Odyetsa apanga mitundu yambiri ya mabulosi akuda, imodzi mwa iyo Chiwerengero cha Chester Thornless. Imaonekera pakati pa ena ndi kukana kwamtunda kwa lakuthwa kozizira, komanso bwino kukoma. Mabulosi a Blackberry Chester Thornless anakondana ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa minga ndi zipatso zazikulu.
Tanthauzo la Chester Thornless Blackberry
M'zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri za makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo mu laboratories ya America ya boma la Maryland, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosi akuda Chester Thornless inadulidwa. Zinayambika ndi kusakanizidwa kwa mitundu ina ya Darrow (yomanga) ndi Tornfri (anthu okhalamo). Chifukwa chake, shrub yaikulu, yowonongeka ndi mabulosi amphepete anapangidwa.
Mphukira ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosi akuda awa ndi osiyana-siyana kapena ochepa-owongoka, amakhala ndi kuwala kofiira, amatha kusintha mosavuta ndikufika kutalika kwa mamita atatu. Mitengo - yamphamvu ndi yamphamvu. Patatha nthawi yopanga mabulosi, zimayambira. Pazaka ziwiri zilizonse, mbali ya pamwamba ya shrub ikusinthidwa.
Masamba a Chester Thornless ndi trifoliate ndipo amakonzedwa mwa dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa. Mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira. Pamunsi, masamba a fruiting amapangidwa, omwe masamba ake amapangidwa. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, maluwa oyera ndi obiriwira amawoneka kuchokera kwa iwo, omwe amawombera maluwa ndi zipatso zambiri. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa August.
Pa nthawi yakucha, zipatso zimakhala zakuda. Zipatso zonse zimakula mpaka masentimita atatu ndipo zimakhala pafupifupi magalamu asanu ndi atatu.
Mabulosi a Blackberry Chester Thornless amasinthidwa bwino kuti asungidwe ndi kayendedwe. Zimayendera motsutsana ndi mbiri ya Tornfri kukoma kwabwino kwa zipatso zake. Zipatso zimakondanso ndi anthu omwe amadya chakudya, chifukwa ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Mitundu yambiri ya mabulosi akuda amatha kudyedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lokhala ndi timadzi timene timapezeka m'magazi, komanso omwe amadwala matenda a m'mimba.
Mukudziwa? Mabulosi akutchire amaonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira ku United States of America. Kumeneko, shrub imakula pafupifupi nyumba zonse za chilimwe ndi kumbuyo. Anabweretsedwa ku Ulaya kokha m'ma 1800.
Malonda ndi machitidwe a Chester Thornless
Izi shrub limakula popanda mavuto ndipo imabereka zipatso ku Ukraine ndi maiko ena a ku Ulaya. Iwo amalekerera mosavuta chonyowa ndi nyengo yotentha. Kutentha kwa chisanu cha mabulosi akutchire Chester Thornless ndipamwamba kuposa matamando onse. Kumadera ndi kutentha kufika kufika -30 ° C, ndikwanira kutenga miyezo yoyenera yophimba chipale chofewa.
Ubwino:
- Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga
- Zokolola zazikulu.
- Kuthana ndi chilala chifukwa cha mizu yotchuka kwambiri, yomwe ndi yakuya mokwanira.
- Zamtengo wapatali zakudya mankhwala.
- Zipatso sizimataya mauthenga pa nthawi yaulendo.
- Maonekedwe okongoletsera.
Kuipa:
- Pakati pa kutentha kwambiri, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tiike tizilombo ta blackberries, ngakhale kuti tili ndi makhalidwe otentha kwambiri.
- Chomeracho sichimasinthidwa pang'ono kwa malo otsekedwa ndi othunzi. Sitikulimbikitsanso kuti mubzala m'madera otsika ndi mitsinje.
