Kutengera kwa mipesa yamphesa ndi mildew kungasokoneze mbeu yonse, kotero bowa lovulaza likufalitsidwa mwakhama.
Koma masiku ano mankhwala ophera fungicide amatha kuteteza ngakhale mitundu yowonongeka ndi matenda.
Zizindikiro za mildew pa mphesa
Pa masamba:
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za mildew: mawanga omwe amaoneka achikasu kapena ofiira pa masamba a mphesa amaoneka, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mafuta. Pa masamba aang'ono, iwo ali pafupi kukula kwa khobiri, amawoneka ngati mabwalo, pa wakale, mawonekedwe azing'ono omwe amakhudzidwa ndi bowa amatambasula motsatira mitsempha.
Pambuyo pake, mycelium imawoneka ngati mandani yoyera kumbuyo kwa malo odetsedwa.
Pang'onopang'ono kachilombo masamba azipiringa, kupiringa.
Mafanana ndi dzina la mildew pa mphesa ndi: downy powdery mildew mphesa, Plasmopara Viticola, Plasmopara viticola Berl. ndi Toni, mildew, ndi zolemba zina: mildew, mildew
Pamagulu:
Inflorescences amakhala odwala chikasu. Maburashi owombedwa, tembenuza bulauni. Osapangidwe kuti aziuma.
Zipatso zomwe zatha kupitirira kukula kwa mtola, koma zisanakhale ndi ubwino wabwino, zimakhala zobiriwira, kenako zimakhala zofiirira ndipo zimawoneka ngati mpira wodulidwa ndi makwinya ooneka.
Mycelium imakula bwino pambali zonse za mpesa.
Chithunzi
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, zikuwoneka ngati mphesa za mildew zingakhale mu chithunzi pansipa:
Ndipo chithunzi chotsatirachi chimalongosola mwatsatanetsatane kayendetsedwe ka kufalikira kwa downy mildew:
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa
Mildew - matenda owopsa, omwe akufalikira mofulumira m'minda ya mpesa ku Ulaya.
Zimakula chifukwa cha bowa Plasmopar Viticola, yomwe inkawonekera ku Ulaya mu 1878 chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi njira zodzipatula za mphesa zakutchire zomwe zinabweretsedwa kwa alimi achifalansa ndi mbande za America phylloxera.
Kwazaka ziwiri, zizindikiro za matenda a minda ya mpesa ndi mildew zinkapezeka osati m'mitengo yambiri ya kum'mwera kwa France, komanso m'mabzala a alimi a Balkan ndi Caucasus.
Zosungunuka zam'madzi zozungulira zowonongeka pansi. Pamitengo ya mpesa imagwera pamodzi ndi zitsamba zam'mimba zomwe zimawomba kuchokera kumvula yamvula ikugwa pansi.
Matenda achiwiri kuchokera ku malo odwala kupita ku thanzi labwino, amapezeka onse ndi mvula komanso mothandizidwa ndi mphepo.
Kuyambira nthawi yomwe spore imagunda masamba mpaka zizindikiro zoyamba zikuwonekera, masiku 4 amatha ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pamwamba madigiri 24.
Njira zolimbana ndi njira zothandizira
Zotsatira zoyenera zimaperekedwa kokha ndi njira zothandizira panthawi yake, chifukwa pamene spore imagwera m'mamasamba, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zithane ndi matendawa.
Njira zoyenera:
Kuchotsa kupopera mbewu kwa nthaka pansi pa mpesa kuyenera kuchitika musanayambe mvula yoyamba yamasika, mwamsanga mipesa ikamangidwa ndipo nthaka imamasulidwa. Monga momwe mungathetsere mphesa za mtundu wa mildew mugwiritsire ntchito nitrofen, kufalitsa 400 g pa chidebe cha madzi khumi.
Pambuyo podzala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, dothi likulumikizidwa. Kumbali imodzi, izi zimapereka zowonjezera zowonjezera pakati pa mpesa ndi bowa pozembera pansi, pamtundu wina, zimachepetsa mvula ya mvula pansi.
Gwiritsani mphesa za nkhungu ndi foliar kupopera mbewu ndi systemic fungicide Ridomilpamene masamba 4 anawonekera pa mpesa.
Kubwezeretsanso kachidutswa kwa masango a m'tsogolomu ndi Bordeaux madzi musanayambe kupanga ming'alu akuyamba kuphulika kudzathandiza kupulumutsa mazira ndi kuteteza nyemba pamaso pa kusasitsa.
Kupewa
Kuteteza mphesa ku mildew:
Mu kugwa kuwotcha masamba onse okhudzidwa, amawombera (ngati matendawa adziwonetsera kale pa mpesa).
Pofuna kusungunula zitsamba: chitsulo kapena mkuwa sulphatePogwiritsa ntchito malangizowo molingana ndi malangizo, mankhwalawa amathandiza kulimbana ndi mildew wa mphesa ndi kuchepetsa kufalikira. M'chaka, nthaka imatulutsidwa ndi fungicide mwamsanga mutatulutsa nthaka pansi pa mphesa.
Ngakhale mitundu ya mphesa yosamalidwa ndi mildew imachiritsidwa kawiri konse: yoyamba pambali yoyamba masamba, kenako pambali yosakanikirana, atachotsa masamba ochuluka (ngati alipo) kuchokera ku chitsamba.
Musalole kuti mipesa ikuluikulu ikhale yopangidwa ndi masamba ambiri. Mukamabzala mbande, onetsetsani kuti mtundawo sunakwanike.
Musati mubzala zitsanzo zopanda chitetezo cha thupi, ngati mukuwopa kuti simungathe kuwatsuka panthawi yake. Onetsetsani kuti zomera zimakhala zokwanira potaziyamu.
Pamene mphutsi imapezeka pamphesa kumadera oyandikana nawo, imayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga mankhwala awo, kotero matenda opatsirana amatha kukhala ndi thandizo la mphepo.
Zothetsera zitsulo zingalowe m'malo ndi mankhwala: Ditan M 45, Mancotseb, Polycarbacin. Njirayi idzapulumutsa mphesa za mtundu wa mphutsi, zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zamkuwa zomwe zimatetezedwa.
Mu mvula yachilimwe, chiwerengero cha mankhwala akuwonjezeka pogwiritsira ntchito contactic systemic mankhwala: Oxy, Ridopolich, Mitsu. Chiwerengero chovomerezeka cha mankhwala pa nyengo nthawi zisanu ndi zitatu.
Mwezi umodzi usanayambe kubereka, mankhwalawa amaletsedwa.
Mitundu yoopsa
Mitundu ya mphesa yosavuta kwambiri:
- Kadinali
- Iran Shahin
- Kishmishi akuwoneka bwino
- Magaracha oyambirira
- Special
- Rizamat
Mphungu yamphesa ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, koma "kuyembekezera" kwa wolima munda kuti alakwitse ndi kuchepetsa ndi zotsutsana ndi bowa la American. Choncho, ngati chaka chatha matendawa adatenga gawo la zokolola, ndiye chaka chotsatira, khalani maso. Musalole spores, wintering pansi ndi masamba ogwa, omwe amakhalabe othandiza kwa zaka zisanu, komanso "idyani" mphesa zanu.
