Pali mitundu yambiri ya mphesa ndi mawonekedwe awo. Kwa oyamba kumene, ndikwabwino kukula mitundu yopanda kuzindikira yomwe imayankha molakwika zolakwika pakukula. Mphesa za Victoria, ngakhale tekinoloje itatsatidwa, ikupereka zokolola zabwino, ndipo ngati njira yabwino yolimidwa, itha kuthokoza ndi zipatso zabwino.
Mbiri yakukula mitundu ya mphesa ku Victoria
Mphesa za Victoria zidadulidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo. Zosiyanasiyana zidapezedwa ndi obereketsa aku Russia chifukwa chodutsa mitundu yotsatira ya mphesa: Vitis amurensis ndi Vitis vinifera ndi mitundu ya Save Save Vilar 12-304. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Victoria ndi yamtundu woyamba wa tebulo. Kuti mumvetsetse bwino chomwe chimapangidwa kuti ndi mphesa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe ake, makamaka kubzala ndi chisamaliro.
Kufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa Victoria
Mphesa zaku Victoria zimagawidwa m'magulu angapo osiyanasiyana, omwe ali m'gulu limodzi:
- Pinki Pinki. Chipatso chimadziwika ndi mtundu wofiirira-wapinki ndi zazikulu zazikulu. Tchire limasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zake, zimakhala ndi kutalika kwapakati. Chitsamba chimodzi chimatha kutola 60 kg za mbewu.
Pinki ya pinki imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira-wa pinki ndi zipatso zazikulu
- White Victoria. Izi ndi mitundu yakucha yakucha. Mphesa zimadziwika ndi kukaniza bwino matenda akulu. Zipatso ndi zachikaso zobiriwira komanso zamtundu kukula. Kulemera kwa masango kuli pafupi g 500. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa mphesa ndizopanda chisanu (mpaka-27˚˚).
White Victoria imakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira, kukula kwapakatikati ndipo imagwirizana ndi matenda akuluakulu
- Victoria waku Roma. Ngakhale inali yakucha koyambirira, Victoria yamtunduwu imapsa mosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, zipatso, zoyera, zapinki ndi zachikaso zimatha kukhala pagulu limodzi. Burashi imapangidwa yayikulu kwambiri, mpaka 1 kg. Chifukwa cha kutayikirana kwa zipatso kwa wina ndi mnzake, mapangidwe ake amkati mwa gulu. Kubala zipatso zamtunduwu ndizokhazikika komanso zochulukirapo.
Zipatso za Victoria Romanian zimakhala zoyera, zapinki komanso zachikasu
Ngati tingaganizire mphesa za Victoria kwathunthu, mitunduyi imakhala yosalabadira nyengo yanthawi yolimidwa. Itha kubzalidwa ngakhale ku Siberia kapena pakati. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino. Ndikupsa kwathunthu, zipatsozo zimapeza mthunzi wa natimeg. Peelyo imakhala ndi kachulukidwe koyenera, mnofu wake umaphika msanga komanso mopepuka. Nthambi pachitsamba ndi zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zotanuka, zomwe zimachotsa kuthyolana ndi kulemera kwa mbeu.
Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimaganiziridwa mosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimamera bwino. Kucha zipatso kumachitika molawirira ndipo kumatha kukhala masiku 115-120 kuyambira pomwe impso zinatseguka. Maluwa amatha kukhala oyera, ofiira kapena ofiira. Mizere yake ndi ya 25mm kutalika ndi 21mm mulifupi. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa zipatso kumakhala pafupifupi 5-6 g, ndipo mawonekedwewo ali pafupi ndi mawonekedwe a dzira.
Kanema: Maonekedwe a mphesa ku Victoria
Zokhudza mphesa zaku Victoria
Victoria, mopanda kukokomeza, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yabwino ya mphesa. Tchire limakhala ndi nthangala yopangika bwino, koma imakhala ndi kukula kwamkati ndi kukula, i.e., mphukira zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Zambiri zokolola pachitsamba chilichonse zimakhala pafupifupi 50 kg. Masamba a Victoria a sing'anga kukula, ma cylindrical mawonekedwe, amadziwika ndi kupindika kochepa kwa zipatso. Kulemera kwa burashi kumafika 500-700 g, koma nthawi zina zochulukirapo.
