Hazel anthu ambiri ankaganiza kuti ndi mtengo wosamvetsetseka, wozunguliridwa ndi nthano, nthano komanso kukhulupirira malodzandi Mwachitsanzo, Asilavo ankawona kuti chomera ichi chikhala choyera ndi chopatulika, choncho panthawi yamabingu omwe anabisala pansi pake, anaimitsa nthambi ndi lamba ndikuziika pamalo omwe ankafuna kuteteza ku mphezi. Mtengo uwu ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri komanso momwe ungakulire mnyumba, tikufotokozera pansipa.
Hazel (Hazelnut): Mafotokozedwe a Hazel
Hazel, kapena hazel - Ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali (shrub) wa banja la Birch, womwe umakula kufika mamita 10. Ili ndi korona woboola kapena yozungulira. Makungwa a mtengowo ndi ofiira, otayidwa ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa. Mizu ili ndi mphamvu, mopanda pake. Masamba a Hazel ndi osasangalatsa, obiriwira, okongoletsa, ovate.
Mukudziwa? Anthu amachitcha kuti hazelnut kapena nut, ndipo nkhono zomwe zimapezeka mumtundu ndizosiyana kwambiri. Nkhono ndi nkhono - mitengo yokhudzana, oimira banja limodzi.
Nkhono ya maluwa (kapena kuti "mchenga") imayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika (March-April), ngakhale masamba asanatuluke. Panthawi imeneyi ndolo za golidi zimaonekera pamtengo. Popeza msipu umatanthawuza zomera zokhala ndi monoecious, maluwa onse a catkins ndi pistillate ali pa mtengo umodzi kapena shrub. Maluwa a hazel ali ndi miyala yolimba. Hazel imayamba kubala zipatso m'chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri kapena chisanu ndi chitatu cha moyo ndikupanga mbewu pachaka. Zipatso ndizochepa (2 masentimita), zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi mtedza wouma kapena wozungulira womwe uli mkati mwa plyus yobiriwira. Tsinde lililonse likhoza kukhala ndi zipatso zokwana 30, ngakhale zimapezeka 3-4. Kukhwima mu August. Mtengo wa hazel umabereka ndi kuika, mbewu, kapena mizu yakuda.
Masiku ano, pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya nkhono, zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri ndi Panahesky. Zipatso zake zimakhala zokoma ndipo zimadziwika ndi mafuta okhutira (62-65%). Komanso, izi zosiyanasiyana zimapereka zokolola zochuluka chaka chilichonse ndipo sizikusowa kutero.
Hazel amakhala m'madera otentha, amchere komanso osakanikirana, ndipo kumalo kumene kumakhala msipu wamba, umakhala ndi mapepala obiriwira, kumera kwambiri m'madontho ndi msipu. Amagawidwa kwambiri ku Caucasus, Middle East ndi ku Ulaya. Amapanga nthaka yatsopano, yachonde ndi yobiriwira, choncho imapezeka pansi pa mitsinje, mitsinje, mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa steppe ndi nkhalango. Pa nthaka yosauka, yamadzi, yowonongeka, yobirira sizimakula.
Komabe, mtedza wokoma ndi wathanzi ukhoza kulawa osati m'nkhalango - mtengo uwu wakhala ukulimidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Kukolola kwa Hazel kuli kotheka kufika kumbuyo, ngati mukudziwa zambiri za chisamaliro ndi kulima mbewu.
Kodi malo abwino kwambiri chodzala nyerere ndi iti?
Mitundu yowonjezereka ya zomera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi interspecific hybrids ya hazelnut yofala, Pontic, masamba osiyanasiyana ndi aakulu. Kum'mwera chakum'maŵa, kum'mwera, kumpoto kwa malo otsetsereka, kuli bwino kulima mchikhalidwe, chifukwa m'madera amenewa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuli kochepa ndipo, motero, chiopsezo cha kutentha ndi chisanu ndi chochepa.
