Redcurrant: magawo akuluakulu pakulima ndi kusamalira

Redcurrant ndi chitsamba chosatha komanso chotalika mamita 0.5 mpaka 2 kuthengo: Chimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena mitsinje mu Eurasia yonse. Ili ndiye mabulosi omwe amalima kwambiri ambiri wamaluwa, mitundu yamakono yosamalidwa bwino imatha kupanga mpaka 10-12 makilogalamu a zipatso zowutsa mudyo.

Mbiri yakula ma currants ofiira

Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa redcurrant ku Western Europe kudayamba zaka za m'ma 1500. Mtengowo udagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira hedges, ndipo zipatsozo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, currants adayamba kulima ku Russia, makamaka ku nyumba za amonke, pogwiritsa ntchito zipatso ngati mankhwala ndikupanga ma tinctures kuchokera kwa iwo.

Chitsamba chokongoletsedwa bwino ndi chokongola kwambiri pakukacha kwa zipatso ndipo chimatha kukongoletsa dimba lililonse

Pakadali pano, dziko lotsogola polima ma currants ofiira ndi United States. Koma ku Russia saayiwala za chikhalidwe ichi: pafupifupi m'munda uliwonse ungapeze tchire 1-2.

Redcurrant ndi chomera cholimba kwambiri, ndipo chimatha kupirira fr40^zaC. M'chilimwe, chifukwa cha mizu yamphamvu, imakhala ndi kutentha kochepa poyerekeza ndi ma blackcurrants, ndipo kutalika kwa moyo wa chitsamba kumatha zaka 20 popanda kuchepetsa zokolola.

M'minda youma yopanda kuthirira komanso chisamaliro cha anthu, zitsamba zokhazikika zimakula mpaka 50-70 masentimita kutalika ndikupereka mbewu yaying'ono. Ndikamadyetsa pafupipafupi komanso kuthirira kapena m'malo otsika kumene madzi apansi ali pafupi ndi nthaka, ma currant ofiira amakula ngati chitsamba champhamvu mpaka 2 m kutalika ndipo amatha kutulutsa zipatso mpaka 12 kg.

Maluwa a currant okhala ndi maluwa a nondescript omwe atengedwa burashi

Maluwa a currant mu Meyi ndi nondescript maluwa achikasu obiriwira obiriwira osambira burashi. Kutengera ndi dera komanso mitundu yambiri ya currant, kucha zipatso kumatha kuyamba pakati pa Juni kapena Julayi. Kucha sikusiyana: woyamba kuwaza zipatso padzuwa. Ma currants ofiira nthawi zambiri sawuma kuthengo, chifukwa amatha kukolola pokhapokha pakufunika. Amasankha ma currants ofiira ngati mphesa ndi burashi, popanda kuwononga zipatso, chifukwa chake amasungidwa bwino ndikuyendetsedwa.

Ma currants ofiira kuthengo amatengedwa m'magulu

Redcurrant imakwaniritsa njala ndi ludzu; ili ndi vitamini C wambiri, omwe tsiku lililonse amatha kubwezeretsanso mwa kudya ochepa mabulosi awa. Kuphatikiza apo, mabulosi'wo amakhala ndi pectin, motero mafuta ofiira a currant amakhala onenepa. Ma compotes, jams, zoteteza, ma jelly, marmalade, tinctures, mavinyo, ma liqueurs amakonzedwa kuchokera pamenepo.

Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu yofiyira

Kuti musangalale ndi zipatso zatsopano za currant yotentha nthawi yonse ya chilimwe, mutha kudzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana: zipatso zoyambirira, kucha komanso mochedwa. Muthanso kutola tchire tokhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso: wofiira, burgundy, pinki. Mitundu ina ya redcurrant yabwino zipatso mu tchire limodzi, ndiye kuti, amatha kudzilimbitsa (amatha kupukuta ndi mungu wawo), pomwe ena amafuna mnansi wopukutira mungu.

Kutengera mitundu, zipatso zofiira za currant zitha kukhala zazing'ono (0,7 g) kapena zazikulu, mpaka 1.5 cm mulifupi ndi kulemera mpaka 1.5 g.

Gome: Mitundu yayikulu ya red currant

Zithunzi zojambulajambula: mitundu yofiira ya currant ku dera la Moscow

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: mitundu yofiira ya currant ku Siberia ndi Urals

Magawo akulu aukadaulo waulimi wa red currant

Ma currants ofiira safuna kwambiri kusamalidwa kuposa ma curators akuda. Amayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu mutabzala, zochulukitsa zokolola chaka chilichonse. Kuti musunge zokolola zosiyanasiyana zaka zambiri, muyenera kudyetsa nthawi zonse, kuthirira chitsamba m'miyezi yotentha yachilimwe ndikuchotsa nthambi zakale kwambiri.

