Mtundu wotsikawu (mpaka 40 cm) wa begonia umachokera ku madera otentha a ku Brazil, kumene kulibe kuzizira ndi chipale chofewa, kotero maluwa ake ali ndi mwayi wopambana kumeneko chaka chonse.
Zochititsa chidwi, nthawi yaitali, thermophilic ndi wodzichepetsa mbadwa ya ku Brazil yakhala ikukondwera kwambiri ndi obereketsa.
Panopa, mitundu yonse ya begonia imakhala ikuyenda maluwa nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo yomwe imakhala yotentha ndi nyengo yozizira ya lamba la pakati.
Mitundu yotereyi kumalimidwa monga chaka, kuzikulitsa m'nyumba, ndiyeno kuzibzala pamalo otseguka kumapeto kwa nyengo, pamene chiopsezo cha chisanu chadutsa.
Pamene zomera zowonjezera kuzizira zimachotsedwa.
Mitengo yamphamvu yomwe imasungidwa bwino, yomwe idzakhala ngati gwero la cuttings chifukwa cha mphukira za nyengo yotsatira yachilimwe, imatumizidwa kuti ikhale yozizira.
- Mitundu yotsatira ya begonias yowonjezera ndiyo yabwino kwambiri kulima:
- Alba - wamtali, mpaka masentimita 40, kufalikira, ndi masamba a masamba obiriwira ndi maluwa oyera, amagawidwa m'magulu a zidutswa 12.
- Kate Teicher - imakula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 40, masamba obiriwira amamangidwa ndi zofiira. Inflorescences ndi ofiira, khumi ndi atatu maluwa.
- Carmen - zosiyana-siyana (25 cm) zosiyanasiyana ndi mdima wandiweyani, masamba ofiira-bulauni ndi maluwa okombero, ophatikizidwa asanu ndi limodzi.
- Othello - sentimita 25 zimayambira ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira, akufalikira mochuluka.
- Albert martin - zosiyanasiyana zozungulira (masentimita 15), masamba obiriwira okhala ndi malire ofiira. Maluwa okongola a buluu amadziphatikiza kukhala inflorescences asanu ndi anayi. Pa chomera chimodzi, maluwa okwana 55 kamodzi amawonekera.
- Bella - otsika (masentimita 19), okongoletsedwa ndi masamba obiriwira, okongoletsedwa ndi zofiira ndi zofiira zamdima zisanu ndi zinayi. Maluwa 140 akhoza kuphulika pa nthawi yomweyo.
- Bicola - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masentimita 13 ndi masamba obiriwira ndi maluwa oyera omwe ali ndi malire a pinki, omwe amaguluka m'magulu anayi.
Komabe, mitundu yambiri ya "mitundu yonse" imakula mu chikhalidwe cha chipinda.
Kusamalira kwanu
Kuunikira
Kuwala kowala kumafunika. Kuunikira kopambana kungakhale mawindo akuyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumwera chakumadzulo. Pazenera za kumpoto, komanso nthawi ya maola masana, kwa "maluwa osatha", ndikofunikira kuunika - kuti nthawi yowala ikhale maola 16 patsiku. Kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakum'maŵa, nkofunika kuyika shading - makamaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Kutentha
Njira yabwino yotentha chaka chonse - kuchokera 20 mpaka 25 madigiri.
Kodi tingatani kuti tizisunga begonia nthawi zonse m'nyengo yozizira?
Ngati nthawi yachisanu ya begonia imaperflorens ili ndi tsiku lalifupi lowala, muyenera kulitumiza ilo khalani maso - muli ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 12 mpaka 15, koma osachepera kuposa: kutentha + 12ºє n'kofunika kwambiri kwa zomera zakutentha zakale.
Ground
Palibe chofunikira pa nthaka gawo lapansi: liyenera kukhala asidi pang'ono, osasunthika, wathanzi, ndi mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi.
Angagwiritse ntchito nthaka yokonzekera begonias, kapena munda wa dothi wokhala ndi mlingo wabwino wa perlite kapena vermiculite, komanso kukonzekera chisakanizo chofanana ndi masamba, nthaka ndi mchenga.