Kubzala Mbande za Blackberry Chester Thornless
Kupitako patsogolo kwa mabulosi akutchire ndi ofanana ndi raspberries ndipo ndi zaka ziwiri. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, kukula kwawo ndi kuphulika kumachitika. Pa yachiwiri - fruiting ndikufa.
Mabulosi a Blackberry Chester Thornless amayamba maluwa ndipo amayamba mu June, koma izi ndizowonjezera kwakukulu, chifukwa maluwawo sali poyera kuti masika amawomba, ndipo kucha kwa zipatso ndi pachaka.
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera kubzala
Mbande ingatengedwe ndi mizu yotseka, ndi yotseguka. Chikhalidwe chachikulu ndi chitukuko chokwanira cha mizu. Mukamagula zokolola, phunzirani zosiyana siyana - izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti mubzala komanso kusamalira bwino tchire.
Tengani zokolola, zomwe ziri zaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, mu minda kapena m'minda. Kumeneko, zomera zomwe zimabzala ndi uterine zimayesedwa ndi akatswiri a mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zomera.
Yang'anani mbande mutagula. Zipatso ziyenera kukhala opanda masamba, zopanda kuwonongeka kapena zouma. Sitiyenera kuwoneka ngakhale zizindikiro zochepa chabe za matenda ndi kukhalapo kwa tizirombo pa mphukira ndi mizu.
Mbewu yabwino imayesedwa kuti ikhale yotsatira:
- Zili ziwiri kapena zitatu zazikulu zigoba mizu.
- Mizu sifupika kuposa masentimita 15.
- Kupulumuka kwakukulu.
- Zowonjezera mbali zosachepera 40 cm.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera kubwereka
Kusankha malo odzala mabulosi akutchire Chester Thornless, tsatirani zizindikiro za shrub - ndi chomera chokonda kwambiri, kotero fruiting adzakhala pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri padzuwa kapena pamthunzi wache.
Ngati kulibe kuwala, zipatso za mabulosi akutchire zidzakhala zazing'ono ndikutaya kukoma kwawo. Pansi pa zochitika ngati zikukula, mphukira zazing'ono zimakula pamwamba, kutseka nthambi zopatsa zipatso kuchokera ku dzuwa. Mapangidwe a mphukira akhoza kuchitika kumapeto kwa autumn, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri chisanu kukana kwa shrub.
Chester Thornless silingalekerere dothi lopanda mphamvu, kotero simungakhoze kulima m'madera omwe nthawi zambiri amadzaza ndi mvula kapena madzi otungunuka. Kudzala kwa mabulosi a mabulosi a Blackberry Chester Thornless ayenera kubzalidwa mu dothi kumene madzi a pansi pansi ali ndi mita imodzi. Apo ayi, chomeracho sichidzapulumuka.
Ndikofunikira! Onjezerani kuti mabulosi akuda ndi abwino kwambiri ku dothi loamy ndipo samalola carbonate. Koma apa chirichonse chidzadalira kukula kwake kanyumba kanyengo. N'zosatheka kuti igawidwe mu nthaka zosiyanasiyana. Kwenikweni, zolemba zonsezo zidzakhala chimodzimodzi ndipo udzasintha nthaka kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri kuti ikule Chester Thornless.
Kusankha malo oti mubzalala mabulosi akudawa, simungadandaule ndi chitetezo ku chisanu ndi mphepo yozizira, monga Chester Thornless ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Zitsamba zimabzalidwa bwino ndi zilumba zazing'ono pakati pa munda, ngakhale kuti ambiri amachita zosiyana, akuyika tchire pamphepete mwa mpanda.
Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kuchoka mu mpanda ndi mita imodzi, kuti mabulosi akuda asapangidwe pang'ono, ndipo zingakhale bwino kuti musonkhanitse zipatso m'tsogolomu. Kupititsa patsogolo zitsamba kumbali zonse sikungowonongeka kukolola, komanso kusamalira mabulosi akuda.
Mukudziwa? Makolo athu amatchedwa mabulosi akuda "berry-hedgehog-berry", chifukwa pa zimayambira amakhala ndi minga yambiri yaminga.