Kubzala currants ofiira

Pakubzala cur cur ofiir, ndikofunika kusankha kuwala, kotetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira malo ndi nthaka yachonde. Komabe, ngati m'dera lanu nthawi ya chilimwe padzuwa thermometer imakwera mpaka 50^zaC, ndiye kubzala currant pansi pa mitengo pamthunzi wocheperako, makamaka kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa, kuti dzuwa liwunikire kokha mpaka masana.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi pobzala ma cur cur Red

Ma currants ofiira ndi bwino kubzala mu loamy kapena dothi lamchenga wopanda tanthauzo. Pamadothi achilengedwe kapena m'malo onyowa, ma currants ofiira amakula kwambiri.

Masabata 2-3 tisanabzale curators, timayamba kukonza dzenje lodzala. Pamalo osankhidwa, timakumba bowo lozungulira masentimita 50-60 ndikuzama pa bayonet ya fosholo. M'malo okhala ndi dongo la dothi, mutha kukumba dzenje kwambiri kuti curators asakhale ndi michere.

Masabata awiri musanabzalire mmera, dzenje limakonzedwa ndi mainchesi 50 ndikuzama pa chitseko cha fosholo

Sakanizani dothi lofunikalo ndi ndowa ya kompositi (humus), kapu ya phulusa ndi 200 g ya superphosphate. Tikugona tulo tomwe tili m dzenjelo ndikuthilira madzi mosamala kuti nthaka ipange dothi.

Kubzala redcurrant kudula

Ngati mukufuna kuyesa mitundu yatsopano, ndibwino kuyitanitsa zinthu zodzala ndi mizu yotsekeka - mumiphika kapena phukusi lapadera.

Bwino kugula cuttings ndi chatsekedwa mizu

Malo okulera ana nthawi zambiri amakulira okhala panja popanda miphika ndikugulitsa ndi mizu yotseguka, kotero samalani mizu pasadakhale: tengani chiguduli ndi thumba komwe mumakulunga pansi pa mmera.

Nthawi yabwino yodzala ma currants ofiira pakati pa Russia ndi chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira, kwenikweni masiku oyamba a Seputembala: palibe kutentha kwa chilimwe, ndipo zodulidwa zimazika mizu bwino. Kwa zigawo zakumwera, masiku obwera amasinthidwa patatha mwezi umodzi.

Magawo obzala cur cur Red:

1. Musanabzale, zilowerereni mizu kapena mphika wa mbande m'madzi kwa maola 1-2.
2. M'dzenje lomwe mwakonzedwa, ikani kavuto kakang'ono kofanana ndi kukula kwa muzu.
3. Ngati chofiyira chofiyira chikukula mumphika wapansi, ndiye kuti chimakungidwa mosamala mumphika popanda kuwononga chotupa. Mizu imawongoka ngati ipindika.
   

   Ngati mphika wa dothi mizu unayamba kukula, uyenera kuwongoledwa
4. Mphika umayikidwa mu dzenje lotayirira mosasamala, pamlingo wa 45^za kumpoto, khosi la muzu limayikidwa masentimita 5-7 pansi pa nthaka.
   

   Kudzala kolondola kwa ma currant odulidwa: muzu wokhazikika umakhudzika, chogwirira chokha chikuyang'ana kumpoto

5. Finyani mmera ndi dothi ndikuthirira.
6. Chozungulira chimakhala ndi udzu kapena masamba, nthambi zazitali kwambiri zimafupikitsidwa, osasiya 25 cm pamwamba pa nthaka.

Momwe mungasungire mbande zamera musanabzalidwe

Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mbande zogulidwa zimabweranso kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kukadali chisanu m'munda ndikubzala pamalo osatha sikungatheke.

Kusunga mmera ndi mizu yotseguka m'nyumba yofunda sikungovomerezeka. Ngati nkosatheka kuyika mbewuyo m'chipinda chapansi, mwachitsanzo, ngati masamba atatsegulidwa kale, muyenera kutenga poto kapena chomera chomera ndikufesa mbewu kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mbewu zing'onozing'ono zopezeka mu kugwa zitha kusungidwa mpaka masika, osabzala mumiphika, ndikugona pansi pakefuulo la firiji. Choyamba muyenera kukulunga mizu ndi nsalu yonyowa, ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yokhala ndi pepala lakuda.