Masango akulu akhoza kutengedwa kuchokera kuzomera zomwe zimabala zipatso kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi. Ngakhale kupsa kwofananira kwa magulu, simuyenera kuthamangira ndi chopereka. Kukhazikika kwakanthawi pachitsamba kumathandizira kuti pakhale kulawa bwino. Popeza maluwa a Victoria osiyanasiyana ndi achikazi, kupukutidwa kwa maluwa ochokera kumitundu ina yokhala ndi maluwa okongola ndi kofunikira pakukolola. Kuphatikiza apo, zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi chizolowezi cha pea, ndiko kuti, zipatsozo zimakhala zazing'ono kukula.
Mphesa za Victoria zimatha kubala mbewu zochuluka pazomera zomwe zimabala zipatso kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi
Zomwe zimabzala ndikukula mitundu ya mphesa ku Victoria
Zotsatira zamtsogolo zimatengera mtundu wobzala. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kusankha mbande kuyenera kuperekedwa mwachidwi.
Momwe mungasankhire mmera
Mmera wabwino wokhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, uzikhala pafupifupi 20 cm. Pansi pa khungubwi pazikhala mitengo yatsopano komanso yobiriwira, yomwe ndiyosavuta kuzindikira pakukoka khungu la chogwirizira ndi chala. Muyeneranso kuyang'anira mizu: sipayenera kukhala zophuka ndi makulidwe pa iwo. Mizu yokhazikitsidwa imathandizira kupulumuka bwino kwa chomera pamalo atsopano. Mkhalidwe wa mizu ndiosavuta. Kuti tichite izi, ndikwanira kutsina gawo la mizu ndi ophunzira wamba. Ngati kudula kuli choyera komanso chonyowa, ndiye kuti mmera umakhala ndi mizu yabwino. Ngati mizu ili ndi mtundu wakuda kapena bulauni, ndiye kuti kubzala zinthu kumaonedwa kuti sikoyenera kubzala. M'pofunikanso kusanthula impso pamtambo: kukanikiza pamaso, sikuyenera kugwa kapena kusiya.
Mbewu yamphesa yabwino iyenera kukhala ndi mizu yolimba bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbewuyo ikhale ndi moyo wabwino ndikukula
Nthawi yodzala mphesa
Mphesa za Victoria, monga mbewu ina iliyonse m'munda, zitha kubzalidwe mu nthawi yamasika kapena yophukira. Komabe, ena omwe amalima vinyo ali ndi lingaliro loti kubzala yophukira ndikofunikira kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi yamasika, mbewu zina zimaphukira ndipo zimayamba kubereka pambuyo pake. Ndi kubzala kwa yophukira, kumapeto kwa Okutobala kumadziwika kuti ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri.
Kubzala mphesa za Victoria
Popeza Victoria ndi aomera okonda kutentha, chifukwa chobzala zamtunduwu ndibwino kusankha malo omwe ali otetezedwa ku draf, ndi kuwala komanso nthaka yabwino. Mpando umakonzedwa masiku angapo asanati kubzala mmera, makamaka mwezi. Mbobo imakumbidwa pansi pa chomeracho mosasintha: 0,8 m wide ndi 1 m kuya. Dothi lakuya losanjikiza masentimita 5 limayikidwa pansi pa dzenjelo, kenako ndikathiriridwa ndi dothi lakuya masentimita 10. Zidebe ziwiri za humus zimathiridwa pamtunda pamwamba panthaka komanso chonde. Humus ndi manyowa owola, ndiye kuti, adagona kwa zaka zingapo poyera. Nthaka ya m'munda itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nthaka yachonde. Mutadzaza dzenje ndi zigawo, zigawo zonse zimasakanikirana.
Atakumba dzenje pansi pa chigawo, ndikudzaza ndikusakaniza zida zonse, amadzala mbewu
Malo okonzekerawo akakonzedwa, kukumba dzenje molingana ndi kukula kwa mizu ya mmera ndikutsitsa zodzaliramo, ndikudzaza ndi dothi ndikungopuntha pang'ono. Mmera umakulitsidwa mpaka pamlingo wa khosi. Popeza mphesa zimafalikira ndikudula, mbewuyo ilibe mizu. Chifukwa chake, akukhulupirira kuti ili pamtunda pamizu. Mutabzala, mmera umathiriridwa ndi ndowa 2-3 zamadzi. Kupatula malo otsetsereka, mutha kukumba msomali wamatabwa pansi, pomwe mmera umamangidwa. Pamapeto pa ntchitoyi, nthaka imagundika, mwachitsanzo, ndi udzu kapena utuchi, yomwe imapereka mpweya wabwino kumizu ya chomera. Mtunda pakati pa mbande uzikhala 1.5-3 m.
