Ambiri wamaluwa, posankha kupanga wowonjezera kutentha pa webusaitiyi, musaganize maziko odalirika ake. Zoonadi, wowonjezera kutentha sizomwe zimakhazikika komanso katundu wochokera kunthaka ndi wochepa.
Chifukwa chake, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti maziko odalirika amangofunikira nyumba zokha zapamwamba, ndipo malo omwe amawunikira amatha kuikidwa pansi.
Njira yothetsera vutoli, pakati pazinthu zina, imapanga mafoni otentha ndipo imakulolani kusuntha kupita kumalo alionse abwino. Komabe, kawirikawiri, maziko, ngakhale makonzedwe apamwamba, ndi ofunikira, chifukwa amakhala ndi ntchito zofunikira kwambiri.
Kodi maziko a wowonjezera kutentha ndi chiyani?
Kuwonjezera apo, wowonjezera kutentha, kumangidwa ndi manja, komanso kupanga mafakitale kumapangidwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale dongosolo lokhazikika komanso losatha. Kuyika kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumayenera kusamalidwa pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- Nthawi mpweya wowonjezera wowonjezerandi mphepo yamkuntho, ayenera kukhazikika bwinobwinokupewa kutopetsa;
- Pamene wowonjezera kutentha ali kukula kwakukulu ndi kulemera kwakekupewa zovuta chifukwa cha nthaka subsidence;
- Pamene wowonjezera kutentha kumangidwa kuti agwire ntchito yonse ndipo amalumikizana ndi nyumba yogona;
- Pamene maziko akuyenera kuwonjezeka pansi pa malo ozizizira ndipo kotero sungani pa Kutenthamwa kusunga chipinda chofunda;
- Pamene mwiniwake akufuna onjezerani moyo wautumiki zomangamanga, kuzichotsa ku zotsatira zina zovulaza za chinyezi ndi nthaka, mwachitsanzo, kuteteza kuvunda kwa chimango cha matabwa;
- Pamene maziko amakhala chovuta chifukwa cha mafunde a mphepo yozizira pafupi ndi nthaka ndi fogs;
- Pamene pali chosowa mu chitetezo cha mbewu kuchokera ku makoswe ndi tizilombo towononga;
- Pamene malo osungirawo sali otetezedwa kosatha ndi otetezedwa pa maziko otetezeka sungani kuwonongeka zowonongeka.
Mitundu ya maziko ndi ndondomeko posankha yankho lolondola
Maziko a wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kusankhidwa malingana ndi mapangidwe ake, nthaka pa malo ochezera. Komanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mwayi wokhala ndi zipangizo zina. Zomwe zinachitikira ntchito yomanga ndi mwiniwake wa webusaiti ndizofunikanso.
Ambiri akudandaula za funso ngati n'zotheka kupanga maziko a wowonjezera kutentha ndi manja anu? Inde, mwiniwake akhoza kumanga maziko osavuta ndi luso lochepa. Mwachitsanzo, izi ndi maziko a mpweya wotentha wowonjezera.
- Maziko ochepa ndi zomangamanga zosavuta. Kwenikweni, ndi chithandizo chakumanga kwa wowonjezera kutentha, kulola kuyika chimango chozungulira, popanda kusintha, komanso kumatetezera zotsatira za chinyezi.
Mfundo zothandizira zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zilizonse, monga matabwa, njerwa, konkire kapena mabokosi a konkire.
Kutalika kwa mndandanda wa mawonekedwewo, mphamvu zowonjezera ziyenera kukhala zowonjezereka.
Mtundu woterewu ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito poika magetsi osungira nthawi yayitali, ntchito yaitali yomwe siidaperekedwe.
Mwachitsanzo, mutabzala mbande mutseguka.
- Maziko a wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera ku bar ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri. Zapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a chimango kuchokera ku zinthu zoyenera pa mtanda.
Chojambulachi chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mwachindunji pansi ndi kubwerera pansi.
Zili zosavuta kuyika chikhomo cha wowonjezera kutentha kumtengo wapatali.
Pansi pa wowonjezera kutentha kokhazikika, nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa kuzithunzi zomwe zidakumbidwa pansi pamakona.
Njira yothetsera yotereyi idzakhala yabwino kwambiri pa kukhazikitsa wowonjezera kutentha ndi kanyumba kowonongeka ndi kuphimba zinthu nthawi imodzi pamene mwiniwake wa malowo ali ndi cholinga chosintha malo ake kuti apindule kwambiri ndi ulimi.
Zowonjezera kutentha ndi matabwa zimatha kusuntha mosavuta.
- Pofuna kukhazikitsa malo osungiramo zitsamba zosungiramo zobiriwira chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zida zowonongeka ndi zophimba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, zimalimbikitsa kumanga zowonjezereka kwambiri nsalu maziko.
Mtundu uwu ndi maziko omwe adalowa pansi, zinthu zomwe zingakhale konkrete ndi mthunzi wa konkire womangirizana wina ndi mzake, njerwa.
Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito makina.
Mtundu uwu udzakhala maziko odalirika a wowonjezera kutentha ndi misala iliyonse, komanso kuwonjezera, kumathandiza kuti madzi asamadziwe malo omwe madzi akuya ali pafupi ndi nthaka.
- Maselo a monolithic Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene malo obiriwira amamangidwa pa nthaka zofooka ndipo palifunika kuyika moyenera matabwa kuchokera ku nthaka.
Pankhaniyi, atatha kuyika gawoli, dzenje likukumba.
Pansi pa dzenje, mchenga ndi miyala zimatsanulidwa. Pambuyo pake, malo amkati amapangidwanso, amatsanulira ndi konkire.