Njira yolowera mofulumira
Agrotechnika kukula mabulosi akuda amaphatikizapo mfundo zingapo zofunika. Ndi bwino kuyamba kubzala mabulosi akuda kumayambiriro kwa masika, ngakhale mutatha kuziimitsa mpaka nthawi yophukira. Pokhapokha, gawoli liyenera kufupikitsidwa pafupifupi theka, komanso limapindikizidwa bwino m'nyengo yozizira kotero kuti mphukira zazing'ono zisamaundane ndipo zomera sizifa.
Koma kukonzekera dothi kuyenera kuchitika m'dzinja, pofuna kudzala mabulosi akuda m'chaka. Chiwembu chosankhidwa kuti chodzala chiyenera kukumbidwa mpaka akuya theka la mita ndi feteleza a mchere ndi mtundu wa organic ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Kwa 1 m² muyenera kukonzekera 50 g wa feteleza-based fertilizer, 100 g wa superphosphate ndi 10 makilogalamu a kompositi. Ngati malowa ali ndi nthaka, peat ndi mchenga ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Mitundu yakuda imayenera kubzalidwa m'mitsinje kapena maenje opitirira masentimita 40 ³. Ayenera kuikidwa pamtunda wa 50 cm kapena 1 mita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Malingana ndi mapangidwe amtsogolo amtsogolo. Koma popeza Chester Thornless ndi shrub yaikulu, pangani mipata yambiri. M'mabowo malo okhala ndi nthaka, akudzaza mu 2/3.
Ngati kukonzekera koyamba kwa nthaka sikukuchitika m'dzinja, sikuchedwa kwambiri kuti tichite mtsogolo. Manyowa amasakanikirana bwino ndi nthaka mumadziwe kuti asamacheze ndi mizu ya mbande.
Ikani mbande mu dzenje kuti mbeu yosiyana siyana, yomwe ili pamunsi pa tsinde, isakhale masentimita atatu. pamwamba.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupeza mvula ndi kuthirira madzi bwino, pangani mabowo kuzungulira mabulosi akuda. Dulani nthaka ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta humus, kutuluka kwa utuchi kapena peat osakaniza. Chitani izo masika onse.Mukamadzala mabulosi akuda, kumbukirani kuti "akutsata zolinga zamanyazi." Pofuna kuteteza zomera kuti zisamalowe m'malo omwe sizinapangidwenso, pezani mapepala omwe ali pambali. Izi siziyenera kuchitika kokha kuchokera ku zikhalidwe zina, komanso kuchokera ku mpanda, chifukwa oyandikana nawo sangakonde "kuwukira" koteroko.
Mabulosi a mabulosi akuda Chester Thornless amakula wamtali ndi zipatso zambirimbiri, kotero tchire zimafuna chinachake. Chinthu chophweka kuchichita pafupi ndi shrub iliyonse ndi kuyendetsa nthambi ndi kumangiriza nthambi.
Ngati mwaika mabulosi akuda ndi njira yamba, ndiye kuti kukhazikitsa trellis kudzakuthandizani. Kokani mndandanda m'mphepete mwa mzere ndikuwongolera waya zingapo pakati pawo pamtunda wa mamita pamtunda wa msomali. Zimayambira zingamangirire kuzingwe kapena kupotoka, kudutsa pakati pawo.
Mukudziwa? Maonekedwe a mabulosi akuda anali nthano. Panthawi ina wolemera wina panna anakumana ndi mbusa wosauka. Chikondi chinayambira pakati pawo. Koma chilango chinalankhula motero kuti anakakamizika kuchoka. Kwa nthawi yaitali, mtsikanayo anam'sowa chifukwa sakanakhala pafupi ndi wokondedwa wake ndipo adafunsa chilengedwe kuti am'patse moyo wowawa pang'ono. Ndipo iye anamupatsa iye mabulosi akutchire ndi kukoma kwake kokoma ndi kowawa.