Kubzala nthangala zamera

Ma currants amafalitsidwa bwino ndi njere, koma nthawi zambiri mbadwa sizibwereza zamtundu wa kholo, makamaka ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya currant yofiira imamera pamalowo, yomwe imatha kupukutidwa.

Nthawi zambiri mbewu za zipatso zamphesa zimangomizidwa m'nthaka, ndikuwazidwa ndi lapansi. Madzi a masika amathandizira kufalikira ndi kumera kwa mbeu, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa chilimwe ang'ono koma amphamvu mbande amakula.

Kanema: currant kuchokera ku mbewu

Anzake ndi adani a ofiira ofiira

Omwe alimi ambiri akudziwa bwino zamasamba ndipo amasankha awiriawiri kuti azikhala ndi zipatso zabwino komanso oyandikana nawo. Koma sikuti aliyense amakayikira kuti pakati pa zitsamba ndi mitengo palinso chikondi ndi udani.

Nthawi zambiri, mutha kuwona kubzala zitsamba m'mphepete mwa mpanda, pomwe pamakhala akuda ndi ofiira omwe adabzala pafupi. Zotsatira zake ndi kuti ma juzi ndi oyandikana nawo abwino kwambiri, ndipo akuda amakonda mapikisano okhala ndi anzawo m'malo mwa abale awo ofiira.

Gooseberry ndiye mnansi woyenera kwambiri wa redcurrant

Kuphatikiza apo, tchire lonse limakonda kubzala tomato, marigold, marigold, mbewa ndi zitsamba zina zonunkhira bwino kuzungulira mtengo wawo. Ndi mafuta awo ofunikira, amathamangitsa tizirombo tina tosiyanasiyana ta currants.

Mavalidwe owonjezeranso

M'chaka chodzala, ma currant ofiira safunanso mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba, chifukwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa humus ndi feteleza wa mchere kumalowetsedwa m'dzenje.

Muzaka zotsatila, currants ayenera kudyetsedwa osachepera 2 pachaka: kasupe ndi yophukira.

Gome: madiresi ofiira apamwamba

Kuphatikiza pazovalazi zapamwamba izi, ndibwino kuti mulch bwalo loyandikira-thunthu ndi udzu, udzu, udzu, masamba ndikutaya masabata awiri aliwonse pokonzekera komwe kuli mabakiteriya abwino (Radiance, Baikal EM-1, East).

Osadyetsa konse currant ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni kumapeto kwa chilimwe - Kukula kwatsopano kwa mphukira kudzayamba, komwe sikudzakhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera yozizira ndi kuzizira.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa: Kukonzekera kowonjezera chonde

Ngati sizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito organics, ndiye kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndikamasula nthaka, 10 g wa urea pa 1 mita²mu June - kulowetsedwa kwa ndowe za mbalame, ndipo mu Okutobala - 100 g ya superphosphate ndi 50 g wa potaziyamu mankhwala ena.

Kudulira kwina

Kupangidwira kwa currant yofiira kumachitika kum nthambi zomwe zaka zake ndi zaka 2 mpaka 5. Koma popeza ma currants amapanga mphukira zatsopano zingapo pachaka chilichonse, chonsecho pazikhala nthambi 20 mpaka 25 za mibadwo yosiyana pachitsamba.

Nthambi zakale kwambiri, zaka zisanu zimakololedwa atangotola zipatsozo, ndipo m'chilimwe amachotsa nthambi zowonjezera zam'mera (kukula kwa chaka chino), kusiya 4 kapena 5 nthambi zathanzi komanso zamphamvu kwambiri. Mu Julayi, tukula nthambi kuti zikule.

Zabwino, pachitsamba chofiira currant iyenera kukhala imodzi:

• Nthambi za 4-5 za kukula kwa masika (zowerengera);
• 4-5 nthambi za chaka chatha (azaka ziwiri) zokhala ndi zipatso;
• 4-5 nthambi za zaka zitatu zokhala ndi zipatso;
• 4-5 nthambi za zaka zinayi zokhala ndi zipatso;
• 4-5 nthambi za zaka zisanu, zomwe zimadulidwa mutangotola zipatso kwa iwo.

Kudulira currant chitsamba kumachitidwanso mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Chapakatikati, mutha kuchotsa nthambi zophwanyika kapena zachisanu, ndipo posachedwa - zakale, zodwala kapena kale. Nthawi zambiri, mphukira za ofunda currants nthambi pang'ono, kuti asafupikitse, koma kudula mpaka pansi.

Momwe mungapangitsenso ma red currants mu kasupe

Ngati currant yanu yofiira sinawonepo secateurs kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo yasintha kukhala nkhokwe zazikulu, ndiye kuti zokolola pa chitsamba chotere ndizosafunikira, ndipo zipatso zake zimakhala zochepa. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, muyenera kudulira kudulira kwamakadinala, komwe nthawi zambiri kumachitika mchaka masamba asanatseguke.

