Asparagus ndi mbewu yamuyaya yomwe ili ndi masamba ofunda, osalala. Kuchokera kutali, timapepala titha kutengedwa ngati singano, koma sikuti timayenderana ndi minga. Ngakhale limatha kuphuka, limayesedwa chimodzimodzi ndi masamba otseguka. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la Asparagus. Mitundu ina ndiyothekera kudya, monga katsabola wovomerezeka, koma mitundu yokongoletsera ndiyodziwika kwambiri pachikhalidwe. Zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kwawo kwa mitundu inayake ya katsitsumzukwa ndi Western Europe, USA, India, Japan, Egypt. M'dziko lathu, mbewuyi imakonda chikhalidwe chakunyumba. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, katsitsumzukwa amapanga nkhokwe zobiriwira zobiriwira.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Asparagus ndi wobiriwira nthawi zonse ngati mtundu wa shrub kapena wowoka. Mbidzi yomwe imakulirakulira imalowera munthaka. Choyamba, mphukira yamphamvu yamadzi mobisa imapangidwa kuchokera ku impso, ndipo pokhapokha gulu ladziko lapansi limakula kuchokera pamenepo. Chomera chimakhala ndi udzu wofewa. Zobiriwira zosinthika zimafalikira mpaka 1.5 m kutenga gawo limodzi mu photosynthesis. Amakutidwa ndi timapepala tating'onoting'ono. Zomwe anthu wamba amalakwitsa ngati masamba opendekera kwenikweni ndi masamba ofupika ngati singano (chuma). Amamera m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pansi pa chumacho, munthu amatha kuwona masamba okhazikika omwe ali ndi masamba olimba.
Maluwa omwe ali pamaluwa achichepere amatulutsa okha kapena ang'onoang'ono a corymbose inflorescence. Panja, maluwa ndi osowa kwambiri. Maluwa amakula m'mphepete mwa masamba. Nimbus woyerekeza kugonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Ili ndi timiyala tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timamera timiyala tiwiri komanso mitundu yofanana yaimodzimodzi. Vuto lachiberekero lamatumbo atatu mkati mwa duwa lili ndi lingaliro lalifupi ndi manyazi. Maluwa akamazirala, zipatso zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zimacha. Mnofu wamafuta umabisika pansi pa khungu lofiyira.
Zipatso za Asparagus ndizosatheka! Monga mphukira, zimakhala ndi poyizoni, kotero ana ndi nyama ali bwino kuti asayandikire chomera.
Zosiyanasiyana za Asparagus
Mitundu ya katsitsumzukwa imasiyana kwambiri komanso yambiri. Mulinso mitundu yoposa 200 yazomera.
Cirrus katsitsumzukwa (plumezus). Wokhala m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za ku Africa zotentha komanso zam'malo otentha. Zomera zolimba zopanda kanthu zophimbidwa ndi masamba osakanizira amtali mpaka 5 mm. Mphukira zonga Thread (phyllocladius) 5-15 mm kutalika mumtundu wa zidutswa 3-12. Chifukwa cha njira zakutsogolo zomwe zili mundege yakumaso, mphukira yosiyana imafanana ndi tsamba lodulidwa kambiri. Maluwa oyera oyera amatulutsa amodzi payekhapayekha. Pambuyo kupukutira, zipatso zakuda buluu ndi mbewu 1-3 zipse.
Asparagus Meyer. Chitsamba chimamera mphukira umodzi mpaka kutalika kwa 50 cm. Chimapindika kwambiri ndipo chimakutidwa kutalika konse ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira obiriwira, ofanana ndi singano. Mphukira zimakula mbali zonse. Kunja, mphukira iliyonse imafanana ndi burashi wopepuka.
Asparagus Sprenger (wozungulira maluwa). Kachitsamba kamene kamakhazikika kumapiri otsetsereka a South Africa. Bare nthambi zamitengo zimamira pansi ndikukula mpaka 1.5m kutalika. Gwiritsani masamba ofunda mpaka 4 mm kutalika kwa mitanda ya 2-4 yolunjika kapena yopindika yotalika mpaka 3 cm. Maluwa ofiira kapena oyera oyera okhala ndi fungo labwino amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence yotulutsa corymbose. Pambuyo kupukutira, zipatso zofiira kuzungulira zimacha.