Chisamaliro choyenera ndicho chinsinsi chokolola chabwino.
Chisamaliro cha mabulosi a Blackberry Chester Thornless chimachokera pa "nyanga" zotsatirazi:
- Kuthira madzi nthawi zonse;
- Kupuma;
- Kumasula nthaka;
- Njira zothandizira komanso zothandizira kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
- Kudulira ndi kupanga mawotchi.
Kuthirira ndi kumasula nthaka
Mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi omwe munabzala chaka chino ayenera kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri kwa masiku 45 oyambirira komanso panthawi yamvula. Pa nthawi ya fruiting, tchire amafunika kuthirira, pamene kukula kwake kuli kolimba kwambiri ndipo zipatso zimapsa.
Kusakaniza nthaka, musagwiritsire ntchito madzi kuchokera m'chitsime kapena ozizira pa pompu. Njira yabwino ingakhale kusonkhanitsa madzi a mvula kapena madzi apampopi mu chidebe chachikulu ndikuchiyika dzuwa kwa masiku angapo.
Kukolola Chester Thornless kunali kochuluka komanso kokoma, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mkhalidwe wa nthaka pa tsamba. Ngati kwa zaka zingapo zoyambirira pakati pa tchire lakuda wakuda kumabzala masamba, kapena omwe amapita feteleza, m'chaka chachitatu ndimezi ziyenera kusungidwa pansi pa nthunzi zakuda.
Udzu wokhawokha womwe umamera umayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo nthaka pakati pa mizera iyenera kumasulidwa kasanu pa nyengo kufika pafupifupi masentimita 12. Pakati pa zitsamba, dothi liyenera kutsekedwa kapena kumasulidwa mozama pafupifupi 8 masentimita katatu pa nyengo yokula.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati dera lanu lidakali ndi udzu, utuchi, singano kapena masamba ogwa a m'nkhalango, mphamvu ya kumasula ndi njira zothandizira udzu zimachepa kwambiri. Koma mulch ngati mawonekedwe a masentimita asanu a manyowa kapena peat manyowa amapereka chitetezo kwa namsongole ndi kuteteza mawonekedwe a nthaka. Zidzakhalanso magwero a zakudya zambiri pa chitsamba cha mabulosi akuda.
Kudyetsa tchire cha mabulosi akuda
Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira ndi kuyamba kutentha kwa kasupe masiku, mabulosi akuda amalepheretsa ndipo amafunikira zakudya zapadera. Choncho, pali funso lodziwika bwino: momwe mungadyetse mabulosi akuda Chester Thornless m'chaka?
Ammonium nitrate kapena urea amagwiritsidwa ntchito muyeso ya 20g / m². Wapamwamba kwambiri nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makilogalamu 4 pa mamita ndi nthawi yokha yomwe ikukula. Potaziyamu sulphate ayenera kutsanuliridwa pa 40 gm per m² chiwembu. Sulfure feteleza ayenera kuperekedwa kwa mabulosi akuda pachaka, koma okhawo omwe alibe chlorine.
Ngati mchere umapangidwa ndi kompositi, chakudya chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa ngati phosphate feteleza. Ngati pali chinthu china chilichonse chomwe chimayambira, ndiye kuti phosphates ndizofunikira muyezo wa 50 g / mmita zaka zitatu iliyonse.
Ndikofunikira! Zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zoyambirira mutabzala Chester Thornless sayenera kukhala ndi umuna.
Thandizo kwa zitsamba
Poganizira zokwawa za mabulosi akuda ndi nthawi yowononga, komanso kukolola, m'madera akuluakulu vertical trellis.
Pofuna kupanga mamangidwe oterowo, mizati ya mamita awiri -pamwamba imayikidwa pamtunda wosakanikirana wa mamita 6-10 kuchokera pa mzake. Pakati pa iwo, waya woyamba amachokera pamtunda wa mapazi awiri kuchokera pansi, wachiwiri - ndi mita, wachitatu - mamita limodzi ndi hafu, ndipo waya womalizira amakhala pamwamba pa nsanamirazo.