Kuti musinthe mbewuzo, nthambi zonse zimadulidwa.

1. Choyamba chotsani nthambi zakale komanso zakuda zofiirira, kudula kuti zigwe pansi.
2. Chotsani mphukira zonenepa zomwe zikukula.
3. Chotsani nthambi zotsika.
4. Chotsani mphukira zomwe zimamera mkati mwa chitsamba.

Redcurrant imakonda kuti chitsamba chiwombedwa ndi mphepo, motero kumeta tsitsi kumakhala kofunikira.

Kupititsitsanso kufalitsa

Ndiosavuta kufalitsa currants ndi kudula kapena kuyika - pamenepa, tchire labwinobwino limangobwereza chomera cha mayi.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

1. Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti, ndikudulira kudana ndi kukalamba, kudula mphukira zingapo ndikudula pakati 20-25 cm, chotsani masamba.
2. Mphukira iliyonse imayenera kukhala ndi impso 4-5, kupanga gawo lochepera la 0,5-1 masentimita pansi pa impso, ndipo yapamwamba, yolunjika 1 cm pamwamba pa impso.
3. Aliyense phesi lokhala ndi gawo lotsika limayikidwa pakukonzekera Kornevin ndikubzala m'nthaka pamalo okhazikika kapena kuti lizika mizu yogona pabedi lokhalokha.
4. Bzalani zodulidwazo mbali ya 45^za, ndi impso ziwiri zimizidwa pansi, ndipo zina zonse ziyenera kukhala pamwamba panthaka.
5. Mukabzala pabedi, chokani pakati pa odulidwa 15-20 cm.
6. Thirani cuttings ndi mulch ndi kompositi kompositi, peat kapena nthaka youma. Nthawi ndi nthawi muziyang'anira dothi kuti lisaphwe.
7. Pakutha kwa nthawi yophukira, kudula kumayamba kuzika mizu, mphukira lotsatira la masika limatulukira kuchokera ku masamba.

Zodulidwa zodzutsidwa zimayamba kuzika mizu ndi kuzika mizu

Kufalitsa mwa kuyala

1. Chapakatikati, amasankha kuwombera kwa chaka chatha ndikuchigwera pansi, pomwe kukumba kwakuya masentimita 5-8 kukumba mwapadera.
2. Mphukira imayikidwa kuti korona ali pamwamba pa nthaka, ndipo mphukira yomwe ili m'mkhalidwe.
3. Amakhomera pansi mphukirayo pansi ndi zingwe zazingwe ndikuwaza ndi dothi lotayirira ndi 1 cm.
4. Zikamera zikamera kuchokera ku impso ndipo zimakula mpaka 10 cm, zimawaza ndi dothi lotayirira pafupifupi masamba apamwamba.
5. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa poyikapo.
6. Nthaka imawonjezeredwa kangapo nthawi yachilimwe.
7. Pakati pa Seputembala, mphukira imadulidwa kuchoka kuchitsamba ndikukukumba modekha.
8. Nthambiyo imadulidwamo malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mphukira yokhazikitsidwa ndikubzala pamalo okhazikika.

Mphukira zingapo zimatha kukula kuchokera ku chimodzi

Red currant chithandizo cha tizirombo ndi matenda

Zomera zokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri sizimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, chifukwa chake muyenera kutsatira malamulo a tekinoloje yaulimi ndikuchita kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

1. Bzalani mbeu pamalo opumira, dzuwa.
2. Osachulukitsa kubzala, siyani 1-2 mita pakati pa mbewu, ndipo mtunda wofikira kuminyumba uzikhala osachepera 1 m.
3. Chotsani nthambi zodwala kapena magawo a chomera munthawi yake - musalole kuti matenda afalikire.
4. Kodi odana ndi ukalamba kudulira kwa thengo kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino.
5. Popewa kuphukira, kupopera mankhwala ophatikizira ndi mankhwala osakanikirana: Fitolavin + Farmayod + Fitoverm (1 tbsp. Yonse ya mankhwala omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi 10 l madzi).
6. Sabata iliyonse, kuyambira ndikuwoneka masamba oyamba, fafaniza ma currant ndi malo amtundu wa bio: onjezerani 2 Ecoberin ndi Healthy Garden granules mu lita imodzi yamadzi ndikuwonjezera madontho awiri amadzimadzi HB-101.

