Miyambi ndi mawu ambiri amalemekeza phindu kaloti. Kuyambira tili mwana, timamva chomera kuchokera ku masamba awa: "Kaloti amawonjezera magazi, "" Idyani kaloti, ndipo maso adzawona bwino. "Aliyense ali mwana amamva izi kuchokera kwa makolo awo. Karoti kondani akulu ndi ana. Iye ali pakati pa masamba khumi pamwamba pa tebulo lathu. Popanda izo simudzaphika mbale zambiri, choncho timayesetsa kukonzekera m'nyengo yozizira. Pamodzi ndi mbatata, beets ndi kabichi Kaloti - imodzi mwa masamba ofunika kwambiri pa zakudya za anthu. M'nyengo yozizira, iyi ndi nyumba yosungiramo mavitamini. Koma nthawi zambiri ngakhale aluso ndi olima mtima wamaluwa samatha kukula mbewu yabwino ya kaloti. Matenda opatsirana a kaloti, tizirombo - zifukwa zingakhale zosiyanasiyana.
Vuto loyera (sclerotinia)
Zomwe zimachitika ku white rot kapena sclerotinia zimayambika ndi mapangidwe a mitsempha ya bowa Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.). Osakhazikika ku chikhalidwe cha matenda awa: nyemba, kaloti, kabichi ndi zikhalidwe zamagazi. M'madera a masamba amawononga mabala amapangidwa, omwe bowa-tizilombo timayamba kukula.
Mycelium imaphimba pachimake choyera chija. Kukula, mycelium ikufalikira kuzu wonse. Malo amaoneka ngati zisindikizo zoyera ndi zakuda. Uwu ndiwo sclerera wa bowa. Sizimataya moyo wawo kwa nthawi yaitali m'nthaka komanso m'mlengalenga.
Zikuoneka pakati pa ndiwo zamasamba zowonjezera nyengo yozizira, bowa limapangitsa mizu yonse yoyandikana nayo. Kusungirako kutentha kwachisamaliro kulibe kanthu, popeza spores za bowa zimagwira ntchito kutentha kuyambira 15 mpaka 22 ° C. Nthaka yowonongeka ndi bowa Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ndiye gwero lalikulu la matenda. Choncho, m'pofunika kupeŵa dothi loipitsidwa ndipo musabzale masamba ndi kubzala mbewu kwa zaka 3-5.
Kutseka kwa dothi lokhazikika ndi kukana kuwonjezera phosphorous panthaka kumathandiza kulimbana ndi matendawa. Koma kuyambika kwa fetereza fetereza kudzachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a kaloti. Kuzimitsa kwa kuvunda koyera, uterine mizu mu kugwa (musanayambe kugona pansi) akuchitidwa ndi TMTD, pogwiritsira ntchito 6-8 makilogalamu a mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi yokwanira yokwanira 1 ton ya mazimwa amadzi.
Kaloti omwe amapanga chakudya ndi ufa ndi fumbi la choko. Imalimbikitsa kusungira mpaka masika.
Ndikofunikira! Mukafika kumalo ozizira, zovunda zoyera zimafalikira mofulumira.
Zowola zovuta (rhizoctoniosis)
Choyambitsa matenda ndi nthaka bowa Rhizo-ctonia carotae Red. Karoti kuvunda kapena rhizoctoniosis ya kaloti ikukula mwamsanga ozizira yozizira. Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa chimakhudza zoposa 10% za kaloti.
Nthawi yowonjezera matendawa ndi miyezi itatu. Pa karoti kuoneka mawanga owuma a mawonekedwe ozungulira mpaka 6 mm m'mimba mwake. Zilonda izi zimaphimbidwa ndi nkhungu yoyera - bowa mycelium. Zilonda zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pamalo amodzi. Khungu la mizu limangowonongeka. Nkhumba za bowa zimafalitsidwa kudzera mu nthaka, koma matendawa amachokera ku bokosi lakale.
Bowa limasonkhanitsa mu nthaka ndi minda yosatha. Nkhumba za fungus sizingatheke kudyetsa malo ndi manyowa obiriwira.
Ndikofunikira! Matendawa amachepetsedwa kangapo pamene atagona kaloti yosungiramo mabokosi a polyethylene.
Madzi ovunda (bacteriosis)
Matendawa amakwiya ndi mabakiteriya a phytopathogenic a Genera Pseudomonas ndi Bacillus. Mawanga akuda amaoneka pa kaloti. Kulowa m'chipinda chapansi, kaloti zoterezo zimavunda, kudwala mizu yoyandikana nayo.
