Merlot mphesa ndizo mwazofunidwa kwambiri komanso zodziwika popambana. Lero likugawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Amalimbikitsidwa m'mayiko okhala ndi nyengo yabwino: kunyumba - ku France, ku Italy ndi Spain, pafupi ndi Portugal.
Kuchokera ku madera a ku Russia, kumene adayesa kulima mitundu ya Merlot, imakula bwino ku Krasnodar Territory.
Ku Ukraine, m'chigawo cha Odessa, ndi ku Moldova chaka chilichonse kukolola kochuluka kwa zokololazi kumasonkhana. Kuchokera m'mayiko ena kumene Merlot ndi wotchuka kwambiri, m'pofunika kutchula Croatia ndi Montenegro, nyanja ya Mediterranean ya Algeria, komanso USA (California) ndi Chile. Mphesa "Merlot" ndi mitundu ya Western Europe.
Merlot mphesa: zofotokozera zosiyanasiyana
"Merlot" ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa, ndiko kuti, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo osiyanasiyana. Zikhoza kudyedwa mwatsopano, koma sizingakhale ndi mitundu ya tebulo: khungu limaonedwa ngati lalifupi kwambiri, chilakolako cha khalidwe sichikondedwa ndi aliyense, ndipo mwa anthu ena chimayambitsa milomo youma ndi mkamwa.
Zina mwa mitundu yowonjezereka yomwe inayenera kuzindikiranso Levokumsky, Bianka ndi August.
Dzina Merlot akhoza kutanthauzidwa ngati kuchepetsa mawu a Chifalansa "Merle" - "mbalame yakuda".Mwinamwake, mphesa imatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa mtundu ndi hue wa zipatso zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa nthiti kapena maso a mbalame yamba. Chinthu chinanso ndi chifukwa mbalame zakutchire zimakonda mphesa zamitundu zosiyanasiyana ndikuzikonda kwa wina aliyense.
Mitengoyi imakhala yozungulira, yamdima wabuluu kapena pafupifupi wakuda, yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, inasonkhanitsidwa mumagulu akuluakulu. Zipatso zotsekedwa zimaphimbidwa ndi chovala choyera cha siliva, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mthunzi wa lilac. Madzi ndi wopanda mtundu.
Madzi amdima omwewo ali ndi Athos, Moldova ndi Delight Black.
Mu mabulosi kuchokera ku mbeu imodzi mpaka itatu (mbewu).
Maonekedwe a masangowa ndi conical kapena cylindro-conical, kuchuluka kwake ndikulingana. Masango akulu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthambi ya mbali - mapiko. Kutalika kwa Cluster kutalika ndi kulemera kwake - 15-17 masentimita ndi 120-150 magalamu motero.
Masambawa ndi ovuta, mawonekedwe okongola asanu, omwe ali ndi mapepala ozungulira omwe amawoneka ngati amodzi. Mtundu uli wobiriwira, nthawi zambiri ndi zosiyana zowala. Pamwamba pa pepalayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndi mthunzi wambiri wa mitsempha. M'madera am'mbuyo akuda kumapezeka masamba obiriwira. Pamphepete mwa pepalali muli ndi zingapo zing'onozing'ono mano atatu, okhwima kapena ozungulira. Mbali ya m'munsi ya masamba pang'ono amamasamba.
Chithunzi
Pa zithunzi m'munsiyi mukhoza kuona maonekedwe a mphesa za Merlot:
Chiyambi
Dziko lakwawo ndi Bordeaux mpesa ndi nyengo yabwino.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa DNA, zinakhazikitsidwa kuti "makolo" a Merlot zosiyanasiyana ndi mphesa za Cabernet Franc (fr. Cabernet franc) ndi Madeleine Noir de Charente (Fr. Magdeleine noire des Charentes).
Mosiyana ndi "abambo" otchuka, Cabernet Franc osiyanasiyana, "amayi" a "Merlot" osiyanasiyana adapezeka mu 1992. Umenewu unali mtundu wa chisokonezo: Pambuyo pake, kumpoto kwa Brittany, kumene anapeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa yomwe sichinaidziwitsidwe ndi sayansi, siinali ngati winemaking dera. Komabe, mphesa iyi idadziwika bwino kwa anthu. Iyo inafalikira molawirira, pa July 22, tsiku la Maria Mmagadala, ndipo analandira dzina kulemekeza woyera uyu.