Popeza mphesa zoterozo zilibe khosi lamizu, akukhulupirira kuti limakhala pamwamba pamizu
Kusamalira mphesa ku Victoria
Kusamalira mphesa za Victoria mutabzala ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zaulimi monga kulima, kuthirira, kudulira, kuvala pamwamba. Chisamaliro makamaka chikuyenera kulipidwa kuti chisamalidwe zaka zoyambirira 3-4 mutabzala, popeza chikhalidwechi chikupangidwabe panthawi imeneyi. Kuchepetsa dothi ndikuchotsa udzu pafupi ndi chitsamba sikungopatsa "kupuma" bwino, komanso kuyenda kwa michere yambiri kumizu.
Mphesa zimakonda nthaka yonyowa, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuyiwala za kuthirira, koma kulowetsa madzi sikuyenera kuloledwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza kuthirira ndi feteleza. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumapangitsa kuti chomera chikhale bwino ndikukulitsa zokolola zamtsogolo. Mafuta akuwonjezeredwa motere:
- Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika mchaka chokhazikitsira kutentha kuzungulira + 16 ° C. Monga feteleza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate (20 g), mchere wa potaziyamu (5 g) ndi ammonium nitrate (10 g), omwe amathandizira ndikuthira mumtsuko wamadzi ndikuthilira pansi pa muzu pamlingo wa malita 10 pachitsamba chilichonse.
- Kuvala kwachiwiri kwapamwamba kumachitika ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 2 pakapangidwe ka m'mimba. Chidebe chamadzi chimadya pafupifupi 30 g ya osakaniza.
- Pamene zipatso zakhwima mwachangu, michere imawonjezeredwa yopangidwa ndi potaziyamu sulfate (25 g) ndi superphosphate (50 g), omwe amasungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi. Okonzeka yankho amathirira mbewu pansi pazu.
Kanema: kuthira mphesa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe
Njira yofunikira ndikudulanso, komwe kumachitika kugwa kulikonse, ndikuchotsa zonse zosafunikira zomwe zakula nthawi yachilimwe. Kupangidwe kwa mipesa kumathandizira kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino, chimathandizira kuti mbewuzo zitheke nthawi yake. Kuphatikiza apo, kumanga zingwe za nthambi. Njirayi ndikofunikira kupewa kuti kuthyoka kwa nthambi zolemetsa kumatulu, zomwe zimalemera pomwe zimakhwima. Ngakhale kuti mphesa za Victoria ndi za mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, timalimbikitsidwabe kuti izizizira nyengo yachisanu. Monga zida, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu, nthambi za spruce kapena dothi louma.
Makhalidwe Abwino a Victoria
Mphesa za Victoria ndi mitundu yofulumira. Pakatha zaka 2-3 mutabzala, mutha kupeza mbewu yoyamba. Chifukwa chakuti mitunduyo imakhala ndi chizolowezi choluka zipatso, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa moyenera. Mbewu zikayamba kukhwima, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu Ogasiti, ulimi wothirira uchi umaletsedweratu, pokhapokha kukamagwa mvula nthawi ndi nthawi. Ngati nyengo ili youma, kuthirira pang'ono kumafunikabe. Kupanda kutero, pakatha kulumikizika padzakhala kulumpha lakuthwa mu chinyezi m'nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu liziphwanya zipatso. Ngati chilimwe chinali mvula, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika denga pamunda wamphesa. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuyendetsa chinyezi m'nthaka.
Mphesa zimakonda nthaka yonyowa, koma chinyezi chambiri chimayenera kupewedwa
Kuphatikiza pazovala zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsidwa pakulima, Victoria imatha kuphatikiza ndi ma microelements mawonekedwe osakanikirana pamtunda, i.e., m'njira yachabe, mwachitsanzo, ndi Reacom. Izi zimawonjezera kukana kwa mbeuyo ku matenda, zimapangitsa kukoma kwa chipatso. Feteleza wa Chelated ndiwo mtundu wina wazakudya zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakupanga micronutrient zakudya. Kuti mupeze gulu lokongola komanso la anthu okalamba, alimi odziwa bwino amatengera njirayi: mothandizidwa ndi burashi wopaka utoto, "amatha" gulu poyambira kukula kwa zipatso. Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi kuti muchotse zopangika, komanso mazira ofooka komanso owonongeka. Poyamba, gulu lowonda silimawoneka wokongola kwambiri, koma chipatsocho chikamakula, chimakhala chowoneka bwino.
