Anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi wamaluwa, akukula tomato okha, amasankha mitundu yabwino kwambiri, ndipo imodzi mwa iyo imayenera kuganiziridwa moyenera "Openwork". M'nkhani ino timafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zinthu zonse za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndikukuuzani momwe mungasamalirire.
Kuwoneka ndi kufotokoza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Zipatso zimafera poyambirira - zokolola zoyamba zasonkhanitsidwa kale pa sabata la 15-16 patatha mphukira zoyamba. Iwo akhoza kukhala wamkulu mu nthaka yotseguka ndi pansi pa chivundikiro cha kanema.
"Zotchuka zapadziko lapansi", "Maryina Roshcha", "Black Prince", "Mirasi ya rasipiberi", "Katya" , "Ljana", "Wofiira ndi wofiira", "Sanka", "Maapulo a golidi", "Bison ya shuga".
Iwo ali oyenerera kukula mu dziko ndi m'munda, komanso pakukula masamba ndi mtundu wa deterministic - pamene tsinde imasiya kukula pambuyo kumanga zingwe zochepa (kawirikawiri 4-5) ndipo chitsamba chimapereka mbewu mofulumira, kamodzi pa nyengo.
Kutalika kwa chitsamba kumatha kufika masentimita 80, masamba ndi aakulu, mawonekedwe a inflorescences ndi osavuta, tsinde lafotokozedwa. Chiwerengero cha zisa - kuyambira 4 mpaka 6. Kukolola kwa nyengo ya tomato "Openwork" ikufikira 6 makilogalamu pa 1 lalikulu. m Ndi kusamalira bwino ndi kudyetsa kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi mukhoza kusonkhanitsa mpaka 8 kg ya zipatso.
Mukudziwa? Tomato monga zipatso motsatira botany ndi zipatso. Koma mu 1893, Khoti Lalikulu la ku United States linavomereza kuti ngakhale malingana ndi kafukufuku wa zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso, zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito monga masamba, motero, malinga ndi malamulo a miyambo, ayenera kukhala ndi masamba.
Zizindikiro za zipatso zosakanizidwa
Zipatsozo zimakhala zosalala, zosalala, ndi minofu yambiri yambiri, yowutsa mudyo komanso yokoma mu kukoma. Kujambula mitundu ya zipatso zosapsa kumakhala kobiriwira, ndipo kucha kucha kofiira. Mmodzi wa iwo amalemera kuchokera 220 mpaka 260 g.
Pophika, tomato amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera saladi, ozizira ozizira ndi zotentha, komanso zamzitini, zopanga madzi ndi pasitala.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana
Ubwino wa tomato "Openwork" ndi:
- chokolola chachikulu;
- chiwonongeko;
- kutalika kwa chitsamba;
- Chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda ambiri (powdery mildew, mizu ndi kuvuta kwa apical, etc.);
- kulawa zamkati zazikulu;
- kuphika mosiyanasiyana.
- kunyalanyaza chisamaliro;
- chosowa chowonjezeka cha kudyetsa;
- ngakhale kutentha kukana, kumafuna nthawi zonse kutsirira.
Ndikofunikira! Phosphorus iyenera kuwonjezeka mwezi woyamba wa kukula kwa tomato. Izi zidzakuthandizira kulimbitsa mizu, zimathandiza kuti maluwa asanakhale osakanizidwa, msanga komanso kuwonjezeka kwa shuga, komanso kuonjezera zokolola.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi
Pofotokoza ubwino wa tomato "Openwork F1" ndiyeneranso kutchula kudzichepetsa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi njira zolima: kutchire ndi pansi pa filimuyi. Pano pali galasi loyenera kupanga nthawi ndi kuyang'ana mapangidwe a chitsamba, panthawi yake kuchotsa mazira ochulukirapo, kukula maluwa akuluakulu komanso owopsa. Kusamalira bwino ndikutitsimikizira kuti mumakula masamba okongola m'munda wanu kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala
Tomato zosiyanasiyana "Openwork F1" zidabzalidwa miyezi iwiri musanabzala mbande. Pano mukuyenera kuganizira mozama pa May May chisanu ndi njira yolima.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi yofesa mbewu iyenera kuwerengedwa poganizira za zaka za mbande ndi nthawi yobzala pansi. Apo ayi, kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumachepetsa ndipo padzakhala zokolola zoipa.