Kuwonongeka kwa bakiteriya koteroku kumayamba pa kaloti zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka kapena zothandizidwa. Bacteriosis ya kaloti imakula mwamsanga pamaso pa mpweya wozizira pansi (5-30 ° C) ndi dampness.
Grey kapena Kagatnaya zowola (botridiosis)
Botryttis cinerea Fr - amachititsa matenda oterewa. Grey kuvunda sizoloŵera. Matendawa sali ovuta kuposa ovunda kapena azungu. Mwinamwake mapangidwe a imvi akuvunda mu kaloti pafupi ndi makina a kabichi mu sitolo. Muzu mbewu yotsekedwa ndi bulauni madzi owonongeka. The mycelium amakula pa iwo ndipo mofulumira amakakamiza lonse karoti.
Kaloti zowola zimachepa, ndi zamkati zofiira. Nthaŵi zambiri zimakhudza karoti pang'ono ozizira kapena kusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira kwambiri. Ndi bwino kusamalira mbewu zowonongeka ndi kusinthanitsa mbewu, ndi kuyera koyera nthawi yeniyeni komanso kutaya makina osungirako mankhwala.
Zowola kapena zowola (fomoz)
Mphukira matenda fomozom amachititsa kukula kwa bowa Phoma rostrupii Sacc. Matendawa amatha kugwidwa ndi kusakanikirana kuti asungidwe mpaka theka la kaloti zonse zomwe zinabzalidwa chaka choyamba cha kulima. Koma karoti mbande (kaloti ali chaka chachiwiri cha kulima) akuwonongedwa ndi izo. Pa zimayambira za mbeu za mbeu (mu mafoloko a zimayambira) mawanga ofiira omwe amawoneka bwino.
Mukamapanga, mawanga osakanikirana amachititsa tsinde kukhala lopuma komanso louma. M'chaka choyamba cha kukula kwa fomoz pa kaloti, amadziwonekera mu tsamba lofiira, maonekedwe a mdima kapena amawanga. Kenaka okhudzidwawo amakoka zouma ndikufa. Mawanga achikasu kapena ofiira a maonekedwe osiyanasiyana amawonekera pa masamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda.
Kuchokera pamwamba pa bowa limakula mu karoti tishu. Katemera wa bowawu amayamba chifukwa cha zowola za kaloti. Ngati zowola zimafalikira mofulumira, ndiye masamba a karoti amafa. Mmerawo ukhoza kuwuma kwathunthu kapena pang'ono.
Mukasungidwa m'chipinda chapansi, matenda a karoti ndi bowa amapitirira, ndipo maonekedwe a imvi kapena mikwingwirima imatchulidwa mu karoti. Patapita nthawi, m'malo ooneka ngati mawanga, matenda ofewa amalowa mkati mwa mycelium zowola. Ndiye zowonongeka izi zimauma, ndipo karoti imakhala yovunda. Kuwonongeka kwa kaloti kumawoneka ngati zilonda zouma zakuda kapena zofiirira.
Nthawi zina matenda opatsirana amatha kukhala muzu wathanzi popanda kuphulika. Ndipo kokha kubzalidwa pansi chaka chotsatira kaloti amafa popanda kupanga zonse-fledged mbewu zomera. Ngati masamba adadulidwa kutalika, pakati padzakhala ndi kuvunda kofiirira.
Ngati chomeracho sichipezeka m'nthawi, chidzakhala chitsime cha matenda ndipo chidzayambitsa mbeu yonse ya mbewu. Musanayambe kusungiramo ndiwo zamasamba, zipinda zapansi zimatetezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowonongeka (1 gawo formalin pa magawo zana a madzi) kapena mkuwa sulphate (gawo limodzi la mkuwa sulphate pa magawo 45 a madzi).
Zowonjezerapo kusuta kwa zipinda zapansi ndi sulfure (60 g sulfure pa 1 m3) zikuchitika. Zipatso zazowonongeka zimasankhidwa bwino ndi kukanidwa. Kusungirako mabuku kusungidwa osati kale kuposa kutentha kwapakati pa 4 - 5 ° C. Ngakhalenso kutentha kwazing'ono zero zimakhala zovunda ndi nkhungu pa kaloti.
Ndibwino kuti muwabzala musanayambe kusokoneza amayi awo zomera za kaloti. Kuti tichite izi, mizu imalowetsedwa mu chidebe ndi kukhazikika kwa foundationol 5%. 50% pamatengedwa. pa mlingo wa 0.2-0.3 makilogalamu a mankhwala pa 100 makilogalamu a kaloti. Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira yomwe imakhala ndi zomera zowonongeka, bowa sichimawopsa kwambiri ndipo imatha kupitirira 25 ° C. Choncho, kuti mutenge njira yodzipatula, matenda onsewa amatenthedwa.
