Apple Orlovsky Sinapa amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi alimi odziwa bwino ntchito, ngakhale kuti iyi ndiyo njira yatsopano yotulutsa apulo.
Mitengo imakwera kukula kwakukulu. Fruiting amabwera msanga.
Zipatso zimatchuka chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwira.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Oryol Sinap ndikumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira. Mtengo wa Apple ndi gulu la mitundu yozizira. Nthawi yosungiramo zipatso imatengedwa kuti ndi yapamwamba. Komabe, kuti muwonjezere nthawiyi, m'pofunika kuwapatsa yosungirako bwino yozizira:
- kutentha kwakukulu ndi zero;
- kusungiramo zitsulo zamatabwa (zida, zida, mabokosi);
- chipinda chamdima;
- chinyezi chache 90-95%;
- kuyeza koyambirira ndi kukula kwa zipatso;
- Zina zosiyanasiyana zimasungidwa m'zinthu zosiyana.
Mitengo yachisanu imakhalanso ndi izi: Altynai, Idared, Antonovka mchere, Golden Delicious ndi Agogo Smith.
Kuwongolera
"Sinap Orlovsky" ndi yokhazikika. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu kwambiri.
Ziribe kanthu nyengo ndi nyengo, nyengo izi zidzabala zipatso zolimba.
Koma kukhalapo pafupi ndi apulo mungu wazinthu zosiyanasiyana kudzawonjezera kukolola kwa Sinapa.
Momwemo, chomera chomera cha mitundu iwiri pamtunda wa mamita asanu kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake.
Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana "Orlovsky synapse"
Mtengo waukulu womwe uli ndi masamba amdima wobiriwira pa korona wokongola ndi zipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Iwo amadziwika ndi mmalo mwake kukula kwakukulu ndi kufalikira kwakukulu, koma osati wandiweyani korona. Palibe masamba ambiri pamtengo, koma ali amphamvu kwambiri ndipo ali pambali ya madigiri 90-110. Fruiting pa nthambi ndi kolchatka.
Kuwombera pansi, kukula kwapakati. Mphungu sizitali zazikulu, zilipo pamtengo pang'onopang'ono. Tsambali ndilo, lalikulu, labwino kwambiri, lamasitala lakuda, lili ndi mawonekedwe a obovoid.
Pakatikati, nthawi zambiri pamakhala pafupifupi. Mtengo umodzi umakula zipatso zofanana. Maonekedwewa ndi ozungulira. Mtundu wa apulo ndi golide wachikasu ndi kuwala kofiira. Tsinde la mtengo wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi lalifupi.
Chikho nthawi zambiri chimatsekedwa. Thupi la apulo ndi yunifolomu, yowutsa mudyo, imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Fungo labwino ndi lofewa. Mapulogalamu ambiri a organoleptic ndi 4.5-4.7.
Mankhwala amapangidwa a Sinap Orlovsky apulo:
- shuga (fructose, sucrose, maltose) - 9.4%;
- titrated acid - 0,50%;
ascorbic acid - 13.8 mg pa 100 g; P-yogwira zinthu 195 mg pa 100 g; zinthu zopanda pake - pafupifupi 9%.
Maonekedwe abwino ndi othandizira amasonyezanso ndi mitundu yotsatirayi: Anis, Medunitsa, Dessert Petrova, Ulemerero kwa opambana, Winter Beauty.
Chithunzi
Mu chithunzi apulo "Sinap Orlovsky":
Mbiri yobereka
Apple zosiyanasiyana Orlovsky Sinap anabadwa mu 1995 ku Institute All Research Russian for Breeding of Fruit Crops ndi All-Union Research Institute of Horticulture. I.I. Michurin.
Zopezedwa ndi kusakanizidwa kwa mitundu iwiri:
Ogwiritsira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi E.N. Sedov, V.K. Zaets, N.G. Krasova, T.A. Trofimova.
Chigawo chokula
Kukula kwa chilengedwe kumakhala madera angapo a Belarus ndi madera otsatira a Russia:
- Kumpoto chakumadzulo;
- Middle Volga;
- Central.
Zomera zimayenda bwino m'madera ena ndi kubzala bwino ndikutsatira malamulo oyambirira a chisamaliro (onani m'munsimu).
M'madera amenewa, mitundu yotsatirayi inadziwonetsanso bwino: shuga wonyezimira, Golden Kytayka, Mantet, Kandil Orlovsky ndi Antonovka wamba.
Pereka
Apple Orlovsky Sinapa amayamba kubala zipatso m'chaka chachinayi mutabzala.
M'nyengo yabwino nyengo imatha mu zaka 10 zapitazi za September. Nthawi ya ogula imayamba mu November ndipo imathera mu Meyi.
Kawirikawiri zipatso za apulo - 170 peresenti pa hekitala. Pafupifupi mapaundi 80 a zipatso amachotsedwa ku mtengo umodzi.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kuchokera pa chisamaliro chimadalira pa zokolola za apulo. Mukamabzala mtengo pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
Mtengo umakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi kuumirira kowawa, choncho ZOFUNIKA Gwiritsani ntchito nthaka ndi calcium yokwanira.
"Orlovsky synapse" - mochedwa m'nyengo yozizira ya apulo.
Kubzala izi ndizofunikira nthawi imodzi:
- masika (mochedwa April);
- mu kugwa (kutha kwa September - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October).
