Mabulosi akuda limalowa mu Rubus yachangu ya Pink Pin. Berry ndi malingaliro ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi machiritso a raspberries.
Ku Ulaya, mabulosi akuda samakula, koma ku America ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zoyenera kwambiri. Mitundu yakuda ya ku Mexico imachokera ku America, ndipo mbewu zonse zimatumizidwa ku USA ndi Europe.
M'dziko lathu, chitsamba cha mabulosi chimamera kuthengo, koma chifukwa cha machiritso ake ndi kuwalitsa, mabulosi akutchire akupezeka m'minda yamba.
Mukudziwa? Blackberries zimakhudza thupi lonse.
Nkhaniyi ikunena za mitundu yambiri ya mabulosi akuda - Tornfri.
Zizindikiro za kalasi ya Tornfri
Zina mwa mitundu ndi mitundu ya mabulosi akuda Tornfri ndiwodziwika kwambiri. Lili ndi mbali zambiri:
- Thornfri mabulosi akutchire chitsamba popanda minga. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzisankha mwakachetechete zipatso popanda kuvulaza thupi lanu.
- Kusakaniza kochedwa. Mabulosi akuda akhoza kukolola mu June, ndipo mu August, zipatso zatsopano zidzapangidwa.
- Zokolola zabwino. Ndi chitsamba chimodzi mungathe kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 20 a mabulosi akuda.
Chitsamba chili ndi nthambi zambiri, ndipo pamodzi mwa nthambi zoterezi zimakhala 20-30 zipatso iliyonse. Maonekedwe awo ndi oval and slightly elongated. Ufikira zipatso mpaka 3 masentimita m'litali, kulemera - mpaka 7 g. Amamva kukoma kokoma ndi phokoso losasangalatsa.
Mukudziwa? Mabulosi a Blackberry ali ndi antipyretic katundu chifukwa cha zilizonse bioflavonoids mmenemo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti normalization ya kutentha bwino thupi.
Kubzala mbande za Blackberry
Monga tanenera kale mu kufotokoza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Tornfrey mabulosi a mabulosi akuda, chitsamba cha mabulosi chimayesedwa kuti ndi ndalama zambiri zowonjezera, popeza kukolola kwa mabulosi akuda ndi kochuluka, ndipo kukula ndi kusamalira sikovuta.
Kubzala mabulosi akuda sikutanthauza zambiri. Zonse zimadalira mtundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosi akuda. Koma nkofunikanso kutsatira malamulo odzala zomera m'munda.
Kodi kusankha mbande
Kugula mabulosi akutchire mbande Tornfri ayenera kuti kutsimikiziridwa m'masitolo kwa wamaluwa. Ndi bwino kutenga tchire pachaka ndi mizu yabwino kwambiri. Ayenera kukhala awiri zimayambira kuposa 0,5 masentimita awiri. Pa mizu ayenera kupanga kale masamba. 
Nthawi yobzala
Tikufika imayamba masika kapena autumn. M'chaka, mbande zimabzalidwa pamene masamba asanakwane pa iwo, ndipo kugwa kungakhale bwino kulima iwo kumayambiriro kwa October, chisanu chisanatuluke, mwinamwake blackgrass sadzataya nyengo yozizira yolimba.
Momwe mungasankhire ndi kukonzekera malo oti mufike
Mabulosi akutchire ali ndi zofooka zozizira hardiness. Choncho, malo otsetsereka ayenera kuyatsa bwino. Ndi bwino kuteteza mabulosi akuda ku mphepo yozizira. Mabulosi a Blackberry amasonyeza zokolola zambiri pa feteleza ndi zowonongeka.
Ndikofunikira! Blackberries musalole kuchitika kwa madzi ndi madzi a dothi.
Mabulosi akuda sayenera kubzalidwa pamtunda wa carbonate. Chomeracho chidzakhudzidwa ndi chlorosis, ndipo izi ndi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa magnesium ndi chitsulo. Maulendo ayenera kukhala apakati, ndi acidity ya 6.0 pH.
Nthaka yobzala imakonzedwa pasadakhale, makamaka mu kugwa. Chiwembucho chimakumbidwa mpaka masentimita 50, ndipo chimayambitsidwa pansi ndi 1 mita mita. m 11 makilogalamu a kompositi, 45 g wa superphosphate ndi 25 g wa potashi zowonjezera.
Momwe mungabzalidwe (sitepe ndi sitepe njira yobzala)
Mtunda wa pakati pa tchire la mabulosi akuda akuyenera kukhala osachepera 1 mamita. Kukula kwa kusiyana kumadalira zosiyana ndi kumera. Kutalika ndi m'lifupi kwa dzenje la mabulosi akuda kumapangidwira ndi zaka zake ndi khalidwe.
Timafotokoza kuti pali njira ziwiri zobzala mabulosi akuda - tepi ndi chitsamba.
Njira yachitsamba ili motere: mbande ziwiri kapena zitatu ndi msinkhu wa kumera zimabzalidwa m'dzenje limodzi. Maenje monga mwa chiwembu 1.8 ndi 1.8 mamita.