Mukudziwa? Mafuta a hazelnut ali ndi mafuta oposa 60%, 18% mapuloteni, mavitamini, macro-ndi micronutrients, ndipo chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kwapachiyambi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu malonda.
Kusankha malo otsetsereka: kuunika kuyenera kukhala kotani
Mtengo wa Hazel -tNdi mtengo wolekerera ndipo sakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma ndi mdima wolimba umatha kubzala mbewu zoipa, ndipo masamba ake amasintha mtundu. Malo omwe hazel ikulera sayenera kupezeka ku kusefukira kwa madzi.
Sankhani gawo laulere, lodziŵika bwino ndipo mutetezedwe ku zojambula m'munda wamunda. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi a pansi pa malo omwe alimi a hazelu akukonzekera sayenera kukhala pamwamba pa mamita 1.5. 
Malo abwino odzala - pafupi ndi makoma a nyumba. Ngati palibe wotero, ndiye kuti mpanda ungateteze ku mphepo. Kukula kwa nkhwangwa kukuvomerezeka pafupi ndi mitengo yomwe ili ndi korona wochuluka, koma iyenera kukhala yopanda mamita 4-5 kuchokera pamenepo. Choncho, malo abwino kwambiri a nkhono adzapulumutsidwa - 16-25 m².
Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsanso kuti muzitha kuzizira kumtunda, kumapiri otsetsereka. Mbewu zimasambira kumeneko, ndipo pali ngozi ya chisanu kuwonongeka kwa ovary..
Kuti mukhale osamalidwa bwino, ndikulimbikitseni kuti muzitha kubzala chisawawa pa chiwembu.
Zosowa za nthaka
Pofuna kukula mchenga wochuluka pa chiwembu, ndibwino kuti mutenge chonde, chosasunthika, chotsanulidwa bwino, chosalowerera kapena chochepa (pH 6-6.5) nthaka yobzala. M'nthaka iyi, nkhono zimakula mofulumira kuchokera ku mizu, imayamba kubala chipatso pambuyo pa zaka 3-4, ndipo ndondomeko ya kulima kwake sikuti imayambitsa mavuto alionse osafunikira.
Mu dothi la chernozem, kuti bwino chinyezi ndi mpweya permeability, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga ndi kompositi humus. Hazel sidzapulumuka bwino pamtambo wa mchenga, wam'mwala ndi wamphepete, ndipo nthaka yowawa iyenera kukhala yoyamba mandimu (500 g pa 1 mamita).
Zomwe zimabzala udzu wamaluwa
Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka, muyenera choyamba kupanga zolemba zazitsamba, ndipo muyenera kuganizira kuti mukadzala mitengo ingapo pambali, pollination yachilengedwe imapangidwa. Ndi bwino kudzala nyerere pamphepete mwa malo.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Mitundu ya hazel m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- Muzu umatuluka. Asanaikidwe pamalo otseguka, ziphuphu zimakula mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa zaka 1-2. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zizindikiro zonse za msamba wa mayi zimasungidwa.
- Mbewu. Kubzala kwa chipatso (ndiko kuti, ndi mbewu) ya mchenga imapangidwa mu kasupe kapena yophukira. Chitsamba chimayamba kubereka zipatso zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri.
- Mwa magawano. Nthambi zomwe zakhala ndi mizu ya masentimita 15 m'litali zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera chachikulu. Mmera uliwonse umabzalidwa mosiyana. Pothandizidwa ndi malo okhalapo zotere zimatha kuwononga madontho a nkhono.
- Cuttings. Kuti muchite izi, tengani mphukira zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa zaka 1-2.
- Kuyika. Nthambi mu kasupe bend pansi, anaikidwa grooves ndipo mopepuka anawonjezera dropwise.
- Inoculation Ndondomeko ikuchitika m'chilimwe, ndipo zidutswa zimakololedwa kuyambira m'dzinja.
Mbeu zabwino zouma (ngati mukufuna kukalima ngati chomera) muyenera kukhala ndi nthambi ziwiri zokhala ndi masentimita 30 mpaka 50 cm ndi 1-1.5 cm wandiweyani, ndipo mizu ikhale yabwino.