Mbewu za hybrids sizitetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ngati mbewu za mitundu yoyera, sizimaumitsidwa ndi kuzizira ndikufota. Ngati mukukonzekera kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha, amafesedwa masabata angapo m'mbuyomo. Kufesa kumachitika mabokosi mpaka masentimita 10 pamwamba, wodzazidwa ndi apadera ogula nthaka osakaniza. 
Ngati mukufuna, mutha kusakaniza nokha. Pano pali imodzi mwa maphikidwe osavuta: chidebe cha chisakanizo chofanana ndi nkhuni, manyowa ndi peat - supuni ya phulusa, supuni ya supuni ya feteleza ya phosphate ndi supuni ya supuni ya fetasi fetereza. Kusakaniza kukukonzekera sabata musanagwiritse ntchito komanso kothira.
Pa tsiku labwino, amatsanuliridwa mu bokosi ndi kuponderezedwa, ndiye kuthirira madzi otentha a sodium humate, atayima pa masentimita 5 mpaka kuya 1 masentimita, akuponyera mbewu mu mizere 2 masentimita wina ndi mzake ndi kuwaza. Bokosi likusungidwa kutentha (osati pamwamba pa 24 ° C), malo owala.
Kusunga ndi kubzala mbande
Zosungirako zosungira:
- kuwala;
- kutentha kwambiri (kupopera mbewu tsiku lililonse);
- kutentha (masana osachepera +18 ° C, usiku - osachepera + 12 ° C).
Mpaka pano, dziko lapansi liyenera kuwerengedwera mu uvuni (kotala la ora, 180 ° C) kapena kutenthedwa mu uvuni wa microwave (miniti, pa mphamvu ya 800), kapena kupaka madzi otentha. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Kenaka dothi liyenera kuyaka kwa sabata kutentha kwa firiji - kubzala mmenemo microflora.
Musanafese, muyenera kudzaza chidebe (mapepala, mapepala apulasitiki, etc.) ndi nthaka yonyowa yonyowa. Pambuyo pake, grooves iyenera kupangidwa mkati mwake ndi masentimita atatu ndi kuya kwa masentimita 1, ikani mbewu mwa iwo masentimita awiri, ndipo potsiriza amagona.
Kuchokera nthawi yomwe ikukwera mbande (sabata imodzi itatha kufesa) iyenera kusungidwa m'nyumba, pamalo amodzi kwa miyezi pafupifupi 1.5-2. Kupanga chidebe chokwanira chinyezi chikhoza kujambula ndi filimu kapena galasi. Kutentha kwa nthaka kusakaniza kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso mosamala sprayed ngati kuli kofunikira.
Ndikofunikira! Mphamvu ya kuthirira mbande zimadalira kukula kwake, kutentha kwa nyengo ndi kutalika kwa tsiku.Mukamawonjezera, chidebecho chiyenera kutsegulidwa kuti mutenge mpweya wabwino. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tuluka tsiku ndi tsiku. Patapita milungu ingapo, chivundikirocho chikhoza kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Pa nkhungu, muyenera kuchotsa mosamala kachilombo ka nthaka ndikuyipeza ndi mankhwala a fungicide kapena potassium permanganate.
M'nyengo yotentha, nyengo yopanda mphepo, nkofunika kutulutsa "achinyamata" kupita kumalo osatsegula, pang'onopang'ono kuwatulutsa ku kuwala kwa dzuwa: poyamba kwa mphindi zisanu, ndiye kwa mphindi 10, ndi zina zotero, tsiku ndi tsiku kukula kwa "dzuwa".
Mbewu ya phwetekere iliyonse, kuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana "Azhur", kuyambira pomwe mphukira yoyamba ikuoneka, imafuna nthawi zonse (milungu iwiri iliyonse) kuvala koyenera.
Ngati nyembazo zidabzalidwa kuyambira pachiyambi chimodzi mu chidebe chachikulu (chovomerezeka ndi 0.5-1 l), ndiye pa tsiku lachisanu mutatha kukolola kumatulutsa - kumatuluka kuchokera ku chiwerengero chokwanira chaching'ono. Masiku angapo izi zisanachitike, ndibwino kuthirira madzi kuti dothi liume pang'ono ndipo lisakhale lolemetsa pakusankha.
Mitengo iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala pamodzi ndi mchere wa nthaka, mu 200 ml tank - miphika ya peti, mapepala apulasitiki, ndi zina zotero. Pambuyo pa masabata asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi awiri (6-7) mababu a maluwa amawoneka pazomera - izi zikutanthauza kuti patatha masabata angapo muyenera kubzala m'munda kapena kutentha. Ndipo simungathe kukayikira pano!
Mukudziwa? Ku Ulaya, tomato kwa nthawi yoyamba atatumizidwa kuchokera ku America ankaonedwa kuti ndi osatheka. Kwa nthawi yaitali wamaluwa ankagwiritsa ntchito monga yokongoletsa munda mbewu.Zizindikiro za mmera wabwino wa tomato "Openwork": tsinde lamphamvu, masamba akuluakulu, mizu yolimba.
Pamene chodzala chimamera pansi onani ndondomeko yotsatirayi: Mtunda wa pakati pa mbande ndi masentimita 40, kukula kwake ndi 2 masentimita. Izi ziyenera kuchitika ngati mvula, nyengo yopanda mphepo.
Kukula tomato pamabedi panja kumakhala kosiyana ndi njira yotentha yofiira, choncho ganizirani njira ziwiri zonsezi.
Kusamalira kalasi pamalo otseguka
Pachifukwa ichi, kulima kumachepetsedwa kukhala kuthirira, kuyamwa, kudyetsa, ngati kuli kotheka, kumangiriza zimayambira kuti zithandizire, kukwera (2-3 nthawi pa nyengo), komanso kulimbana ndi namsongole, tizirombo ndi matenda. Aeration ndikutulutsidwa kwa nthaka pakati pa mizera yofikira ku mizu. Kuwonjezera apo, kumasula, monga hilling, kumathandiza kumenyana namsongole. Ndipotu, changucho sichimenyana namsongole mothandizidwa ndi herbicides.
Polimbana ndi matenda a fungal, zipatso zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, zitsamba zowonongeka zimawonongedwa, ndipo madera ali kutali ndi mbewu zina zowonongeka.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa feteleza ya potashi kumawonjezera kukana kwa tomato ku fungal ndi matenda a bakiteriya.
Momwe mungamwetsere chomera
Monga tafotokozera kale, "Openwork" ndi wodzichepetsa, koma, ngakhale izi, zofanana kumafuna kuthirira nthawi zonsekotero kuti nthaka siuma mpaka zamasamba zatha. 
Kuthirira kusowa tomato madzulo. Kuwomba pansi pamtunda kumatengedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino yothirira - imapereka zokolola kwambiri. Ngati njirayi siikonzedwa, madzi ayenera kuthiridwe ndi phulusa (mapini awiri pa 10 l) pansi pa mizu kapena pakati pa mizere. Malingana ndi zolembazo, chipatso sichidzadwala ndi vertex zowola.
Kufunika kodyetsa ndi kumangiriza tomato
Manyowa ayenera kukhala osachepera katatu pa nyengo, koma ndi bwino kudyetsa nthawi zonse masabata awiri. Manyowa aliwonse adzachita, malinga ngati pali phosphorous ndi potaziyamu mwa iwo kuposa nitrogen.
Pano pali zophweka Chinsinsi cha feteleza: 10 g madzi 15 g wa ammonium nitrate, 50 g wa superphosphate ndi 30 g wa potaziyamu kloride. Komanso, zomera nthawi zonse zimafunikira magnesium, ndipo nthawi ya maluwa - boron (madzulo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa amadyera ndi ofooka njira boric asidi).
Galasi ya tchire imateteza mapesi kuphulika pansi pa zolemera. Pa nthawi yomweyo garter sayenera kuvulaza zimayambira.
Ndikofunika kumangiriza zimayambira ku nkhumba atangoyamba pansi. Ndiye iwo adzazika mizu ndi kukula mofulumira. Mbande amafunikanso kumanga pamene akukula masamba 5-6. Zingwezi zimapangidwira mozama masentimita 40, kumpoto kwa tsinde, pamtunda wa masentimita 10. Kutalika kwa chithandizo ndi 1 mita.
Kusamalira phwetekere wosakanizidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha
Njira yowonjezera, kuwonjezera pa ulimi wothirira, aeration, kudyetsa, kumangiriza, kumtunda, ndi kusunga zamasamba, zomwe zafotokozedwa kale, zimatanthauzanso kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Musanafese kapena kubzala mbande nthaka iyenera kuchitidwa moyenera.
Kwa "Openwork" mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yowala, yosasinthasintha, imakhala yofunikira, yokhala ndi aeration abwino, yokhala ndi 2% ya humus, ndi ndondomeko ya asidi (pH) kuyambira 6 mpaka 7. Kenaka zokolola za tomato zidzakhala zazikulu.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi kukumba mu kugwa kwa bayonet ndi kumasula kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndi kulima kwinanso musanafese kapena kubzala. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukwiya mpaka +15 ° C ndi pamwamba. Poonetsetsa kuti vutoli ndilofunika, m'pofunikira kuti pasanapite nthawi yophimba mabedi ndi filimu yakuda.
