Dzungu timatcha masamba omwe ali ndi mtundu wa lalanje. Chomeracho chimachokera ku South America, ngakhale m'dziko lathu, malingana ndi zolima ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, zipatso za dzungu zimatha kufika mamita 1, ndipo zimakhala ndi makilogalamu oposa 200. Mbeu zamkati komanso zamagazi zimanyekedwa ngati chakudya, koma khungu la masamba amatha kuponyedwa mopanda chifundo, chifukwa ndi lolimba kwambiri, losavuta komanso losasangalatsa.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, maungu amayamba kudyedwa zaka zikwi zisanu BC. Madera akale a ku India anayamba kukulitsa chomera ichi, kupanga mafuta kuchokera ku mbewu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito peel monga chakudya. M'dera la Russia ndi Ukraine, maungu amakula posachedwapa, kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1800.
Chikhalidwe chimakula bwino m'madera otentha ndi ozizira. Amakonda kuwala, kutentha ndi kuthirira bwino. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi komanso ngakhale kuwala kotentha kumapangitsa kuti mbewuzo ziume mwamsanga ndipo zingathe kufa. Mbeu za dzungu zimabzalidwa mvula, zimatenthedwa mpaka 14 ° C nthaka. Nthawi zina masamba amabzalidwa panja ngati ma mbande, koma isanafike kuti mbande ikhale yovuta. 
Dzungu amakonda zokometsera feteleza, pamene kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala okhudzana ndi zakudya zowonjezera usanayambe kukolola kungawononge kwambiri kukoma kwake ndi zonunkhira. Komabe, kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino ndi zapamwamba za masambawa, sikokwanira kudziwa zenizeni za kulima kwake, ndikofunika kukhala ndi lingaliro la momwe mungatetezere dzungu ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Kodi kuthana ndi dzungu matenda
Mbewu yomwe imalongosola ili ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri chotsutsana ndi phytoinfections ndi tizilombo toononga, koma mlimi aliyense ayenera kudziwa momwe angachiritse dzungu ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Kotero Powdery mildew, bacteriosis, mizu ndi zovunda zoyera ziyenera kusiyanitsidwa pakati pa matenda owopsa a dzungu kumunda. Chomeracho chimalekerera ndi kuzunzidwa kwa tizirombo zomwe sizingathe kuwononga kwambiri masamba. Komabe, kupatula kwa ulamuliro ndi vwende ndi a kangaude, nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa kufa.
Ndikofunikira! Mukawona zizindikiro za matenda kapena zowonongeka pa tchire, alimi odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti ayambe kuchiza matendawa kapena kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi njira zonse zomwe zilipo.Chithandizo cha maungu a matenda ndi chiwonongeko cha tizilombo timachita bwino ndi mankhwala amtunduwu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito tizirombo kapena mankhwala ena. Ngakhale kuti njira zowonongeka mu dzungu zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri, zidzatenga nthawi ndipo mudzadzichepetsera pa masamba a masamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala alionse.
Mmene angadziwire ndi kuchiza bacteriosis
Bacteriosis ikhoza kuvulaza kwambiri osati dzungu, komanso masamba ena omwe amakula mumunda wanu, choncho ayenera kuzindikira nthawi yake.
Pa masamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo, zilonda zazing'ono zofiira zimapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mwanayo asinthe. Pogonjetsedwa ndi bacteriosis yamatenda, m'mawa mawanga amakhala ndi mdima wobiriwira, ndipo kenako amakhala bulauni. Pambuyo kuyanika, malo owonongeka amatha. Kutuluka kwa mabowo ang'onoang'ono pamasamba pakati pa mitsempha pa matenda a mbeu ndi bacteriosis. Wothandizira khansa ya bacteriosis amatha kupitiriza kwa mbewu zambiri ndi mbewu zatsamba za dzungu.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwonjezera apo, matendawa amayamba kukula ndi kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kutentha ndi kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka.Pofuna kuthetseratu matendawa komanso kuteteza kufala kwa matenda, ndi bwino kuchotsa zipatso zonse ndi masamba. Asanafese, mbewu za dzungu ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi 0.02% nthaka sulfate yankho. Choyamba, mbewuzo zimamizidwa tsiku limodzi mu njira, ndiyeno zowuma bwino, mpaka granular boma. Pa zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsatira mbeuyi ndi Bordeaux osakaniza, komanso chifukwa cha prophylactic masambawa amathiridwa ndi 0,4% mkuwa wa chloroxide kapena 1% yothetsera mankhwala ofanana ndi Bordeaux.
