Amaryllis ndi chomera chamaluwa kuchokera kubanja la Amaryllis, kalasi monocotyledonous. Mitundu iyi ndiyocheperako. Idadziwika koyamba mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1800, kuwonetsa mtundu umodzi wokha. Dziko lakwawo ndi South Africa, komanso maluwa wamba ku Australia. Kukongola kwa masamba abwino, maluwa akuluakulu komanso kununkhira kwamtengo wapatali kumapangitsa amaryllis kukhala owakonda a alimi a maluwa m'mayiko ena. Nthawi yotentha, imamera ngati chomera. Nthawi zina dzinja limasinthidwa kukhala kama wamaluwa, koma sililekerera nyengo yozizira.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Amaryllis ndi chomera chamuyaya komanso champhamvu chozungulira. Mizu yake imayimiriridwa ndi babu lalikulu, pafupifupi lozungulira, lokwera pang'ono pang'ono. Kutalika kwa babu kumafika masentimita 4-5. Kunja kuli mafilimu owuma amtundu. Choyera chazungu, chautoto chimamera kuchokera pansi.
Masamba otambalala amtunduwu amapangika awiriawiri mu ndege imodzi. Awootalika ndi masentimita 2-3 ndi kutalika pafupifupi 60. Mtundu wa masamba ake ndi wobiriwira.
Amaryllis limamasula mu theka lachiwiri la masika. Choyamba, pakadzuka, duwa lalitali, lanyama, lotalika masentimita 60, limatuluka, kenako maambulera inflorescence imaphuka pamwamba pake. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mitundu ya 4-6 mwa iwo, koma chiwerengero chawo chimatha kufikira 12. Corollas yayikulu ngati belu lokhala ndi ma cell asanu ndi amodzi imafikira masentimita 10-12. Choyera, kirimu, pinki (pafupifupi kufika pofiyira) pamtundu wawo. Pakatikati pake pali stamens zazitali ndi ma anthers akuluakulu ndi ovary.
Pambuyo pakuchavulira, mabokosi ambewu ali ndi nkhope zitatu zipse. Achenes okhwima amatsegukira pawokha. Mkati mwake muli njere zazing'ono, pomwe nthawi zambiri pamakhala mapiko opindika.
Yang'anani! Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti amaryllis ndi poyizoni. Ndikokwanira kudya gawo laling'ono la chomera kuti kusanza, chizungulire komanso ngakhale kulephera kwa impso kuwonekere. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusamba m'manja mukatha kugwira ntchito ndi mbewuyo osalola ana ndi nyama momwe.
Amaryllis kapena m'chiuno
Sikuti aliyense amatha kusiyanitsa amaryllis ndi hippeastrum, chifukwa ndi ofanana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, olima maluwa amawayesa masinthidwe kapena mitundu. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, popeza mbewu zonse ziwiri ndi zamtundu umodzi Amaryllis. Koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu:
- Amaryllis ali ndi babu, lalitali lonyamula utoto wokutidwa ndi makanema amimvi, pomwe m'chiwopsezo cha babu ndi chozungulira, choyera.
- duwa la maluwa la amaryllis ndi lalifupi komanso loofinya, kulibe pakati pakatikati pake, ndipo masamba ambiri amakongoletsa pamwamba;
- mosiyana ndi hippeastrum, maluwa amaryllis sangakhale owala kwambiri (ofiira, lalanje, pinki, achikaso), mawonekedwe awo amtunduwo ali pamtunda kuchokera pa beige kupita ku pinki yowala;
- Maluwa a Amaryllis amaphuka atangodzuka, masamba asanaoneke;
- ukufalikira Amaryllis kufalitsa fungo lamphamvu, pomwe wachibale alibe fungo.