Njira yoyamba yokonza blackberries pa trellis:
Mphukira imayenera kupotoka pakati pa mizere itatu ya waya. Zonse zomwe zidzamera pambuyo pa garter, muyenera kuzigawa pambali pa chitsamba chachikulu. Awonetseni kuti akhale pa waya wachinayi pamwamba pa mphukira zina zonse.
Njira yachiwiri yokonza blackberries pa trellis:
Mphukira ya mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi a mabulosi am Mphukira yaching'ono kwambiri ndi yathanzi imamangirizidwa ku chingwe chachikulu kwambiri. Njirayi ndi yabwino chifukwa pali malo ambiri omasuka omwe amawombera, iwo amaunikira bwino, ndipo chifukwa chake, zokolola za mabulosi akuda Chester Thornless zikuwonjezeka kwambiri. Onani kuti njira iyi ndi yovuta poyerekeza ndi yoyamba.
Njira yachitatu yokonza blackberries pa trellis:
Mphukira ndi zipatso zimasudzulidwa pambali pa mphukira zazing'ono ndipo zimagwiridwa ndi mzere wachiwiri kapena wachitatu wa waya, womwe uli pamtunda wa mamita ndi hafu kuchokera pansi. Mphungu imakhala ndi zipangizo zofewa kuti zisamawonongeke, monga twine kapena ulusi.
Kukolola
Blackberries nthawi zambiri molakwika molakwika safuna kukula m'minda yawo ndi minda ya zipatso. Zonse zolakwika za chizoloŵezi choyamba kukolola zipatso. Olima munda amakhulupirira molakwitsa kuti ngati zipatsozo zimadetsedwa, zikutanthauza kuti zatha kale kumwa. Koma izi siziri zoona. Zipatsozi zimakhala zowawa komanso zowawa.
Kwa mabulosi akuda Chester Thornless adakudabwitsani ndi zonse zakuthandizira kukoma, muyenera kuzisiya kuti zipse ku nthambi mpaka mapeto. Mudzamvetsetsa pamene mukufunika kukolola, pa patina imvi pa zipatso zofewa zakuda.
Pambuyo nthawi yokolola itatha, iyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kumalo ozizira, ozizira. Dzuwa patangopita mphindi zochepa zipatsozo zimakhala zofiira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mkwiyo umawoneka ndipo zokoma zonse zimatayika. Komanso, zipatso za mabulosi a mabulosi akuda sayenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali- - amataya kukoma kwawo.
Ndikofunikira! Kololani mbewu yonse, ngakhale muli pompano kwambiri. Izi zidzathandiza kuti mbewu yotsatira idzaze ndi zipatso zazikulu komanso zokoma.
Kudulira ndi kumanga chitsamba cha mabulosi
Nthawi yomweyo yochenjezani kuti mabulosi akuda akucheka - Ndizovuta kwambiri, koma zofunikira kuti chitukuko chikhale choyenera. Choncho, ziyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse. Nthawi yoyamba kudula Chester Tornless kufunika zaka ziwiri mutabzala mutseguka. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuchotsa wakale fruiting akuwombera pachaka.
Mwa zina, tchire tiyenera kudula masika. Kenaka nthambi zambiri za fruiting ndi zouma zouma zimadulidwa. Kudulira uku kuyenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse, kusiya mphukira zisanu zokhazikika pamtambo. Izi zidzakhala zokwanira kuti zokolola zisangalatse.
Mabulosi a Blackberry Chester Thornless sangathe kutenthedwa kapena kutsekedwa m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa imayima kutentha mpaka madigiri 30, zomwe si zachilendo kwa nyengo yathu. Koma zimayambira zowonjezera fruiting ziyenera kufupikitsidwa mu kugwa. Ayenera kudulidwa mofanana pa mamita pafupifupi theka ndi hafu.