Manyowa a feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa mbeu yapitayi pa mlingo wa 3-4 makilogalamu / sq. M ya manyowa atsopano, amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya. Manyowa amchere ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa maziko a agrochemical kusanthula nthaka.
Dyetsani phosphate ndi fetashi feteleza omwe akulima kulimira pa mlingo wa 10 g / ha ndi 20 g / ha, motero. Manyowa a nayitrojeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa nyengo 3-4 nthawi zonse komanso kukula kwa mbeu yonse pamtunda wa 10 g / ha. Kuonjezera apo, ndi kusowa kwa calcium, zomera ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi mchere feteleza ndi zokhudzana ndi izi.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Malamulo obwera:
- Kufika sikozama kwambiri.
- Manyowa a nayitrogeni sayenera kukhala ochuluka kwambiri, mwinamwake nsonga zidzakula mochuluka kuposa zipatso.
- Ndikofunika kudzala mphukira popanda chikasu ndi masamba opanda cotyledon.
- Kufika kumapangidwa popanda dzuwa, mu nthaka yonyowa.
Ndikofunikira! Mutabzala mbande m'zaka 10 zoyambirira, sikofunikira kuti mumve. Tiyenera kumulola kuti akhale pansi.Pamaso pa maonekedwe a inflorescences, zomera zimathiriridwa kawiri pamlungu pa mlingo wamadzi a 5 l / 1 sq. m, ndi maluwa - 10 l / 1 lalikulu. M. Njira yabwino kwambiri yothirira ndi kuthirira pansi, ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti mukulemba: pansi pa mizu kapena pakati pa mizere.
Nthawi yothirira imakhala m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo, kotero kuti kutaya kwapadera sikupangidwira ndipo sikukuphwera pa tchire. Kuti mukhale ndi microclimate yodalirika, wowonjezera kutentha amafunika kuwunikira maola awiri mutatha kuthirira.
Garters angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zingwe, ndi mzere wozungulira / chimango.
Ogulitsa nsomba, akukula kuchokera ku tsamba la axilesi, amatsogolera kunthambi zosayenera. Pambuyo pake, kumeta kumapangidwa, mwayi wa matenda umakula, ndipo kusasitsa kumachepa. Choncho, ana opeza pa tomato ayenera kuchotsedwa - m'mawa, kuti chilonda chiume mwamsanga.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri mutatha kusamba kwa mbande muyenera kuchita choyamba kudya chisakanizo cha nitrophosphate yankho (supuni imodzi pa 10 malita a madzi) ndi madzi mullein (0.5 l). Kudyetsa kachiwiri zomwe zinapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi ndi zitatu. Pakati pa nyengo muyenera kupeza zosachepera zitatu.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Ngakhale kuti "Openwork" silingagwirizane ndi matenda oyenera, nkofunikira kudziwa za iwo, komanso njira zothana nazo. Ndipotu, mwinamwake kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda tingawononge tomato yanu ndi kuchepetsa zokolola zawo, pali.
Mmodzi mwa alendo omwe saitanidwe pamabedi ndi bowa. Nkhumba za bowa zimafalikira mlengalenga (mphepo, chinyezi, tizilombo, zipangizo zam'munda) komanso, kulowa m'mabala kapena kutseguka kwa zomera, kuwapatsira. Bushiness imathandizanso kuti bowa libale.
Matenda a fungal omwe muyenera kukumbukira imvi zowola - Amakonda kwambiri kutentha, makamaka "nthaka yowawa". Kupewa Matenda: Kuthamanga nthawi zonse kwa wowonjezera kutentha, pH kukulitsa powonjezera phulusa ndi pfupa kunthaka. Kuchiza: mankhwala a masamba odwala ndi zipatso ndi chisakanizo cha mandimu (magawo awiri) ndi mkuwa sulfate (gawo limodzi) kapena kuchotsa kwathunthu. 
Septoria - Matenda ena a fungal. Bowa ndi parasitic pa zimayambira ndi masamba (mawanga a mdima ndi madontho). Kuchiza: kupopera mankhwala ndi mkuwa oxychloride emulsion ndi kubwereza ndondomeko pambuyo pa masiku 15.