Tikufika
Chotsitsa pofika mwina m'malo mozama kuposa kuya (mizu ya zomera imakhala pamwamba pa nthaka), ndi kuvomerezedwa dzenje lakuda. Popeza kusamba kwa madzi ndi kosasangalatsa, ndi bwino kusankha zakuthupi keramiki popanda kupaka kosalekeza.
Pansi pa chidebecho muyenera kukhala nacho makina osanjikiza za miyala yaing'ono kapena dothi lopangidwa ndi dothi, kenaka phiri laling'ono limatsanuliridwa pa nthaka, pamwamba pake pang'onopang'ono ndi mizu yoyikidwayo ndipo nthaka ikusakaniza yadzaza kufunika kwake, pang'onopang'ono kuigwirizanitsa.
Mu chotengera chimodzi mungathe kubzala zomera zingapo pafupi kwambiri kwa wina ndi mnzake - ndi malo osachepera chakudya cha 10x10 masentimita kwa aliyense.
Kuwaza
Kusindikizidwa pamene mukukula: Zitsanzo zazing'ono nthawi zambiri, okhwima msinkhu, m'malo moika mmalo mwasakanikirana ndi nthaka. Pankhaniyi, monga lamulo, zomera zakale zimasiya kukongoletsa ndipo zimalowetsedwa ndi achinyamata omwe amakula kuchokera ku cuttings.
Kuthirira
Madzi moyenera, makamaka m'mawa kapena madzulo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, cholinga chachikulu ndikuteteza dothi ndi mizu kuti zisawume kapena nthaka ya chinyezi.
Pakati pa kuthirira zofewa, osati madzi ozizira nthaka iyenera kuuma pang'ono.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Ndikofunikira kusunga mpweya mkulu chinyezizofanana ndi zachilengedwe zakutchire, koma kutsogolera mwachindunji chitsamba si chabwino ngakhale masamba kapena maluwa: kuwoneka pa iwo mdima wakuda.
Kuyenera kuthira madzi kuzungulira begonias, kapena malo pafupi ndi zitsulo zazikulu ndi madzi, ikani mphika pa thireyi ndi miyala yowonongeka.
Kupaka pamwamba
Dyetsani chomera kamodzi pa mwezi ofooka njira ya mchere feteleza ndi pang'ono yafupika nayitrogeni chigawo. Potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, zofunika kwa maluwa, ziyenera kupezeka mwathunthu.
Ngati wintering begonias nthawi zonse maluwa ofunda ndi owalakudya musayime.
Kukula ndi kudulira
Mitundu iyi siimakula pamwamba pa 40cm, koma kudula - makamaka pambuyo pa wintering - kuchitidwa: Kutentha kwakukulu kumafupikitsidwa, ofooka amachotsedwa.
Ndi kasupe kasupe, cuttings ukhozanso kukonzekera kufalitsa vegetative.
Maluwa
Momwemo, "semperflorens" imatha kuphulika nthaŵi zonse, kuwululira zatsopano ndi zatsopano, zamtundu ndi zosavuta ndi mphamvu zake zonse zam'mlengalenga, zozizwitsa za mitundu yosiyana siyana, kuphatikiza ndi kusintha: kuchokera ku kirimu choyera ndi chofewa kuti chikhale chofiira kwambiri.
Chitsimikizo chachikulu cha chozizwitsa ichi chimapereka kuwala kosalekeza, kutentha pang'ono ndi chinyezi - zonse m'nthaka ndi mlengalenga.
Kuswana
Begonia nthawi zonse maluwa imafalitsidwa vegetatively - cuttings komanso mbewu.
Kuti kusunga fluffiness ndi mitundu ya terry maluwamuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zofalitsa zokha.
Kubalanso tsinde la cuttings
Gwiritsani ntchito nyengo yam'masika ndi chilimwe pafupifupi masentimita 10 m'litali, pomwe pali awiri awiri awiri a masamba. Zigawo zouma, masamba ochepa amachotsedwa.