Njira zoterezi zimakuthandizani kuti mukule ma currants osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, chifukwa mankhwalawa ndi achilengedwe.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: mankhwala oletsa kupha tizirombo ndi matenda pa currant yofiira

Kubadwa kwa bio-kumawonjezera chitetezo chomera, kumachepetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kupsinjika: kutentha, kutentha, mphepo.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Tizilombo Tofiyira Red

Ngati tizirombo taoneka pa currant, ndiye kuti biologics imagwiritsidwa ntchito: Fitoverm - kuchokera nkhupakupa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, Bitoxibacillin - kuchokera kwa mbozi. Kuwaza kumachitika kawiri ndi katatu ndi masiku 4-5.

Zithunzi Zojambula: Matenda Othandiza

Kukula kophimba kofiyira pa tsinde

Kuphatikiza pa kubzala kwokhazikika kwa curators ndi chitsamba, kupangira kofikira kwa cur curls nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Gome: Ubwino ndi Kukula kwa Kukula kwa Standard Currant

Momwe mungaperekere currants muyezo

1. Kuti mupeze currant yooneka ngati mawonekedwe, muyenera kubzala mphukira ya pachaka yosafunikira. Mphukira ikafika kutalika kwa tsinde, tsinani pamwamba.
   

   Mapangidwe ofiira ofiira pa tsinde

2. Chaka chamawa, timachotsa mphukira zonsezo ndi njira zake m'litali lonse la tsinde, ndipo mu Ogasiti timadula korona.
3. M'chaka chachitatu, mphukira za chaka chatha zidzapatsa mbewu yoyamba. Kusamalira mavuto omwe tawatchulawa. Tsinani nsonga za mphukira zapachaka mu korona.
4. Chaka chachinayi: currant imabala zipatso mokwanira, timadula nthambi zakale tikatola zipatsozo, ndikutsina ana.
5. Kupitiliza kusamalira muyezo wa currant amakhalabe womwewo: kuchotsa mizu ndi kuphukira pa thunthu la tsinde.

Ma currants atha kubzala mumtengo yaying'ono - pa tsinde. Amakongoletsa kwambiri

Kukula ma currants ofiira pa trellis

Iyi ndi njira yachilendo kwambiri yokulira ma currants ofiira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani kuposa kulima.

Trellis redcurrant khoma

Chinsinsi cha njirayo ndikukula zitsamba za currant mu ndege imodzi - yokula. Pokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kotsikira, khoma limapezeka.

Gome: zabwino ndi zoyipa za kukula kwa curators pa trellis

Momwe mungakulire currants pa trellis

1. Choyamba, mitundu yololera yapamwamba yolimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga imasankhidwa kuti ikulitse ma currants pa trellis. Zipatsozo ziyenera kukhala zazikulu, zamchere komanso zabwino, zokolola zamtchire ndizosachepera 4 kg.
2. Trellisyi imapangidwa ndi mtundu wapamwamba, wokhala ndi mabowo okumba ndi kuthira simenti ndi poyimitsa pamenepo. Zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri zimayenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi zowonjezera, ndipo malekezero am'munsi othandizira amathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa antiseptic kapena anticorrosive. Kutalika kwa nsanamira ndi 2-2,5 m, waya umakokedwa pamwamba pawo masentimita 50 aliwonse.
3. Mbande yazaka ziwiri zokhazikitsidwa zimabzalidwa m'mphepete mwa trellis pamtunda wa 0.7-1 m kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Mmera uliwonse muyenera kudulira, ndikusiya pafupifupi 20 cm pa tsinde ndi masamba atatu.
   

   Mapangidwe ofiira ofunikira pa trellis

4. Chotsatira chakumapeto, masamba awa amatulutsa mphukira zamphamvu, zimawoneka ngati zokupizira komanso zimangirizidwa ndi waya wapansi.
5. Chaka chotsatira, nthambi izi zimatsalira kuti zikulire mmwamba, ndipo mphukira zatsopano zazomera zochokera kumizu zimazunguliridwa ndikumangirizidwa kwa trellis. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kudulira kumachitika, kufupikitsa masamba, ndikuwakakamiza kuti ayambe nthambi.
6. Mu zaka zotsatila, amakhalanso akupanga khoma, ndipo kuyambira azaka 5, chitsamba chimagwira kudulira kokalamba, kudula mphukira zakale ndikusintha zina ndi zina.

Red currant pa trellis ndi khoma lopitilira

Red currant sikuti ndi mabulosi athanzi okha, komanso ulemerero wokongoletsa m'mundamo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ngati yakucha, mtundu wa zipatso ndi kukula kwake zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha ma currants omwe mungakonde nawo wokonza dimba aliyense.