Asparagus crescent (falcate). Mitundu yofanana ndi ya Lian imamera mosinthika mpaka kufika pa 15 m kutalika mpaka 1 cm.Pansi pa malo osungika mkati, kutalika kwa liana sikupita mamita 4. Njira zazikulu mawonekedwe a chikwakwa, kutalika kwa 8 cm, zimapezeka pamphukira patali kwambiri kuchokera kwina. mitundu ofananira nawo. Amamasuka ndimankhwala onunkhira okhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amchere.
Asparagus officinalis (wamba). Nyengo yotentha imachokera ku North Africa. Mphukira zake za udzu zimakula masentimita 30-150. Malo osalala omwe adatsalawo amakutidwa ndi masamba azithunzi. Pamunsi pawo, masamba ofunda omwe amakhala ndi spurs amakula.
Katsitsumzukwa ndi piramidi. Akuwombera pachitsamba ndipo kutalika kwa 50-150 masentimita kumakula. Amakutidwa pang'ono ndi ma phyllocladies amdima amdima, omwe amapezeka mu ndege imodzi. Ngakhale masamba ali ofewa kukhudza, kuchokera patali amatha kukhala olakwika chifukwa cha juniper.
Njira zolerera
Kunyumba, katsitsumzukwa amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, kudula komanso kugawa kwa mpweya. Mbewu zimatengedwa ndikucha zipatso ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimafesedwa mumiphika ndi dothi lotayirira, lachonde. Amakonkhedwa ndi wosanjikiza nthaka, kuthiriridwa ndikuyika malo otentha. Pofuna kuti chinyezi chisachoke mwachangu, kuphimbani ndi filimuyo. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, mbande zimatuluka. Kanemayo amachotsedwa, koma dothi limapopera nthawi zonse. Zomwe zimayambira kukula masentimita 7-10, mbande zimadumphira m'madzi. Poyamba, mbewu zimamera pang'onopang'ono, koma pang'onopang'ono zimakula ndikukhala mtambo wobiriwira wobiriwira.
Zidula 8-10 masentimita kutalika kudula mu April. Amakhala ndi mchenga wonyowa pansi pa chivundikiro. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndizomera zowala ndi yozungulira komanso kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 23 ° C. Mbande zatsiku ndi tsiku zimathandizidwa ndikuwazidwa. Tsinde lidzazika mizu moyenera ndikusinthidwa m'miyezi 1-1,5, ndiye pogona ndikuchotsedwa ndipo katsitsumzowo ndikuuika mu dothi.
Chapakatikati, pakumasulira, chitsamba chachikulu chitha kugawidwa. Njira zotsogola ndi mizu yawo nthawi zambiri zimadulidwa. Amabzala m'miphika yaying'ono.
Kubzala ndikusamalira mbewu
Mizu ndi zimayambira za katsitsumzukwa zimakula mwachangu, kotero zimasulira duwa pachaka. Nthawi yabwino yolowera ndiye kuyambika kwa masika. Chingwe chimachotsedwa mumphika, nthaka yakale imachotsedwa ndipo mbali zina zamkati mobisa zimadulidwa. Nthambi zakale zimachotsedwanso. Posachedwa mphukira zazing'ono ziwonekera. Muphika uyenera kukhala waukulu mokwanira, chifukwa nthawi zina zofinya zolimba zimaphulika chifukwa cha ma rhizomes. Dothi lodzala limasankhidwa mofooka acidic, lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi. Itha kupangidwa ndi zigawo izi:
- pepala la pepala;
- turf nthaka;
- mchenga.
Kuwala Mwachilengedwe, katsitsumzukwa kamamera mumithunzi ya mitengo yotentha, motero imatha kuuma pansi pa dzuwa. Kuwala kuyenera kukhala kowala, koma kosiyana. Mu chipinda chamdima, ma cladodias amakhala achikasu ndikufota. Mphika umayikidwa kwambiri mu chipinda chakumwera kapena pazenera la kum'mawa (kumadzulo). Padzakhala kuwala pang'ono m'chipinda chakumpoto ndipo muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuwunikira kumbuyo.