Manyowa ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu amachulukitsa kuti asawonongeke ndi matenda ena amodzi. Kaloti atsekedwa pamabedi amachititsanso kuti pakhale mavuto owopsa kwa rhizomes ndi fomozy. Pakukula, mbewu za kaloti zimayenera kuchitidwa ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi pa mlingo wa 0,6-0.8 l / m2. Kukonza kumachitika pa tsamba la chomera.
Mukudziwa? Kuchuluka kwa mlingo wa nayitrogeni feteleza kumawonjezera ngozi ya karoti fomozom.
Kutha Kwakuda (Alternaria)
Chifukwa cha karoti matenda wakuda kuvunda, bowa A. Radicina. Zimathandizira kubzala matenda ndi tsamba la tsamba. Kutentha ndi nyengo yamvula ndi mphepo ndi mvula kawirikawiri ndi malo omwe matendawa amayamba. Ndi matenda aakulu omwe ali ndi bulauni, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mbeu yonse ikhoza kutayika.
Zokhudzana ndi shuga ndi carotene muzu wa mbewu zimachepa, karotiyo imakula imakhala yaying'ono komanso yopota. Chomeracho chimalira. Matenda a tizilombo angapitirire kwa nthawi yaitali mbewu, masamba, karoti. Matenda opatsirana ndi kaloti wam'tchire.
Spores ya bowa amafalitsa mphepo ndi tizilombo. Black zowola karoti amawoneka chifukwa cha heavy madzulo kuthirira. Poyamba kukumba mabedi a kaloti, palibe manyowa atsopano omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumathandizanso ku matenda a zomera ndi kuvunda wakuda. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndizofanana ndi matenda a chalcosporosis, ndipo kugonjetsedwa kwa Alternaria m'nyengo yozizira nthawi yosungirako pansi ndi kofanana kwambiri ndi matenda a zovunda zoyera kapena Fusarium.
Matendawa a kaloti amakula mofulumira kwambiri ku 85% kutentha kwa mpweya, kutentha pamwamba pa 20 ° C komanso pamene ali m'dera lamchere komanso osalowerera ndale. Polimbana ndi matendawa, alimi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito fungicides "Falcon" ndi "Prozaro".
Brown malo
Kaloti akhoza kutenga bulauni tsamba. Wothandizira matendawa ndi bowa A. Dauci. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe bedi limadwala ndi spores za bowa, limapereka karoti. Kumalo ena masamba amakhala ofiira-bulauni ndi owopsya. Pakapita kanthawi, bedi lonse limakhala ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Masamba a kaloti auma. Kaloti zimapwetekedwa kwambiri ndi matendawa. Kawirikawiri malo okhudzidwawo a mizu yokha sali oposa 1 masentimita lonse ndipo pafupifupi pakati pa muzu. Pali malo ambiri otere pa kaloti. Kutenga ndi bowayi ndi chifukwa chake kaloti imavunda pansi.
Ngakhalenso m'dzinja wolima munda amasankha mosamala kuti asungidwe bwino, poyamba, mizu, bowa wodwala karoti sikusungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Nthawi yosungirako yozizira, mawanga amdima omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mabala ovunda amawoneka pabedi ndipo amangovunda.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi matendawa:
Onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane kayendedwe ka mbeu ndikubwezeretsa karoti pabedi ili sangakhalepo kale kuposa zaka zinayi. Asanafese, karoti mbewu zimatetezedwa ku disinfected mu wotumbululuka pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate ndi madzi. Pambuyo pokonza, yambani nyemba m'madzi ozizira. Kukonzekera kotere kwa kaloti kumawononga spores za bowa mu mbewu.
Njira ina yabwino yophera tizilombo ndi kuwawombera m'madzi otentha (kutentha sikukuposa 50 ° C). Timayesa nyembazo mu mpeni wazitsulo ndikuzidzaza ndi madzi otentha. Pambuyo pa mphindi 10, ikani mtolo mu nyemba ndi madzi ozizira. Mwamsanga pamene zizindikiro zoyambirira kuti karotiyo inadwala, zinayambira, ife timatenga zochitika mwamsanga. Ndi bwino kuwaza kaloti "Immunocytophyte" kapena "Epin-yowonjezera." Mankhwalawa "Evin" ndi abwino kwambiri.