Zomwe mungachite ngati pachimake choyera chimaonekera pa dzungu, kuchiza sclerotinia
Ngati pali pachimake choyera pa dzungu, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa choganiza kuti nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chomera chanu chakhala choyera. Choyamba, zoyera zimawonekera pa malo okhudzidwa, ndipo kenako matupi akuda, omwe amatchedwa sclerotia. Kufalikira kwa matenda kumathandizira kuchepetsa kutentha ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, malo owonongeka amapezeka ndi laimu-fluff kapena makala. Mmodzi wodwala matendawa ndi matenda a fungal. 
Kutenga kumakhudza mbali zonse za zomera: zipatso, masamba, ndevu ndi zimayambira. Mitundu yomwe imakhudzidwayi imakhala yochuluka, imachepetsanso ndipo imadzazidwa ndi white mycelium. Ngati matenda a dzungu amapezeka muzitsamba, amauma ndikufa mwamsanga. Makamaka atengeka ndi matenda ndi zomera pa fruiting siteji.
Chinthu chabwino kwambiri cholimbana ndi kuvunda koyera ndi kupalira kwa nthawi yake komanso kuwonongedwa kwa namsongole. Komanso, mutatha kukolola, samalani panthawi yake.
Ndikofunikira! Njira yabwino kwambiri yowononga chikhalidwe ndi matenda a fungalomu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini a foliar: 1 gramu ya zinc sulphate, 10 magalamu a urea ndi 2 magalamu a sulphate zamkuwa amadzipiritsika mu 10 malita a madzi.Ngati muli ndi matenda aakulu, zimalimbikitsa kuchotsa masamba onse owonongeka ndikupatseni malo ocheka ndi 0,5% ya mchere sulphate kapena kuwawaza ndi makala oyaka.
Momwe mungapulumutsire dzungu ku mame
Ngati powdery mildew inkaonekera pa dzungu, ndiye kuti mungapeze za matenda pogwiritsa ntchito mawanga oyera pa masamba, zimayambira kapena petioles za chikhalidwe. Pakapita nthawi, amakula kukula kwake ndikuphatikizana mu chipinda chimodzi, pamene akuphimba pepala lonse ndi chizungu choyera. Malo oonongeka amatembenukira chikasu ndi youma panthawi. Sporulation wa bowa amachititsa kuchepa kwa ubwino wa mphukira ndi kuchepa mu zokolola zake. Amaluwa ambiri amakhudzidwanso ndi funsoli: "Chifukwa chiyani dzungu limatembenuka chikasu ngati muli ndi powdery mildew?". Chilichonse chimakhala chosavuta: ndi matendawa, njira za photosynthesis zimasokonezeka mkati mwa chomeracho, zomwe zimawoneka ku chikasu ndi kuyanika pang'ono kwa masamba. Wothandizira mankhwalawa ndi bowa, chomwe chimakhudza zinthu zonse zothandiza kuchokera kuchikhalidwe. Pa masamba okhudzidwa, mapangidwe a cystocarpia (fruiting body) amapezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kufalikira kwa matenda. 
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupewa chitukuko chofulumira cha matendawa, mutatha kukolola m'pofunika kuchotsa mwamsanga zitsamba zonse kuchokera ku mabedi.Pachizindikiro choyamba cha kuwonongeka kwa zomera ndi powdery mildew, iwo amachiritsidwa ndi 70% yankho la colloidal sulfure, sodium phosphate yosasulidwa ndi 10% isophene yankho. Pakakhala zilonda zamkati, masamba onse oonongeka amachotsedwa, ndipo malo odulidwa amachizidwa ndi nthaka sulphate kapena amapopedwa ndi mullein.
Momwe mungachiritse mizu zowola
Wothandizira matendawa ndi bowa ndi matenda a masamba ndi mizu yovunda pa dzungu, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuoneka. Zomwe zimakhudza zimayambira ndipo mizu ya mbeu imakhala yofiirira ndipo pang'onopang'ono imachepetsa, zomera zimasiya kukula, masamba ake otsika amatembenukira chikasu. Ngati mupitirizabe kunyalanyaza vutoli, lingathe kuwononga chikhalidwecho. Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri mphukira zomwe zimalandira zakudya zochepa, komanso zomwe zimakhala zozizira kwambiri kusintha kapena zimakhala ndi madzi okwanira. 