Komabe, pa kalasi iyi adakali otchulidwa m'dzinja.
Malangizo obzala apulo mitundu "Sinap Orlovsky":
- Mitengo yogula ndi mizu yopukutira ndi kuigula m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yomweyo;
- kukwera pa dzuŵa;
- sankhani kamera kakang'ono, kamene kamasintha mofulumira kunthaka pa chiwembu chomwe chimakula;
- Malo odzala ayenera kuthiridwa bwino;
- Kuti mtengo ukhale wolimba ndi kubweretsa zokolola zambiri, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka ya loam;
- chomera mitengo pamtunda wa mamita 3-4 kuchokera pamzake;
- Gwiritsani bwino kukonza dzenje.
TIP: Ngati mulibe loam, mukhoza kukumba dzenje lakuya mita imodzi, ndipo muli ndipakati imodzi, mudzaze ndi mchenga, kompositi ndi peat. Kubzala mwanjira imeneyi kudzakhazikitsa bwino kwambiri mbeu yobzala.
Mbali yapamwamba ya nthaka yofukula imasakanizidwa ndizomwe zili m'munsi ndipo feteleza zotsatirazi zimayambitsidwa:
- 18-20 makilogalamu a manyowa;
- 250 magalamu a phulusa;
- 250 g wa superphosphate;
- 100 magalamu a sulfate ya potaziyamu;
- 150 g ya calcium nitrate.
Dzenje liri ndi chisakanizo cha nthaka ndi fetereza kwa 2/3. Kuchokera kumwamba amathira nthaka yopanda feteleza. Dzenje lathirira madzi ndi kubwezeretsanso nthaka yachonde.
Zaka ziwiri zoyambirira ndikofunika kuti mtengo wa apulo umangirike ku msomali (ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa linden kapena mtengo wa hazel).
Chaka chotsatira mutabzala, m'chaka, ndikofunika kupanga korona wodula wa apulo. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa mapeto a nthambi iliyonse.
Ndi zofunika kwa zaka zoyamba kapena zisanu zoyambirira kuti musapereke zipatso za apulo kuti zikhalepo (ndikofunikira kusankha 80-100% mwa maluwa).
Mu chaka choyamba mu April, nkofunika kuthirira mitengo ndi zitsulo zomwe zimateteza motsutsana ndi tizirombo. Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa kawiri:
- pamene masamba anayamba kuphulika pa nthambi;
- musanafike.
Komanso, mtengo wa apulo susowa feteleza wapadera. Chisamaliro chapadera pa zaka zisanu zoyambirira mutabzala:
- Mitengo yamtete kuteteza makoswe ndi hares (zakuthupi - zikopa, zopota);
- mulching ndi humus pristvolnyh mabwalo;
- malo okwera mamita masentimita makumi awiri.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitengo ya Mitengo "Sinap Orlovsky" imadziwika bwino ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri ndi:
- powdery mildew;
- chisa;
- ziphuphu zowawa.
Mame a nkhumba ndi matenda a fungal. Chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi mawonekedwe a bowa la mycelium ngati mawonekedwe oyera pamitengo ya mitengo.
Kawirikawiri, matendawa amadziwika pambuyo pa mvula yambiri.
Kutenga kumachitika pamtengo kuchokera pansi mpaka, mpaka ukuwukira mtengo. Njira yabwino yothetsera matendawa ndikuteteza, yomwe ili ndi:
- kupukuta kwa sulfure ndi mankhwala amkuwa;
- kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu ndi kukana kwambiri matenda;
- chiwonongeko cha zinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa;
- feteleza wa mtundu wa potashi ndi phosphorous.
Nkhanambo imakhudza kwambiri masamba a mtengo, kenako imasunthira ku chipatso. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a bowawa nthawi zambiri kumakhala mpweya mkati mwa mtengo wa mtengo kapena kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za nkhanambo ndi maonekedwe a masamba obiriwira pamasamba, komanso ambirimbiri a bulauni, kupanga mawanga, mawanga pa chipatso. Pofuna kupewa nthendayi, ndikofunikira kupatulira mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku mbewu zina m'munda, kuyang'anitsitsa chomeracho ndikusungunula nthawi zonse ndi kuthira nthaka.
Kawirikawiri pitting penti imayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kashiamu m'nthaka, mlingo wochuluka wa feteleza nayitrogeni, chinyezi chokwanira, nthawi yokolola mochedwa, komanso malo osungirako osungirako. Matendawa amadziwonetsa ngati malo oda nkhawa kwambiri ndipo amakhudza mwanayo m'njira ziwiri:
- pa mtengo;
- nthawi yosungirako.
Njira zopewera ziphuphu zowawa:
- Calcium klorini kupopera mbewu pa nyengo yokula;
- zokolola nthawi yake;
- Kusunga bwino maapulo (onani pamwambapa).
Koma tizilombo tomwe timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timapiko timene timapanga timapiko timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timayambira. Momwe mungatetezere munda wanu kwa iwo, werengani nkhani yapadera pa tsamba lathu.
Maapulo osiyanasiyana a Orlovsky Sinap ali ndi zokolola zabwino ndipo amabweretsa zipatso zokongola zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri. Ndikonzekera mwakachetechete, sapling idzamera pa nthaka iliyonse.
Mtengo sufuna chisamaliro chapadera. Kupakatirana kwa matenda. Ngati kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo, chithandizo sichita khama kwambiri.