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa odziwa bwino m'chaka pamodzi ndi kumangiriza zimayambira. Izi ndi zabwino chifukwa amalingalira zotsatira zoipa zomwe nyengo yachisanu ikhoza kubweretsa: matenda a mabulosi akuda kapena kuwonongeka kwake.
Ndikofunikira! Zimayambira zomwe sizinawononge chisanu ndi chisanu, ziyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu.
Mfundo yachiwiri yofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha Blackberry ndi Chester Thornless. kupangira shrub. Mabulosi a mabulosi akutchire ali amphamvu koma amatha kusintha. Ayenera kuchita mapangidwe, kulekanitsa achinyamata mphukira ku fruiting.
Kuti apange chitsamba chiwonetsero chogwirizana, mitundu itatu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito: chithunzithunzi, chingwe ndi kuluka ndi chitsogozo chimodzi kapena ziwiri.
Mabulosi akutchire achinyamata mphukira ayenera kutsogoleredwa mosamala pambali. Shrub sayenera kukula mwachisawawa kulikonse komwe imakondweretsa, kotero iyenso iyenera kutsogozedwa ndi kuyimitsidwa. Pambuyo nyengo yakukula, nsonga zofooka za zimayambira zimachotsedwa.
M'chaka chachiwiri cha kukula, Chester Thornless amabala zipatso. Kumbali njira pali mapangidwe ndi patsogolo maonekedwe a zipatso. Atayamba kuwonekera mphukira zina, zomwe zimayenera kutumizidwa kumbali kapena mmwamba.
Mbewu ikakololedwa, mphukira yaikulu imachotsedwa, kusiya zatsopano pamalo awo. Amachotsanso nsonga zofooka. Izi zimachitika nthawi yonse yotsatira chaka chilichonse.
Mukudziwa? Pali chikhulupiliro chimodzi chotchuka: Pambuyo pa September 29, nkovuta kusonkhanitsa mabulosi akuda, chifukwa ndi owopsa kwa thanzi. Chotsatira ndiye masamba a zipatso amasonyeza satana.
Njira zobereketsa za mabulosi a Blackberry ndi Chester Thornless
Mabulosi a Blackberry Chester Thornless mitundu mu njira ziwiri:
- Kujambula mphukira yamapiko. Ndi njira iyi, nsongayo imagawanika ndipo imaikidwa padera padera lachiwiri la chilimwe.
- Kubalanso zipatso zobiriwira. Anaperekanso mu July. Mbali yakumtunda ya tsinde ndi impso imodzi iyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuyikidwa mu yankho la indolylbutyric asidi. Kenaka kwa mwezi kuti mubzalidwe mumphika, ndikupanga zinthu zozizira. Pambuyo popanga mizu yonse, mbewuyo ikhoza kubzalidwa pansi.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji mabulosi akuda Chester Thornless m'nyengo yozizira?
Monga tanena, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosi a mabulosi akutchire imalekerera chisanu bwino. Ndipo ngati m'deralo sali oposa madigiri 30, simungathe kutenga njira iliyonse yobisala. Koma ngati mukufuna kusewera bwino kapena kutentha kunja kwa madontho awindo, tidzakuuzani zoyenera kuchita.
Pambuyo kudulira, kumasula nthambi ku trellis, kuyala pansi ndikuphimba ndi masamba a chimanga. Ikani chophimba pamwamba - filimu ya pulasitiki, mwachitsanzo. Mabulosi akutchire pansi pa pogona si vyperevaet, kotero mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito udzu, humus, utuchi kapena udzu.
Musaphimbe masamba ogwa kuchokera ku mitengo ya zipatso, chifukwa akhoza kubisala matenda osiyanasiyana, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikupatsira tizilombo tosafuna. Zouma zakuda zakuda zakuda, zomwe zinagwera mu kugwa, zikufunikanso kuti zikhodwe mu mulu wosiyana ndi kutenthedwa.