Mitundu ya mphesa ku Victoria imakonda kuwola ndi kuwononga masango ndi mavu. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kochotsa maburashi am'munsi, chifukwa simudzalandira zokolola, koma ingowonjezerani chitukuko cha matenda ndikupanga nyambo ya tizilombo. Kuteteza chitsamba ku mavu, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala zitsamba zazonunkhira pafupi, kuphimba masango ndi thumba la gauze kapena ma mesh. Mukamapsa zipatso, muyenera kuyang'ana masango ndikuchotsa omwe asokoneza zipatso.
Kuteteza mphesa ku mavu ndipo mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito thumba lapadera ngati matumba
Matenda a Victoria
Mukamaganizira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ku Victoria, ndikofunikira kutchula matenda omwe mbewu imatha kuwululidwa, komanso njira zopewera. Zina mwa matenda omwe ndi zofala kwambiri ndi:
- Powdery Mildew Imawoneka ngati mawonekedwe amdontho akuda pamasamba ndi mawanga pa mphukira.
- Gray zowola. Zipatso zimakomoka, kupangika zovala zoyera. Pazolinga zopewera, chikhalidwechi chimaliziridwa ndi yankho lochokera ku ayodini.
- Zola zowola. Matenda oyamba ndi fungal omwe amachitika chifukwa chodziwunikira ndi dzuwa kapena matalala. Imadziwoneka yokha mwa mawonekedwe achikhungu choyera pa masamba ndi zipatso.
- Chlorosis Maonekedwe a matendawa akuwonetsedwa ndi masamba otuwa, omwe amakhala osalala achikasu. Vutoli limachitika chifukwa kuphwanya njira ya photosynthesis. Mankhwala, mankhwala okhala ndi chitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Mawanga akuda. Masamba amakula, madontho akuda amawoneka. Zipatso zimachititsanso khungu, kukoma kwake kumakulirakulira. Chithandizo chimakhala ndikuchotsa ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa.
Chimodzi mwazomwe matenda omwe Victoria angayambitsidwe ndi tsamba la chlorosis.
Pofuna kupewa kuyambuka ndi kukula kwa matenda, mphesa za Victoria panthawi yakucha zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zikonzedwe ndikukonzekera mwapadera. Izi zimaphatikizapo iron sulfate, Bordeaux fluid, Ridomil (kukhudzana ndi systemic fungicide), Tsineb (ali ndi dongosolo komanso njira yolumikizirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda). Chithandizo ndi zokhudza zonse fungicides zimachitika mu kasupe pamaso budding, pambuyo mapangidwe zipatso ndi m'dzinja mutakolola. Ma fungicides amalumikizidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakagwa mvula yayitali, komanso pambuyo pa chifunga ndi mvula yambiri, i.e. yokhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu.
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Chaka chino, zilonda zamvula, Victoria amandisangalatsa. Komabe, izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zabwino zake: kukana chisanu kwambiri komanso kupewa matenda. Ponena za mavu, vuto limathetsedwa - matumba a masango akhala akuyembekezera m'mapiko nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale kuli mvula, tchire lidawonetsa zochuluka ndikupanga zipatso zabwino, popanda nandolo.
Nadezhda Nikolaevna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=56
Ndinachotsa Victoria pafupifupi zaka 4 zapitazo: chofooka kwambiri pazonse zomwe ndinali nazo; masango ang'ono; kuchuluka kwa ana opeza omwe akuyesetsa kuti amange magulu atatu; khungu loonda, lopweteketsa mtima, ndichifukwa chake limakonda mavu ndi tizilombo tina ndi mbalame. Kuphatikiza pa kukoma kwabwinobwino komanso kukana kwambiri chisanu, ku Victoria sikunapeze zabwino zina. Fomu yololera yotsika kwambiri, anthu samagula makamaka pamsika. Ndipo nthawi yakucha sinayambike kwambiri.
Vladimir Karkoshkin//lozavrn.ru/index.php/topic,39.0.html?PHPSESSID=jlajf8qhf0p1j4d635jhklr585
Ndimakonda Victoria, kukoma kwa zipatso zokhala ndi nati, kupsa - pakati pa Ogasiti, masango siziri choncho ... koma zabwinobwino, ndiyesera kutsina mutamasuka, ndipo nthawi zina, zipatso zake zimasokonekera. Mavuto onse amatha, momwe ndimachitira ndi Mikosan.
Parkhomenko Elena//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=70&t=291
Ngakhale pali zophophonya zomwe zilipo, mphesa za Victoria ndi tebulo lotchuka pakati pa oyamba ndi alimi odziwa ntchito. Pofuna kuti musasiye izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zotetezera ndi kusamalira mbewu. Zovuta zazikulu zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikufunika kubzala pollinator.