Mitengo ya feteleza yomwe imatha nthawi yake silingadwale konse, chifukwa imakhala ndi chitetezo chachikulu cha matenda. Kuvala pamwamba ndi fetashi ndi feteleza phosphate sikudzalola kaloti kuti adwale ndi kuonjezera zokolola. Pa bedi lamtundu wathanzi sasiya masamba kuti apange mbewu.
Zotsalira za zomera za matenda (nsonga ndi rhizomes) ziyenera kutenthedwa, chifukwa fungal tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imakhalabe mwa iwo ngakhale panthawi yowonongeka. Ndizosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zogonana zoterezo kwa kompositi.
Mitengo yambewu imatengedwa kokha ndi zomera zathanzi. Pofuna kupewa kuphulika kwa matendawa mu mvula ndi mvula yozizira amathera nthawi zambiri kumasula mzere. Choncho dothi lauma.
Kusintha kwa mizu
Zifukwa za mapangidwe woipa karoti mizu: 
- Kaloti yoipa yokhala ndi mazira odzaza kapena osakondera a mizu ingamere pa nthaka yomwe sizinayambe manyowa yomwe inayambika asanayime. Kuwonjezera kwa nayitrogeni kumapangitsa kupatulidwa kwa kaloti mu mizu itatu kapena isanu yosiyana ndi yamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Karoti yosweka si yoyenera yosungirako ndipo ikuyamba kuvunda mofulumira kwambiri.
- Chofesedwa mbewu zaroti. Pambuyo pa mphukira yoyamba ndikutsata weeding, pamene 3-4 masamba onse amaonekera pa chomera, kupatulira kwa mphukira n'kofunika. Ngati izi sizinachitike, karotiyo sikhala ndi malo okukula ndipo, pofunafuna iyo, karoti imakula mumphindi. Nthawi zina zomera zowonjezereka zimakhala zolimba kwambiri. Karoti imeneyi ndi yophiphiritsira pakudya, koma pakuchita izo imatayidwa kutali kapena kupita ku zinyama. Kaloti zotere sizingapangidwe ndi chakudya. Ndondomeko yoyenera yofesa kaloti: Kufesa mozama masentimita awiri ndi kupatulira pambuyo pake ndi mtunda wa masentimita 3 mpaka 4 pakati pa zomera.
- Ngati kulima (kukumba) kwa bedi sikunali kokwanira, ndiye kuti karoti ikumera ku dothi lolimba, limapindika. Dothi losafunika ndi lofunika kwambiri pa mbewu zazu.
- Kaloti samakonda kufesa m'madera otsika ndi chinyezi chakuda. Zikatero, spores za bowa zimakula mofulumira ndipo zimayambitsa mizu mbewu, kupitilira patsogolo ndikukula patsogolo. Ngati munda wanu uli kumtunda, weeding mlungu uliwonse pakati pa mizere ikulimbikitsidwa. Izi zidzathandiza kuwuma nthaka.
- Kugonjetsedwa kwa nematodes pa kaloti kungakusiye popanda mbewu. Nematodes ndi mphutsi tizirombo. Amakhala m'nthaka ndikuwononga mbewu zonse, akudyetsa zamkati. Nyongolotsi yaikulu mpaka 1 mm. Koma ndalama zawo zazikulu zimapangitsa dothi loipitsidwa kuti lisagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Mukudziwa? Njira yabwino yolimbana ndi nematode ndiyo kudzala bedi la marigolds. Maluwa a Marigold amadziwikanso ndi dzina lachidziko - lakuda. Pamwambo wobzalidwa ndi marigolds ndi nematode amafa. Ndipo chaka chamawa icho chikhoza kufesedwa kachiwiri ndi zamasamba zathanzi.
Mame a Mealy
Matenda a powdery mildew ndi mliri weniweni wa minda yathu. Matendawa angakwiyidwe ndi mitundu iwiri ya bowa: Erysiphe umbelliferarum f.dauci ndi Leveillula umbelliferarum 1. dauci. Mame awonongeka nkhaka, zukini, maungu, kaloti ndi zitsamba zakuda ndi zoyera.
Zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda osadziwika: mawanga a chikasu pa nsonga za kaloti ndi masamba a zitsamba ndi dzungu. Pamunsi mwa masamba, otetezedwa ku dzuwa, pang'ono fluffy mycelium whitens. Mawanga amakula pa masiku 3 - 7, kukula kwa bowa kumayambitsa imfa ya masamba omwe akudwala matendawa.