Kutentha Mwakuwala bwino, kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino ndi + 20 ... + 24 ° C. M'nyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kupita ndi duwa kunja kwa malo abwino ndi otetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu. Ngati izi sizingatheke, chipindacho nthawi zambiri chimathandizidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, masana pang'ono, kuzizira kufika + 10 ° C sikungalole mphukira kutalika kwambiri.
Chinyezi. Asparagus amatha kukula ndi chinyezi wamba, koma adzakhala othokoza chifukwa chopopera mbewuyo ndikusamba nthawi zonse. Kusamba kotentha kumachotsa fumbi komanso kupewa majeremusi.
Kuthirira. Ndikofunikira kuthirira katsitsumzukwa nthawi zambiri komanso kambiri. Madzi amatetezedwa bwino kuti athetse chlorine. Nthaka siyeneraume pansi, koma madzi osunthika saloledwa. Pakusowa kwamadzi munthaka, masamba a katsitsumzukwa amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa. Kutentha kukatsika, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kuti bowa asamere.
Feteleza. Asparagus amadyetsedwa kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Gwiritsani ntchito yankho la feteleza wopatsa mchere pazomera zokongoletsera komanso zowola. Amathira dothi m'malo kuthirira kawiri pamwezi.
Mapangidwe a Korona. Malingaliro a kudulira mitundu yambiri ya katsitsumzukwa ndi achindunji. Poyamba impso imayamba, pomwe mphukira imakula. Ngati tsinde limadulidwa kutalika kofunikira, njira zoyambitsirana ndi phyllocladia sizinapangidwe ndikukula kwina kumayima. Chomera chiyamba kupanga mphukira yatsopano. Ndi katsabola wovutitsa kokha yemwe angadulidwe. Mitundu yotsalayo imathandizidwa ndikubwera ndi momwe imapotozera mphukira mokongoletsa, osatengera nthawi yayitali bwanji. Gwiritsani ntchito makwerero, kuzungulira kwa zokongoletsera, zowongolera kuchokera pamzere wa usodzi kapena lolani kuti zimayambira kuti zizingamira papoto. Pa chitsamba chakale, njira zowuma ndi kuyanika zimadulidwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Pangokhala kusefukira kwanthaka kwanthawi yayitali komanso kutentha pang'ono, katsitsumzukwa kumakhudza kuzola kwamizu. Matenda ena siowopsa pachomera. Matenda akuluakulu ndi nthata ya kangaude. Nthawi zambiri imawomba pamene mpweya ndiwotentha kwambiri komanso youma. Nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kutsuka mphukira pansi pa shafa lotentha (mpaka 45 ° C). Muzochitika zapamwamba, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kugwiritsa ntchito katsitsumzukwa
Wokongola wa greeny katsitsumzukwa amatchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa. Miphika yokhala ndi zomera imatha kupezeka m'malo a zipinda zogona, maofesi ndi mabungwe aboma. Komanso timitengo ting'onoting'ono ngati Khrisimasi timadulidwa kuti tizikongoletsa maluwa.
Sparagus wamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Ichi ndi katsitsumzukwa wodziwika bwino. Amakula m'mundamo ngati mbewu. Zimayambira mobisa zimakololedwa (kutalika kwa 18-20 cm) ndi masamba osasweka. Ma Shoti ali ndi mavitamini ambiri komanso othandizira. Amakhala zamzitini ndi kuwiritsa. Kulawa, mbaleyo tingafanizire ndi nandolo zobiriwira.
Mizu ya katsitsumzukwa imakhala ndi ascorbic acid, saponins, alkaloid asparagine, coumarins, amino acid, ndi mchere wamchere. Kuchokera kwa iwo amapanga decoctions ndi infusions zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi zovuta zotsatirazi:
- jaundice
- kusabereka
- gout
- matenda a shuga;
- tachycardia;
- khunyu
- rheumatism
Mankhwalawa amakhala ndi mkaka, diaphoretic, analgesic, antibacterial, immunomodulatory zotsatira. Anthu osiyanasiyana akhala akuwagwiritsa ntchito kwazaka zoposa 2000.