Pamene mukukula maungu, chithandizo chachikulu cholimbana ndi mizu yovunda ndi kuchotsa nthawi yotsalira kuchokera ku bedi mutatha kukolola. Ndiponso kupewa chitukuko cha matenda chingathandize:
- kuthirira masamba ndi madzi otentha, kutentha kumene kumafika +20 ° ะก;
- kugwiritsa ntchito foliar zowonjezereka zowonongeka pa mlingo wa 10 magalamu a urea pa 10 malita a madzi, ndi kuwonjezera kwa galamu limodzi la nthaka sulfate ndi awiri magalamu a mkuwa sulphate.
Njira zochizira matenda opatsirana
Ngakhale kuti dzungu limatengedwa kuti ndi lopanda ulemu, chidziwitso chimatha kuvulaza kwambiri. Medyanka (dzina lachiwiri la anthracnose) ndi matenda opatsirana ndi matenda a fungal. Ngati chomera chitayika, masamba akuluakulu a mtundu wofiira kapena wachikasu pamasamba. Kenaka, kuwonongeka kumawonekera pa zimayambira ndi zipatso. 
Mukudziwa? Pamene mpweya umakhala wowonjezereka, mawonekedwe a pinki kapena achikasu amakhala osindikizira pa malo owonongeka a chikhalidwe.Pofuna kuteteza matenda, dzungu lopangidwa limapangidwa ndi sulfure powder. Zipatso zopweteka zimapangidwa ndi 1% yothetsera Bordeaux osakaniza kapena 90% yothetsera mchere oxychloride. Mukakolola, muyenera kusamala kuti musamavulaze ndiwo zamasamba, chifukwa spores za bowa zimadutsa mosavuta m'madera owonongeka.
Zimene mungachite ngati dzungu likudwala ndi maonekedwe achikasu
Zojambula zapamwamba - matenda a tizilombo. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawoneka ngakhale pa mphukira zazing'ono. Amawonetseredwa ndi makwinya, masamba ndi ma chlorotic. Pambuyo pake, tsamba la masamba la mphukira zowonongeka limakwera mkati, ndipo patapita nthawi kukula kwa mbeu yonse kumachepetsanso. Mu chikhalidwe chokhudzidwa, chitetezo chimayamba kugwa mofulumira, motero pali kuwonjezereka kwadzidzidzi kwa matenda achiwiri, omwe amachititsa imfa yake mofulumira. 
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa chikasu, tisanayambe kufesa mbewu zamatenda, amathiridwa ndi mphamvu yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate.Ngati kachilombo ka mbeu kameneka kanakhala pamtunda wa zomera, ndiye kuti mbande imathandizidwa ndi yankho la "Women 3". Kuonjezerapo, chifukwa cha kutengeka kwakukulu kwa zomera zonse zokhudzidwa, ndi bwino kuchotsa m'munda, chifukwa apo ayi matendawa adzafalikira mofulumira pawekha. Pofuna kuteteza mbewu zathanzi, tikulimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito mulch wotsalira, komanso kupopera bwinobwino malowa ndi mafuta odzola.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ta dzungu
Njira zolimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta maungu ndizosiyana komanso posankha njira, muyenera kusamala kuti musayambe kuwononga chomera. M'dziko lathu, mwini wake wa munda akuwona kuti ndizofunika kukula pang'onopang'ono ndi nkhumba zingapo pa chiwembu chake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti dzina la tiziromboli liyenera kudziwika kwa alimi onse. Ndibwino kuti zonse ziziyenda monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira, koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti masamba a mbeuyo amayamba kuphuka, kuphimba, ndi kutembenukira chikasu, ndipo kuti zithandize bwino chomera ndikofunika "kudziwa mdani mwa kuona".
Nkhumba mite pa dzungu
Nkhumba zowonongeka ndi zosafunikira, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nthata zamagulu, zomwe ndi mdani wake woipitsitsa kwambiri. Popanda thandizo, sangathe kulimbana ndi matendawa kwa nthawi yaitali, kutanthauza kuti mutangoona madontho aatali achikasu pamunsi mwa masamba a dzungu, muyenera kuyamba kumenyana ndi tizilombo. Mukasankha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opanga mankhwala ophera akangaude, kumbukirani kuti mankhwalawa ayenera kuchitika pasanathe milungu itatu asanakolole.
Ndikofunikira! Polimbana ndi tiziromboti, odziwa wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi peel (okonzeka pa maziko a 200 magalamu a mankhusu pa 10 malita a madzi).Zomera ku malo odyetsera zomera ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi chloroethanol kapena Celtan.
Mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito matendawa
Ngati dzungu limakula pamunda wanu, zimatheka kuti mphukira ikuuluka posachedwa - tizilombo toopsa ku mavwende ndi mavwende. Pofuna kuteteza chomera, musadziwe kokha momwe tizilombo timawonekera, komanso kuti mudziwe momwe tingawononge. Tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kameneka kamakhala kakang'ono, kuyambira mamita asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri, imvi, ndipo pali mzere wandiweyani wakuda pamimba. Mphungu ya tizilomboyi ndi yoyera, imatha kufika mamita 7 m'litali ndipo imakhala yocheperapo patsogolo.
Mphuno ya ntchentche yomwe imadulidwa pansi pa mbewu za mbewu za mbewu kapena ndiwo zamasamba, ndikuuluka kunja kwa mwezi wa May, ndikuyika mazira pansi pa nthaka. Mphutsi imachokera ku mazira patatha masiku khumi ndikuwononga mbewu zowonongeka ndi mphukira za dzungu. Tizilombo toyamwa timalowera kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito mmalo ndipo timadutsa mu phesi, komwe imadyetsa komanso kumaphunzira patatha masiku 16. Pambuyo pake, chirichonse chimabwereza kachiwiri. Mu nyengo imodzi, kuchokera ku 2 mpaka 3 mibadwo ya ntchentche zimakula.
Mtundu wotsutsana ndi tizilombo ndikutchera nthaka m'dzinja ndi kumayambiriro ndi kusindikiza mosamala manyowa. Ngati tizilombo tazindikira pa tsambali, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisanayambe kufesa mbeu. (mwachitsanzo, monga Fentiuram), yomwe idzawononge tizilombo tisanatulukire mbozi.
Kodi ndizovuta bwanji msuzi aphid ndi momwe mungachotsedwe
Gulu la aphid ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka pamunsi mwa masamba. Mu chomera chimene chinayambidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, masamba amayamba kupiringa ndi kugwa pakapita nthawi, ndipo ngati nthawi sichilowerera mu njirayi, chikhalidwechi chimamwalira mwamsanga. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timadya chakudya chofunika kwambiri cha dzungu, zomwe zimayambitsa kutheka ndi kukula kwa chikhalidwe.
Chithandizo cha mphukira pa nthawi yake ndi sopo yothetsera (10 malita a madzi, 200 magalamu a sopo) kapena decoction ya chitsamba chowawa adzapulumutsa dzungu. Amagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mankhwala, mmera ndi mankhwala 10% a karbofos amapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Bwanji ngati slugs zikupezeka pa dzungu
Chakumapeto kwa May, slugs angayambe pa tsamba. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndizachonde kwambiri ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri. Zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri pamoyo wawo ndi masiku amvula ndi ozizira.
Mukudziwa? Slugs amadya ovary ndi masamba a zomera. Masana, tizilombo timabisala mu ngodya yodalirika kuchokera ku kuwala, ndipo usiku umathamangira kukadya. Pofuna kusonkhanitsa slugs muyenera kuika zida zowonongeka, matabwa kapena masamba a kabichi pabedi, ndipo m'mawa mudzafunika kukweza misampha ndi kusonkhanitsa tizirombo.Pofuna kuteteza mawonekedwe a slugs, pangani mbande ndi fodya, phulusa, laimu kapena superphosphate. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimapangitsa kukonkha kwa dzungu kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, chitsamba chowawa, chamomile kapena nsonga za phwetekere.
Kulimbana ndi Wireworm pa Dzungu
Wireworm yotchedwa larvae dinani kafadala. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakonda kudya mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a fungal kapena bakiteriya. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ali ndi mphamvu zofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti atchulidwe.
Kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mungathe kumanga zilonda zazing'ono. Kuti muchite izi, nkofunika kukumba mazenera ang'onoang'ono pa siteti ndikuyika mbatata yaiwisi kapena beets mkati mwawo, ndipo patatha masiku asanu tingoti tizilombo tibweretse.
Ngati pakukonzekera dothi mumawona kuti pali tizirombo zambiri ndipo sizingatheke kusonkhanitsidwa pamanja, muyenera kudera m'deralo ndi basudin.
Dzungu ndi zokoma, zonunkhira komanso zathanzi, koma kuti tithe kudya zipatso zowonongeka m'nyengo yozizira, tifunika kukonzekera kwathunthu ku matenda ndi tizirombo.