Muzu wa mbewu, tsamba lopweteka silimayambitsa imfa ya rhizome, koma limakula mosasinthika komanso moipa. Mame a mealy amakhudzanso zomera za karoti. Iwo ali ndi maluwa ofiira a mycelium, zimayambira zimafota popanda kupanga mbewu mu mayesero.
Kukula kwa matendawa powdery mildew kumayambanso ndi chinyezi. Zimatha kuyambitsa kuthirira mobwerezabwereza pa pepala. Chithandizo chokhalitsa nthawi imodzi ndi fungicides ndi zofunika ngakhale chisanafike kutalika kwa matendawa. Choyamba chithandizochi chikuchitika patatha masabata awiri pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira.
Zomera zimatulutsa mpweya ndi phulusa kapena wosweka sulfa mu fumbi. Sungani kubzala Bordeaux osakaniza ndi zosiyanasiyana fungicides. Kaŵirikawiri kubwereza mankhwala pakapita masabata. Ngati bowa pa kaloti yafalikira, chaka chotsatira, zomera zosakanikirana ndi powdery mildew sizibzalidwe pabedi ili.
Ndikofunikira! Zonse zatsalira zazitsamba zotentha zimatenthedwa ndipo palibe mbewu yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mayesero a kachilombo.
Cercosporosis
Causative wothandizira wa matenda ndi tizilombo bowa Cercospora carotae. Matendawa amawonetsedwa m'mapiri otsetsereka kapena akufalikira mvula yamvula. Kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa July, nsonga za zomera zimakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri laing'onoting'ono, pakati pa malo okhudzidwa ndi pakati.
Masamba a karoti wodwala ayamba kudulidwa. Pang'onopang'ono kuvutika maganizo ndi chitukuko cha fungal spores, chomera chimatayika masamba ake, mizu imaleka kukula. Fungal spores yozizira bwino pa chomera chomera ndi mbewu.
Analimbikitsa kutentha kwathunthu kwa zomera zomwe zili ndi kachilombo. Polimbana ndi matendawa, kulima kwakukulu kwa nthaka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa msoko kumathandiza, kusankha mitundu yosavuta ku cercosphorosis. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nkhumba za Kvadris za kaloti zamasamba kapena Immunocytophyte, Trichodermin, Glyocladin kukonzekera, kutayika kwa mbewu ndi aeration ya madera a m'munda kudzathandiza kupeŵa matenda.
Kupewa karoti matenda
Kuchokera pamwambapa, malamulo amatsatira, kutsatira zomwe mungapewe matenda pa karoti.
- Kukonzekera koyambirira ndi kusungunula mankhwala osungirako mankhwala m'zipinda zapansi kuti zisungidwe m'nyengo yozizira. Tikukonzekera zipinda zapansi m'mwezi wa August, kuyanika ndi fumigating ndi sulfure pamlingo wa 50 g / m3 m'chipinda, makomawo amayeretsedwa ndi kufulumizitsa, zomwe zingathandizenso kusunga sitolo.
- Kukumba kaloti m'nyengo youma. Sakhala osungira dzuwa, kupeŵa kununkhira.
- Saloledwa kufalitsa mbewu zazu. Pambuyo kukolola kaloti kudula masamba, kusiya mchimita mchira.
- Mitengo yowonongeka yokololedwa kuchokera kumunda ndi mapulusa odwala amatenthedwa,
- Mukasungira karotiyi imayikidwa mabokosi onyamula, kukonkha mchenga wouma kapena kupalasa mungu ndi choko. Njira yodalirika yosungiramo kaloti: Pangani dothi phulusa, kufalitsa dongo ndi madzi kuti pakhale mtanda wochuluka. Kaloti amalowetsedwa mu misalayi ndi kuuma. Pambuyo pa kuyanika kwathunthu, karotiyo imayikidwa m'mabokosi a matabwa ndipo amanyamulidwa kusungirako pansi.
- Njira yabwino kwambiri yosunga kaloti m'matumba apulasitiki. Сухую целую морковку складывают в пакеты и плотно их закрывают. Без доступа воздуха морковка практически не портится.
- Несколько раз за зиму нужно просматривать закладку моркови. Гнилые корнеплоды удаляются.
Mlingo wa kusungidwa kwa zokolola za kaloti kumadalira momwe mlimi amalimirira mosamala mogwirizana ndi malingaliro onse ndi malamulo omwe akulima ndi kusungirako. Potsatira malamulo osavutawa, mukhoza kusunga zokolola za kaloti popanda kutayika.