Mukudziwa? Nutritionally, 400 g wa nkhono zazingwe zimakhala zofanana ndi chakudya chamasiku amodzi.
Kukonzekera dzenje
Kukhalitsa nkhwangwa ziyenera kuchitika mu kugwa. Choyamba, kukumba maenje ndi kuya kwa masentimita 50-60 ndi masentimita 80 cm, humus kapena kompositi (10-15 makilogalamu), mineral feteleza (superphosphate, potaziyamu sulphate) ndi nthaka yolemera yomwe imachotsedwa pansi pa nkhono. Mtunda wa pakati pa maenje umadalira kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kuti masamba a chitsamba akhale ofunika kuti akhale ndi mamita 4, pamapangidwe oyenera - 1.5-2.5 mamita. Palinso malo obzala ndi zisa, momwe mbande zingapo zimayikidwa mu bwalo kuzungulira lalikulu (pafupifupi mamita 1), kuteteza mtunda pakati pa mbande zosachepera 50 cm. chitsamba chachikulu.
Ndikofunikira! Odwala matendawa amayenera kukumbukira kuti mungu wa nkhuku umayambitsa matenda.
Kudzala msipu m'munda
Musanayambe kubzala, mizu ya mbande imadulidwa mpaka 20-25 masentimita, imanyowetsedwa ndi phulusa losakaniza manyowa ndi dothi, kenako imayikidwa mu okonzeka (osapitirira masabata awiri musanadzalemo) maenje, pamtunda wa mamita 4-5 kuchokera kwa mzake ( akufuna kupanga mazenera). Zomera zobiriwira ziyenera kutsanulidwa (2 zidebe za sapling iliyonse). Pambuyo pake, magulu a pafupi-thunthu amamangidwa ndi 3-5 cm wosanjikiza wa peat kapena humus, ndipo nthambi zimfupikitsidwa mpaka 20-25 masentimita.
Mlingo wa khosi uyenera kuikidwa m'manda ndi 2-3 masentimita ndipo usaphimbe pansi, zomwe zidzakulitsa kukula ndi nthambi za mizu. Ndikofunika kugwirizanitsa dothi pokhapokha m'deralo la kufalitsa mizu. Popeza hazeliti imafuna pollination, zitsamba ziyenera kuikidwa pambali, ndipo ziri bwino ngati ziri zosiyana. Nthawi yoyamba mutabzala msikidzi, malo amodzi pakati pa zomera angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbewu za masamba.
Mukudziwa? Hazel makungwa amatsutsana ndi zotupa, antiseptic, astringent katundu. Tincture imathandiza ndi mitsempha ya varicose, thrombophlebitis, matenda a prostate, kusowa kwa vitamini, malungo, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ziphuphu.
Zonse zokhudza chisamaliro cha hazelnut
Kawirikawiri, chisamaliro cha mitengo yaying'ono ndi tchire chachepetsedwa kuti chitulutse mitengo ikuluikulu ya mtengo ndi kuomba kwake, koma kwa hazeluti pali luso lapadera la kulima.
Kuthirira ndi kusamalira nthaka
Mbewu zazing'ono zimayamba kuyamba kuthirira sabata mutabzala. Pambuyo pa 2-3 ulimi wambiri wothirira madzi, mapuloteni a nthaka adzagwirizanitsa, bedi lodzala silidzalekanitsidwa ndi nthaka yonse ndipo lidzasungiranso mvula yambiri, ndikupereka mbeuyo ndi zinthu zofunika pazaka 3-4 zotsatira. Ngati chaka chinali chouma, hazelisi imafunika kuthirira. Musamvere chisoni madzi - tchire tiyenera kuthirira kamodzi pamwezi. Pokumbukira momwe ntchentche ndi hazel imakula ndikuchulukira mu chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti ndizovuta kupanga mapangidwe a mizu ndipo, motero, kuchepetsa zokolola. Choncho, mphukira imayenera kuwonongeka ali wamng'ono, itangoyamba kukwera pamwamba. Kuti muthe kuchotsa bwino, dulani nthaka kuzungulira mphukira iliyonse ndi kudula mphukira pansi. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kuti hazelnut ibweretse zokolola zabwino, osati kubzala koyenera basi ndikofunikira, komanso kusamala kwina. M'dzinja, msipu umadyetsedwa ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, ndipo m'chaka chitsamba chidzafuna ammonium nitrate. Kuwonjezera apo, kuti zipatso zonse zipse nthawi imodzi, zimagwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni feteleza - zimadyetsedwa mu July. Fruiting ndi achinyamata amadyetsedwa pogwa pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza organic (manyowa, kompositi, superphosphate, potashi mchere) pa chidebe chimodzi pa 1 m².