Pankhaniyi, mapangidwe amapereka makina. Pa maziko a monolithic, mukhoza kukhazikitsa wowonjezera kutentha kwa mtundu uliwonse.
- Chinthu china ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito maziko pa ziphuphu. Kwa malo obiriwira, maziko a mulu angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene malo otsetsereka a m'derali sangathe kuwonetsedwa.
N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndi nthaka yowonongeka kwambiri.
Zilumikizidwe ndizitsulo zamatayipi. Iwo amawombera pansi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono.
Pambuyo popotoza, nsonga za muluwo zimakonzedwa mpaka kumtunda ndipo kenako kumangiriza kumapeto.
Pazifukwa zina za greenhouses, kuphatikizapo maziko a wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera pamitengo, werengani apa.
Chithunzi
Onani pansipa: chithunzi cha maziko a greenhouses, wowonjezera kutentha ndi manja awo pa maziko
Timamanga maziko a tepi ndi manja athu omwe
Chifukwa chakuti kumanga maziko ndi maziko osanjikizidwa ndi matabwa sikumakhala kovuta kwambiri, komanso kukhazikitsa wowonjezera kutentha pazitsulo, ndipo zida zogwiritsira ntchito monolith kapena zikopa za kumanga nyumba zosungiramo zobiriwira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, taganizirani ntchito yomanga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri malo ogulitsira chotsani mapazi pogwiritsa ntchito konkire kutsanulira mu mawonekedwe:
Pa gawo loyambirira, muyenera kukonzekera malo omanga.:
Zomera zomwe zili pa tsamba la mtsogolo zowonjezera kutentha zimachotsedwa, kuyika kwa ngalande ya mtsogolo kumapangidwira pansi, pomwepo ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi msinkhu. Musanayambe ntchito ndi zothandiza kupanga chithunzi cha maziko omwe akumangidwa.
Pambuyo pake, ngalande imakumba, kuya kwake kumasankhidwa malingana ndi kulemera kwake, kapangidwe ka nthaka kozizira ndi madzi pansi.
Ngati pa webusaitiyi madzi apansiziyenera kumangidwa maziko ozamaimamira kuya kuya 200-400 mm. pansi pa mlingo wa dothi lozizira, pafupifupi, chizindikiro ichi ndi 1200-1400 mm. Ngati palibe malo okwera pansi m'deralo, ndikwanira kumanga maziko osaya kwambiri omwe angagwirizane ndi ngalande ya 700-800 mm.
Kawirikawiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenerera ya chiwerengero cha kuya ndi kutalika ndi 700: 400 mm. Chiwerengero cha mazikowo chiyenera kukhala chocheperapo msinkhu wake, pomwe m'katikati mwa ngalande ayenera kukhala kawiri m'lifupi la maziko omwe adzakhalepo kuti athe kukonzekera.
Pachigawo chachiwiri mu ngalande, zakuthupi zimayikidwa mu magawo awiri; pad ya 100-200 mm miyala mchenga zigawo zimatsanuliridwa. kusanjikiza kulikonse. Pambuyo pake mawonekedwewa akukwera. Pachifukwachi, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito - matabwa, zigawo za mipando yamatabwa, mapepala achitsulo kapena pulasitiki yokhazikika.
Zowonjezera zimayikidwa pazithunzi zomaliza. Mu mawonekedwe ophweka, mizere iwiri yopingasa yokhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera ndi bondo kumbali yoyandikana yayikidwa pansi pa 500 mm. Ndodo zochepa zowonongeka.
Kenaka, ndodo zowonongeka zimathamangitsidwa pansi, ndipo lamba wamtunduwu amamangidwa mofanana. Zida zimayikidwa ndi waya wofewa.
Gawo lotsatira - kutsanulira kusakaniza konkire.
Kusakaniza kumapangidwa ndi magawo atatu a mchenga ku gawo limodzi la simenti. Kuti mudzaze zitseko za pansi, mungathe kuwonjezera miyala kapena zidutswa zakuda. Choyamba, sungani zowonjezera zowonjezera, kenaka onjezerani magawo 4-5 a madzi ndipo yankho limabweretsedwanso kusakaniza kirimu wowawasa.
Wokonzeka kusakaniza anatsanulira mu mawonekedwewo ndipo amawombera kuti achotse mpweya mu voids. Mu vuto losavuta, izi zingatheke ndi ndodo. Ngati yankho lokonzekera silikwanira kudzaza maziko onse, liyenera kutsanulidwa mu zigawo.
Pakati pa mzere, zitoliro zazitsulo zimayikidwa mu maziko, ndipo mawonekedwe a wowonjezera kutentha adzaphatikizidwa kwa iwo. Pambuyo kuyanika, mazikowo amachokera ndi phula lamatini kapena ataphimbidwa ndi pepala lakumwamba kuti asamadziwe madzi.
Ndiye musamafulumire - kukonzekera kwathunthu kwa njirayi kudzachitika pakatha masabata 4, musanayambe kupanga mawonekedwewo ndipo maziko sangathe kunyamula.
Kutsitsa konkire ndilo mulingo woyenera kwambiri pazinthu bajeti yosungirako ndipo kuphweka ndi njira yokha maziko a wowonjezera kutentha. Mtundu uwu ndi woyenera kumanga mtundu wowonjezera wowonjezera kutentha, womwe ukuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali opaleshoni.
Tikuyembekeza kuti tawayankha mafunso a alimi ambiri omwe ali ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi: Kodi ndi maziko abwino ati a wowonjezera kutentha ndi momwe angakhalire maziko a wowonjezera kutentha?