Matenda a fungali angatchulidwe komanso kuchepa kwachedwapamene zipatso pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo amatembenukira wakuda ndi kuvunda. Matendawa amapita mu kugwa, pamene kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Kupewa: mankhwala 3-4 nthawi pa nyengo ndi Ridomil Gold. Chithandizo: moto wotentha. 
Mabakiteriya, zamoyo zosawerengeka, amawonetsanso zomera - pazomwe akukambirana bacteriosis. Zomwe zimachitika pa chitukuko chawo: kutentha kwakukulu, nyengo yofunda.
Mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya ang'onoang'ono. Zonyamulira mavairasi omwe amavutitsa tomato ali cicadas, zovuta ndi aphid - tizilombo timayamwa madzi. Zizindikiro za matenda a tizilombo kawirikawiri zimakhala ngati fungal ndi mabakiteriya.
Mabango omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi osachiritsika komanso owopsa kwa "oyandikana nawo" wathanzi. Pakati pa matendawa, chivundi chovundapamene mawanga ofiira amawoneka pamasamba ndi pa zipatso zosabereka. Monga lamulo, matendawa akufalikira mu mvula ya chilimwe. Njira zothandizira: mpweya wokwanira, kuchotsa masamba a m'munsi. Kuchiza: kuthirira nthaka ndi yankho la 4% potaziyamu kloride.
Mwa tizirombo, adani oipitsitsa a tomato ali kunyoza. Kwa iwo pali chida chimodzi chokha - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda oopsa - aphid ndi Colorado mbatata kachilomboka.
Kukolola
Mitundu yambiri "Azhur" ndi yosakanizidwa ya sing'anga yoyamba kucha: Mbewu yoyamba imakololedwa pa sabata la 15-16 kuchokera pa nthawi yoyamba. Kukolola buku la tomato ndi kotheka pokhapokha komanso panthawi inayake yakukula kwa mbeu yonse yomweyo. Ambiri wamaluwa amasankha njira yachiwiri, poopa kuti "mame ozizira" adzawononga zipatso.
Komabe, tchire labwino pakati pa mbewu zokolola zimafota mochedwa kuposa ena, chotero, ngati chisanu sichikunenedweratu, Zipatso zobiriwira ndi zofunika kusiya kuti zipsempaka itakhala yotentha usiku usiku +8 ° C. Komabe, ngati ndiwo zamasamba ziyenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kutengedwa kutali, ndiye kuti masamba angathe kutsanuliridwa mkati ndipo asasokonezedwe ndi achinyamata omwe adakali kukula. 
Ndikofunikira! Kuyeretsa kumachitika nyengo yotentha, yozizira. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kuwonongeka kwa chipatso kuyenera kupeĊµa, mwinamwake zidzasokonekera mwamsanga.Kubwereranso kusungidwa kwa tomato wosapsa, chomwe chimatchedwa kucha, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti njirayi ikukuthandizani kuti muzisangalala ndi ndiwo zamasamba zowonjezera miyezi iwiri. Nthawiyi makamaka amadalira microclimate yosungirako - poyang'anira, mukhoza kuphuka kapena kufulumira kapena kuchepetsa.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, tomato iyenera kuikidwa m'modzi wosanjikizana ndi kutentha kutentha kuposa 12 ° C (koma pansipa + 10 ° C) ndi chinyezi cha 80%. Pakati pa kutentha ndi chinyezi, masamba amayamba kuvunda, ndipo pa zizindikiro zochepa za nyengo, zimakhala zovuta. Tara ayenera kuyang'aniridwa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuchotsa zipatsozo zomwe zimayamba kusokoneza, mwinamwake iwo adzafulumizitsa zosayenera zosasitsa za "oyandikana nawo". 
Kukolola msanga, zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimasungidwa mu zigawo ziwiri kapena zitatu ndipo zimasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira mpweya kutentha kwa ° 20 ° C.Pofulumizitsa kukonzekera kwa sabata limodzi, muyenera kuika zipatso zokoma pa zobiriwira. Ndi tizilombo tosungunuka bwino, amatha kupsa mofulumira, koma amapangidwa mofewa ndi oyipa.
Kukhalapo kwa kuwala nthawi yakucha sikungakhale kovuta (ngakhale poyera zipatso zimakhala zowala), chinthu chachikulu ndicho kupereka mpweya wabwino mu yosungirako.
Kuphatikizana ndi malamulo onse, malangizo ndi malangizowo, mumakula zipatso za tomato m'munda mwanu kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikusangalala ndi zamasamba zokoma osati m'chilimwe, komanso m'dzinja.