Mitundu yokongoletsera
Kwa nthawi yayitali, mtundu wa amaryllis unkawonedwa ngati monotypic, ndiko kuti, udaphatikizanso mtundu umodzi - amaryllis Belladonna. Kumapeto kwa zaka za XX. Mitundu yotsatirayi idapezeka. Masiku ano pali 4 mwa iwo. Komabe, zinali zoyambirira kuchokera pamene obereketsa amabala zipatso zambiri zamitundu mitundu. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa otentha, kapangidwe kawo ndi mitundu yake. Zosangalatsa kwambiri:
- Mkango Wofiyira - maluwa akuluakulu ofiira a 2-4 pachimake;
- Nymph - pamakhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy wokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala, ndipo m'mimba mwake duwa limafika 25 cm;
- Ferrari - amaryllis wofiira mpaka 60 cm kutalika ndi maluwa mpaka 15 cm;
- Parker - maluwa okongola a pinki m'munsi amakhala ndi malo achikaso;
- Vera - maluwa apinki opepuka ndi pachimake;
- Macarena - maluwa ofiira owala ndi mzere woyera pakati pazithunzi zakunja.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Amaryllis ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu kapena mwakukula. Kuti mupeze njere, ndikofunikira kudzipukuta nokha, ndikusintha mungu ndi burashi kuchokera ku duwa lina kupita ku lina. Kucha kumachitika pakatha mwezi umodzi. Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kusamalira kutentha osaposa + 24 ° C. Kutola mbewu kumachitika pamene mabokosi akusweka. Amakhala ndi kumera bwino mpaka miyezi 1.5, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuzengereza. Pakubzala gwiritsani ntchito muli ndi masamba osakanikirana ndi tsamba komanso malovu okhala ndi humus. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Kubzala zinthu pafupi mpaka 5mm. Asanatuluke, chotengera chimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chomwe kutentha + kwa 22 ... + 25 ° C. Mbande zokhala ndi masamba awiri enieni zimabzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono. Kudulira kwa masamba mu zaka zitatu zoyambirira sikuchitika. Maluwa adzayamba zaka 7-8.
Kubzala kwamasamba ndikutchuka kwambiri, chifukwa zilembo zosinthika zimasungidwa ndipo maluwa akuyamba kuyambira zaka 3-4 za moyo. Nthawi zambiri, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Dipatimenti ya ana. Pakudula kuchokera ku babu la amayi, mababu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mizu yophukira amalekanitsidwa. Kubzala kumachitika miphika ndi dothi la akulu okulirapo. M'chaka, kudulira masamba sikumachitika kuti mwana azikola michere.
- Chigawo cha babu. Babu yayikulu imakumbidwa isanayambike nthawi yotsika, masamba omwe ali ndi gawo kumtunda amawadula ndipo mawonekedwe ofukula amapangidwa, ndikupanga magawo a 4-8. Aliyense ayenera kusunga gawo la pansi ndi miyeso yakunja. Malo omwe mabala amathandizidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Choyamba, mababu owuma amabzalidwa mumchenga wonyowa. Imasungunulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, koma mosamala kwambiri. Delenki muzu pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ndiye kuti mutha kuzindikira kuti mphukira yoyamba. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba awiri zakonzeka kuti zitheka kuzaza dothi lathunthu.
Malamulo akumalo
Kuti amaryllis akhazikike mwachangu ndi kuphuka pafupipafupi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kwambiri kubzala ndi kusankha kwa maluwa. Kukula kwake kuyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa babu. Malo omasuka kuchokera kumbali mpaka chomera akhalebe pafupifupi 3 cm. thanki yopanda zambiri imathandizira kuti pakhale ana ambiri. Ndikofunika kunyamula ndikuika mu Julayi.
Denga losanjikiza limakhudzidwa pansi pamphika. Babu imayikidwa mpaka kutalika. Nthawi yamapangidwe, masamba samadulidwa kuti nthawi yosinthira mbewu imalandire michere. Mizu imatenga miyezi 1.5.