Mukhoza kugwiritsira ntchito zowonongeka kwa madzi m'madzi, sungani magawo apansi ndi mizu yopanga mphukira, kapena mwamsanga muwabzala mumtunda wamba ndi kuwonjezerapo mchenga.
Kuphimba chivundikiro ndi pulasitiki, kutentha (+22-25ºС), mpweya ndi kuchepetsa.
Pambuyo popanga mizu ndi kupanga mphukira zatsopano (pafupifupi mkati mwa mwezi), timadontho timene timakhala m'magawo osiyana ndi omwe nthawi zambiri nthaka imasakaniza.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbande pamalo otseguka, mumtundu umodzi wa chaka chimodzi.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira Mbeu zing'onozing'ono zimayikidwa pamwamba pa nthaka kusakaniza, sprayed ndi madzi, yokutidwa ndi pulasitiki filimu, aerated, anapitiriza 22-25ºС ndi kuunikira bwino.
Kuwombera kumawoneka pambuyo pa masabata 2-3.
Pambuyo mapangidwe masamba awiri kapena atatu oona Mbande imatuluka mosamala kuchepetsa kutentha kwa 17-18ºС ndi malire kuthirira.
Pamene akukula, iwo amakhala pansi. Maluwa akhoza kuyamba msinkhu wa zaka 12-20.
Zizindikiro za vuto
Masamba amatembenuka mphukira zotumbululuka - Zotsatira za kuwala kochepa, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Ndikofunika kupereka njira yabwino yopangira kuwala, kukonzekera kuyatsa mu nthawi ya maola masana.
Mphamvu ya maluwa imachepa - Kuwala kowala kwambiri ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Chomeracho chimasowa shading ndi kuuluka.
Mphepete mwa masamba amasanduka bulauni ndi youma - mpweya wouma ndi kutenthedwa. Kuwonetsera kuwala kwa dzuwa kuyenera kukhala kochepa ndipo mpweya uyenera kusokonezedwa.
Dzukani masamba, masamba owuma - otsika mpweya chinyezi. Ndikofunika kuti muzisakaniza.
Begonia akutsikira maluwa - izi zimachitika ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi; zikhoza kuwonetsedwa mu zochitika zatsopano zomwe mwapeza kapena mwadzidzidzi - monga kupanikizika, komwe kumachitika pamene zikugwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano, ngati zikukwaniritsa zosowa za mbewu.
Masamba ndi zimayambira kutembenuka wakuda - kawirikawiri mu frostbitten toyimirira omwe amakula mwatseguka pansi. Sankhani zitsamba, zamphamvu, kuziika m'miphika ndikupita kuchipinda chofunda.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a begonias
Kusamala zolakwika poyamba kuchepa kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi m'nthakakufooketsa chomera ndikupangitsa kugonjetsedwa kwake powdery mildew. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kuwonjezera kuthirira ndi kuyendetsa begonia. fungicides.
Kusakaniza kwa kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kwakukulu kumabweretsa chitukuko mizu kapena tsamba zowola.
Ngati ndondomekoyi yayamba, muyenera nthawi yomweyo kukonzanso nyengo ndi kutentha.
Ngati mukugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, mudzayenera kuzula mdulidwe, kudula mphukira zabwino, ndi kuwasunga bwino, ndi kuchotsa mbewu zonsezo.
Begonia ikhoza kumenyana whitefly, thrips ndi chishango. Monga chiyeso choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito kuchotsa tizirombo ndi swab ya thonje yotsekedwa mu mowa, kapena mankhwala ndi sopo yankho. Ambiri zothandiza tizilombo mankhwala - mankhwala osakaniza.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wozizira, komwe kumakhala kofunda ndi kofewa chaka chonse, begonia nthawi zonse (Begonia semperflorens) imatsimikiziranso dzina lake la botanical, pafupifupi nthawi zonse kupanga ndi kupanga maluwa pakapita nyengo zinayi.
Chithunzi
Kenako, mukhoza kuona zithunzi za kubzala ndi kusamalira kwathu ku Begonia Yosatha:
