndi gawo lapansi lokhala ndi peat.
Mukudziwa? Mtundu wachikuda mu mawonekedwe a mtima si maluwa a humanrium, koma ndiwopanda. Maluwa ake enieni amapangidwa ndi timadontho ting'onoting'ono ting'onoang'ono, tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati, yomwe ili pakati. Ntchitoyi ndi chitetezo cha maluwa.
Matenda
Malo okhala otentha, monga zomera zamba, amatha kugwidwa ndi tizilombo towononga ndi kukula kwa matenda. Kusamalidwa bwino kumathandizanso maonekedwe awo: ngati palibe njira zowonongeka zomwe zimatengedwa, izi zingachititse kuti mbewuyo iphedwe. 
Ngakhale kuti maluwa amakonda kumakhala chinyezi, anthurium amatha kudwala ngati ali wambiri kuthirira madzi, koma mizu yake ili mu gawo lakuda, lopanda kanthu. Mizu yayitali mu madzi imabweretsa chitukuko cha mizu yovunda, yomwe siyiyendetsa mankhwala. Monga ambulansi, chomeracho chikhoza kuchotsa zowola ndi mizu ya slimy, nthawi yomweyo ikani maluwa mu gawo loyenera, ndiyeno kuchepetsa kanthawi chinyezi. Komabe, miyeso imeneyi sikuti nthawi zonse imakhala yopambana, ndipo mizu yomwe imadwala maluwa imatha kufa.
Anthurium imayambanso matenda a fungal:
- Anthracnose. Zimapezeka mutatha kuthirira ndi kuthirira madzi. Zimayambitsa mawanga wakuda pa masamba.
- Septoria. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi malo amodzi omwe ali ndi bulauni yakufa ndi madzulo.
- Fusarium, rhizoctoniosis.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yooneka ngati ya mtima komanso maluwa a nthawi yaitali amachititsa kuti Anthurium akhale wokongoletsa nyumba. Pali hybrids ndi mitundu yokongola ya bracts: chokoleti, burgundy, wakuda, wobiriwira, pinki, woyera ndi wofiira.
Tizilombo
Maluwawo akutsutsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amadya maselo ndi madzi ake:
- Nsabwe za m'masamba zimayamwa madzi a anthurium ndipo zimakhala ngati magwero a matenda a fungal. Mitengo yaing'ono ndi masking ya tizirombo imawalola kuti apite mosazindikira kwa nthawi yaitali. Kukhalapo kwawo kumasonyezedwa ndi kutuluka pang'onopang'ono komanso kuwonongeka kwa masamba ndi maluwa - pakali pano, ziyenera kutengedwa mwamsanga. Pofuna kuteteza kufalikira kwa tizilombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayika paokha. Kuti awononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo monga mawonekedwe a granules ndi sprayed zamadzimadzi.
- Mtundu wa masamba - kuchokera ku imvi wobiriwira kupita ku mkuwa kapena wobiriwira ndi wachikasu, umasonyeza kuukira kwa kangaude. Kuyang'anitsitsa masamba kumatulutsa ukonde woonda kwambiri umene umakhudza madera a anthurium. Mankhwalawa sangathe kuwona popanda microscope - kukula kwake kwa kangaude ndi 0.6 mm. Poyeretsa chomera cha nkhuku, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osakaniza a chitsamba kapena kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timaphatikizapo madzi okwanira. Kupukuta masamba okhudzidwa ndi siponji ya soapy kumbali zonsezi kumathandizanso kulimbana ndi kangaude, koma njira iyi siilondola ngati pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa zomera.
Anthurium ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri chomwe chimakongoletsa chipinda chilichonse ndi zomera zake zosaoneka bwino. N'zosavuta kumusamalira akamakula pakhomo.Ngati zofunika pa malo, kutentha kwa madzi ndi ulimi wothirira, anthurium amakondwera ndi wolima pafupifupi chaka chonse ndi zokongoletsera za bracts, zomwe zimatchedwa maluwa.