Kusakaniza kwa dothi kumapangidwa ndi dambo komanso masamba a masamba (magawo awiri aliwonse), komanso humus ndi mchenga (gawo limodzi). Nthaka yatsopano iyenera kukhala yothilitsidwa.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Amaryllis amatanthauza mbewu zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti zimagwira ntchito komanso nthawi yokhala pansi. Zomwe mndende zimadalira magawo awa. Kudzuka kwa duwa kumachitika mchaka, ndipo kumapeto (pafupifupi miyezi itatu), amaryllis amawononga hibernation pamene gawo lonse lapansi limwalira.
Kuwala Wokhala ku Africa amafunika kuwala kowala, kuwala kozungulira pamasamba ndi maluwa sikubweretsa mavuto. Ndikofunikira kupereka maola owerengera a maola 14-16. Ngati gwero lawuni lili kumbali imodzi, ndiye kuti muvi wamaluwa ndi masamba angasokere, ndiye kuti mphikawo umazunguliridwa nthawi zonse. Babu safuna kuunikira panthawi yadzala.
Kutentha Panyengo yachilimwe komanso nyengo yachilimwe, ma amaryllises amasungidwa kutentha + 20 ... + 24 ° C, usiku 2-5 ° C kuzirala ndikofunikira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kukhazikika mchipindacho, koma osagwirizana ndi zomwe mukuyenera kuyika amaryllis. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwakukulu ndi + 10 ... + 12 ° C.
Chinyezi. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndi 50-90%. Muyenera kutsatira lamulo kuti kukwera kutentha kwambiri, kumakhala chinyezi chambiri. Mutha kulichulukitsa mothandizidwa ndi mathirakiti amadzi kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Kuthirira. Zomera zokhala ndi mababu ambiri sizilekerera chinyezi m'nthaka. Thirirani madzi ambiri. Ndikofunika kutsanulira madzi oyeretsedwa bwino, okhazikika poto kuti asadziunjike m'makamba a babu. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono, koma osati youma kwambiri. Pa matalala, kuthirira maluwa sikofunikira konse. Mu kasupe, kuthirira kumayambiranso ndi chisamaliro chachikulu.
Feteleza. Mukukula, kawiri pamwezi, umuna umagwirira ntchito panthaka. Ndikofunikira kusintha ma organic ndi mineral complexes. Osagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zomwe zili ndi nitrogen yambiri.
Kudulira. Maluwa a Amaryllis amakhala masiku 25. Nthawi zina, kuti muchepetse bulb, muvi umadulidwa pambuyo potsegulira mphukira yoyamba. Mu bokosi, iye amayimirira mochuluka. Mu nthawi yophukira, masamba amawuma ndikuuma. Mphukira zimadulidwa, ndipo babuwo amasamutsidwa kumalo amdima, ozizira. Simungadule masamba kuti ome kwathunthu, chifukwa kuchokera kwa iwo duwa amalandila zakudya zofunikira kuti zitheke bwino.
Maluwa. Ndi chisamaliro wamba, maluwa a amaryllis amapezeka chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Komabe, masamba amatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi tsiku linalake. Kuchokera mababu amphamvu ndi athanzi, amawombera mwachangu pambuyo pothira. Zimatenga miyezi iwiri kuchokera pakuzungulitsa mpaka mawonekedwe. Ngati kuchuluka kwa ma peduncles kupitirira 2, owonjezera amachotsedwa kuti asawononge mbewuyo. Ngati maluwa samapezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo:
- mphika waukulu kwambiri;
- kubzala babu mozama kwambiri;
- kusowa kwa feteleza;
- kuwala kochepa komanso kutentha pang'ono;
- kusowa kwa nthawi yopuma yokwanira (miyezi itatu).
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Amaryllis imatengeka ndi matenda a fungal. Amawoneka mawanga pamasamba ndi babu ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Monga chithandizo, madera owonongeka amadulidwa ndikuchiritsidwa ndi fungicide, Bordeaux madzi kapena potaziyamuanganidwe a potaziyamu. Potseguka, chomera chimatha kuvutika ndi kangaude ndi nkhupakupa, anthaka, mealybug, tizilombo tambiri, nsabwe za m'masamba. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso ma acaricides amathandiza kuti amupulumutse.