Zizindikiro
Zojambula zosiyanasiyanazi medium frost kukana ndipo amadziwa kuti alibe chinyezi. Mu zaka youma amafunika kuthirira kwina.
Madzi okwanira amathandizidwanso mu Memory of Negrul, Romeo ndi Gordey.
Zosiyanasiyana "Merlot" kukula nyengo ndi:
- kwa vinyo wa tebulo - masiku 152;
- kwa vinyo wa mchere - masiku 164.
Avereji zokolola Merlot mphesa amawerengedwa 47 okwana / ha, otsiriza-mkati 57 kg / ha. Zokolola zimaonedwa kuti ndi zapamwamba ndi zowakhazikika, koma nambala yeniyeni ndi yosiyana kwambiri pofika kumadera osiyanasiyana.
Kukolola kumachitika mu September kapena Oktoba, makamaka kumadalira nyengo ya dera lililonse likukula komanso nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira.
Kuti musaphonye mphindi yomwe zipatso zabwino zimapindulitsa popambana, ndizozoloŵera kulawa mphesa kuyambira masiku oyambirira a September. Amasonkhanitsidwa pamagulu, monga kucha.
Matenda ndi mayendedwe
Merlot mphesa ndizotsutsana nazo mildew ndi zipatso zovunda. Tsoka ilo, lawonongeka kwambiri ndi matenda ena odziwika - oidium.
Kuteteza izi matenda a fungal mukamabzala mphesa mumaganizira za kayendetsedwe kake ka mphepo. Mizere imayendetsedwa kuti tchire zonse zikhale bwino. Kuyenda maulendo: 3.5 x 1.5 mamita kapena 4.0 x 2.0 mamita.
Nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zitsamba zomwe zimapereka kuwala ndi mpweya wabwino wa mbewu yonse. Ndikofunika kumasula nthaka nthawi ndi kusagwiritsa ntchito feteleza mineral feteleza.
Kulimbana oidium amayamba kumayambiriro kasupe, pamaso pa masamba pachimake. Zomera zimapulitsidwa ndi laimu-sulfure decoction, ikhoza kukhala yankho DNOC (onse awiri%).
M'chaka ndi chilimwe, sulfure spray amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukonzekera kotereku kumachitidwa musanayambe maluwa. Kutentha, kupopera mbewu kungapangidwe ndi nthaka sulfure pollination (yochitidwa m'mawa kapena madzulo).
Zotsatira za kukonzekera kwa sulfure sikukhala masiku osachepera 10-15, ndipo pambuyo pa mvula yambiri ndi zofunika kubwereza kuchiza.
Kukonzekera kwa sulufu kumatha kumaliza ntchito masiku 55-60 isanakwane.
Sichikupweteka kuti chitetezo chotsutsana ndi anthracnosis, chlorosis, bacteriosis ndi rubella, omwe ali wamba wodwala mphesa.
Zotsatira
Chifukwa cha madzi a mphesa "Merlot" amapanga mafuta ambiri a tebulo ndi vinyo wowonjezera. Mphesa "Merlot" amadziwika chifukwa cha khungu lochepa kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya mphesa, zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri zimadalira. tannins. Vinyo amachokera mwamsanga kuposa ena. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wawo wolemera, maluwa osazolowereka, maonekedwe olemera ndi kukoma kokoma.
M'zaka zozizira, Merlot amakula bwino kuposa "mpikisano wapafupi" - Cabernet Sauvignon, ndipo zaka zotentha zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri.
Merlot ndi Cabernet Sauvignon - mitundu iwiri ya mphesa, yotchuka kwambiri ndi yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Kulikonse, kumene mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakula "Merlot", kuchokera mmenemo amatenga vinyo wofiira kapena rosé ndi kukoma kopadera ndi fungo.
Mitundu ya "Vinyo" kawirikawiri imatchedwa Rkatsiteli, White Muscat, Chardonnay ndi Tempranillo.