Tape njira yotsatira: mbande zokhala ndi msinkhu wa kumera zimatengedwa ndikubzala pansi mu mndandanda wopitirira. Mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala mamita 1, ndi pakati pa mizere - 2.5 mamita.
Mukamabzala, mbande zimatsikira mu dzenje ndikuwongolera mizu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kenaka amadzaza ndi nthaka yokhala ndi feteleza, koma imayenera kuchitidwa kuti impso, yomwe ili pansi pa tsinde, ndi 2-3 masentimita pansi.
Sapling sayenera kugona kwathunthu. Pangakhale pangТono kakang'ono pansi pa mpando. Nthaka yozungulira mbande iyenera kuyanjana, iliyonse ya madzi iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi 4 malita a madzi. Pambuyo pa kamera kamene kamatenga madzi, zofukula zimakhala ndi manyowa kapena peti manyowa.
Mutabzala, mphukira zatsopano za mbande zimadulidwa kutalika kwa masentimita 20 pamwamba pa pamwamba, ndipo zipatso za zipatso zimachotsedwa kwathunthu.
Mukudziwa? Blackberries ku Ulaya anawonekera kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XYIII.
Chisamaliro choyenera ndicho chinsinsi chokolola chabwino.
Kuyambira kuthirira bwino, feteleza ndi kudulira, zokolola za mabulosi akuda Tornfri zikuwonjezeka. Kukula chitsamba cha mabulosiwa si kophweka kwa wamaluwa atsopano. Zokolola za mabulosi zimadalira chisamaliro choyenera cha dalitso la mabulosi akuda.
Kusamba madzi
Popanda kusamala kwambiri, tornfrey wakuda wakuda, ngakhale amabala zipatso nthawi zonse, koma zipatso zimatha. Ndi kuthirira bwino, chipatso cha zipatso chidzakubweretsani zazikulu ndi zowutsa mudyo zipatso.
Panthawi ya fruiting, mabulosi akuda amafunika madzi ambiri. Ndi bwino kumwa madzi kamodzi pa sabata. Pa chitsamba chilichonse muyenera kukonzekera pafupifupi malita 20 a madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwambiri kumabweretsa kuzu zowola.
Mabulosi a Blackberry
Kupaka pamwamba - Imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse zokolola zambiri ndikukula kukula kwa zipatso. Mutangoyamba kubzala, muyenera kulipira nthawi yochuluka kwa mabulosi akuda m'zaka zitatu zoyambirira.
Kumwa kwa nthawi yake ndi nayitrogeni fetereza kudzabala chipatso nthawi ya zokolola. Kuti muchite izi, tengani 15 g wa urea kapena 20 g wa ammonium nitrate pa mtengo umodzi.
Kudyetsa mabulosi akuda masika zomwe zimachitika pachaka. 55 g wa ammonium nitrate amawonjezeredwa ku fruiting mabulosi akuda chitsamba. Pambuyo potsegula, zipangizo zamatabwa zimafalikira pansi. Mzere uyenera kukhala masentimita 5.
M'dzinja Pamwamba pa mulch, 95 g wa superphosphate ndi 25 g wa potaziyamu sulfate akuwonjezeredwa. Komanso, atakumba nthaka ndi mafoloko akuya masentimita 10, 7 makilogalamu a humus amayamba.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha atathirira chitsamba.
Akuwongolera garter
Monga chithandizo chingakhale choyenera mapaipi kapena nsanamira za konkire zowonjezeredwa ndi gawo la masentimita 10 ndi kutalika kwa mamita 2.5. Iwo amathamangitsidwa pansi pafupipafupi kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Wiring'onong'onong'ono amavutitsidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 100.
Palinso zitsamba zomwe zimakonda kupezeka.
Kupanga mafilimu.
Njira iyi ndi yophweka pamene zipatso ndi kukula zimayikidwa padera. Mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala 1.5 mamita Mu nyengo yoyamba mutabzala, mphukira zazing'ono zimangirizidwa ku trellis kuti zithandize mabulosi akuda powawongolera mbali imodzi.
Chaka chotsatira, mphukira zatsopano zimamangidwa ndi kutumizidwa kumbali ina, koma zimadalira kukula kwa regrowth. Mu kugwa, mphukira zakale zomwe zabala kale zipatso zimadulidwa ndi kubwereza masitepe onse kuyambira pachiyambi.
Njira ya Kustov.
Mtunda pakati pa zomera mwa njirayi uyenera kukhala mamita awiri. Pambuyo pa chitsamba, iwo amayendetsa pamtengo wamatabwa mpaka mamita awiri ngati chithandizo cha mabulosi akuda.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, zimayambira m'nyengo yozizira, kunyamula ndikusankha kuchokera ku 5 mphukira zowonjezera zowonjezereka ndipo mzuzi umatuluka mkatikati mwa chitsamba cha 30 cm. Mphukirayi imamangiriridwa ku khola pamtunda wamtunda wa masentimita 100. Zimayambira zingamangirire ndi chifaniziro chachisanu ndi chitatu, chifukwa zidzatha pansi pa mphepo yamphamvu.