Ndikofunikira! Young mbande ayenera yophukira dothi mulching.
Kudulira munda wa hazelisi
Nkhuni ya hazel, kubzala ndi kusamalira zomwe zimachitika ku dacha, komanso wachibale wake wamtchire, amatha kulola mizu kuphuka. Pofuna kusunga zokolola, musalole kuti makulidwe a nthambi alowe mkati mwa chitsamba (pakupanga korona, 6-10 mwa mphukira zowonjezereka kwambiri zatsalira zomwe siziri pafupi kwambiri).
Pamene chitsamba chimakula, nthambi zopotoka, zowonongeka ndi zowuma zimachotsedwa. Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo zimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi mphukira zazing'ono, kuchotsa 2 "achikulire" pachaka.
Mankhwala a Hazel kwa tizirombo ndi matenda
Izi zimachitika kuti nkhwangwa yamba imayamba kufooka, ngakhale kuti kusamuka ndi kusamalidwa kumene kunkachitika mogwirizana ndi zofunikira zonse.
Izi zimayambitsidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda omwe amafanana ndi chidziwitso:
- mtedza weevil;
- impso mite;
- aphid;
- mtedza wa mtedza;
- chishango;
- malo ofiira;
- powdery mildew.
Atapeza tizilombo pamtunda, m'pofunika kuwagwedeza pamagulu, omwe amatha kufalitsa filimu pansi pa chitsamba. Tizilombo tingathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti tipewe tizirombo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri pa nyengo: isanafike Mphukira komanso pambuyo pa masamba. Pochizira matenda a hazel ndi hazel amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito kolera sulfuri ndi boric acid. 
Ngati kumapeto kwa chilimwe masamba amawombera ming'oma yaikulu, zomera zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi njenjete. Zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa ndi dzanja kapena kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuthetsa mankhwala (pakakhala vuto loipa kwambiri). Monga njira yowonetsera kuoneka kwa tizirombo m'chaka, makungwa a chitsamba ayenera kutsukidwa nthawi, masamba omwe amasonkhana kugwa ayenera kutsukidwa, ndipo nthawi ya chilimwe komanso zipatso zoyenera ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
Mukudziwa? Kuwonjezera mafuta a mkaka wa m'mawere Maso a hazel akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito panthawi ya lactation.
Kukolola
Kukolola kwa Hazel mu August ndi kumayambiriro kwa September. Mtedza wokhwima umasiyanitsidwa ndi ply brownish, yomwe pamtengo wobala zipatso imatsegula pang'ono ndipo imayamba kutha. Zokolola zouma kwa milungu iwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusiyanitsa maso ku pluses. Zipatso zosonkhanitsa zimasungidwa mu nsalu kapena mapepala pamapepala pamalo ouma - ndiye samataya kukoma kwawo zaka ziwiri.
Ndikofunikira! Zipatso zouma zosauka zimakhala mwamsanga.
Zitsamba zilizonse zokongola zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zokongoletsera, kotero kukhalapo kwa "malo okhala m'nkhalango" pa tsambali ndi njira yokwera mtengo yopangira malo. Mukungodziwa chomwe chisawawa chiri, sankhani mitundu yosiyanasiyana, moyenera ndikukula ndikutsatira malamulo oti musamalire.