Pamwamba pa tsinde, yomwe idzabala chipatso, ikhoza kuphuka kuposa masentimita 30 pamwamba pa garter, mwinamwake izo zingaswe pansi pa kulemera kwa mbewu.
Mukudziwa? Dziko lakwabisika limatengedwa kuti ndi America. Kumeneko, mabulosi ameneŵa amakula pafupifupi pafupifupi chiwembu cha nyumba iliyonse.
Kukolola
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito agrotechnics mukhoza kupeza zokolola za mabulosi akutchire Thornfrey.
Amaluwa ena amamvetsa mofulumira zipatso zakuda kwambiri. Zipatso zoterezi zimakhala ndi ukali komanso asidi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito nyumba, mabulosi akutchire amakololedwa atatha msinkhu. Kupeza zipatso zotere ndi zophweka - Iwo amadzazidwa ndi imvi pachimake, ndipo pamene inu mutsegula pa mabulosi izo zidzakhala zofewa.
Pambuyo kukolola, zipatsozo zimachotsedwa kwathunthu, koma sizingatheke ku dzuwa. Apo ayi iwo adzayamba manyazi komanso kuwawa. Kusunga zipatso kwa nthawi yaitali sangathe. Ndi bwino kudya gawo nthawi yomweyo, ndi wina kuvala kupanikizana.
Ndibwino, zokolola za Terryfrey zowomba mabulosi akutchire zikuwonjezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gawo silingadye kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kupanikizana, komanso kugulitsidwa.
Kukolola mutatha kukolola kumachitika m'magulu angapo. Zipatso zosavuta zimasiyanitsa mosavuta ndi mphukira pamodzi ndi zipatso. Sizimagwedezeka panthawi ya msonkhano komanso zowonjezereka kuposa zipatso za rasipiberi. Mukasankha kusunga mabulosi akuda kwa kanthawi, mukhoza kuwasungira m'firiji pa kutentha kwa zero.
Mukudziwa? Anthu ali ndi chikhulupiliro chakuti kusonkhanitsa mabulosi akuda pambuyo pa September 29 ndi owopsa kwa thanzi, monga masamba a mabulosi awa amadziwitsa satana.
Kudulira ndi kumanga chitsamba
Ngati mukufuna kuti mabulosi akuda akhalebe aakulu, tchire ayenera kudula nthawi zonse.
Nthawi yabwino yowonongeka ndikumasika. M'dzinja muyenera kuchotsa mphukira ndi nthambi zomwe zowonongeka.
Pakuti mapangidwe ndi kukongoletsa chitsamba mabulosi akuda ntchito pruner. Dulani ku 1/3 pamwamba pa nthambi.
Kwa mapangidwe muyenera kusankha 3-4 main lashes, kumene muli mphukira yaing'ono. Pambuyo pa mphukira, mbali zikuluzikulu ziyenera kufupikitsidwa mpaka 0,5 m.
Mutabzala, yoyamba kudulira ikuchitika patangotha zaka ziwiri zokha, ndipo pambuyo pake chitsamba chiyenera kukonzedwa pachaka kuti chikhalebe ndi mabulosi akuda.
Kodi mungaphimbe tchire la mabulosi akutchire m'nyengo yozizira?
Kaya chisanu chosagwira mabulosi akutchire Tornfrey, mabulosi baka ayenera kukhala okonzekera nyengo yozizira, chifukwa pa kutentha kufika 20 ° pansi pa zero iwo akhoza kufungatira.
Pamaso pogona palifunikira kuthetsa nthambi zonse zowonongeka. Kumapeto kwa November, mphukira imachotsedwa ku trellis ndikugwada pansi. Mukhoza kuwaika ndi zikopa zitsulo zomwe zimathamangitsidwa pansi.
Pansi pa mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi akuda ndi chisakanizo cha peat ndi kubzala nthaka kwa masentimita 6. Izi zidzateteza mizu m'nyengo yozizira.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya malo ogona omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa odziwa bwino ntchito:
- Pogwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro chachiwiri (Spunbond, Agrospan kapena Lutrasil). Zowonjezera zazitsulo ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 1.6 m. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikuphimba ndikuti chimapuma bwino ndikulola chinyontho kudutsa.
- Filimu ya polyethylene. Amagwiritsira ntchito pogona kwambiri, chifukwa amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza pakukhazikitsa chivundikiro cha chisanu m'nyengo yozizira.
- Spruce spruce nthambi. Amapuma bwino, koma njira iyi ndi yoyenera malo okhala.
- Udzu kapena tsamba lachakuta limagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti liphimbe zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsalu zopanda pake.
Mukudziwa? Pa nthawi yakucha, mabulosi akuda amasintha mtundu wawo kangapo - nthawi yomweyo amakhala wobiriwira, kenako pang'onopang'ono amatembenukira bulauni, ndipo kucha kucha kwambiri.
Mabulosi a Blackberry Thornfrey ali ndi ubwino wambiri kusiyana ndi ubwino. Monga momwe mwadziwira kale, chinthu chofunikira ndi kusankha sapling yoyenera, kuti muzimwa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse ndikudyetsanso bwino zomera kuti mabulosi akuda azibweretsani zokolola zambiri.
