Zokolola ndi nyengo yozizira-zolimba za mitengo ya apulo

Munda uliwonse wa zipatso umafuna kuwonjezeredwa nthawi zonse. Mitengo imakalamba, imabala zipatso, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi imayenera kusinthidwa.

Ndi apulo wotani amene mungasankhe? Mtengo watsopano wa zipatso uyenera kukhala wobala, wozizira-wolimba, wotsutsana ndi matenda monga nkhanambo, ndi kubweretsa zokoma zowutsa mudyo.

Mosakayikira apulo zosiyanasiyana WachiwembuChithunzi ndi kufotokozera zomwe ziri mu nkhani yathu zili ndi makhalidwe onsewa.

Ndi mtundu wanji?

Wachiŵerengero amatanthauza kwa nyengo yozizira maapulo okhala ndi nyengo yakucha, yomwe inalembedwa ku bungwe la All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops of the Russian Academy of Sciences Sciences.

Mitundu iyi yavomerezedwa kuti idzalidwe Central Black Earth Region ya Russia ndi m'madera 6 Belarus mu 1989.

M'nyengo yozizira mitundu ya apulo ndi ya: Lada, Cliff, Rennet Simirenko, Snowdrop ndi Aport.

Kuwongolera

Apolisi Wachilombo ndizodzikonda kwambiri. Ndi mungu wochokera ku mungu wake, kotero sikutanthauza kuti pollination.

Mtengo uwu umathandiza mtengo wa zipatso kuti usadalire nyengo ndi kuthawa kwa njuchi ndi njuchi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizikhala bwino.

Mafotokozedwe osiyana mitundu

Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a apulo ndi zipatso.

Msilikali wamagetsi a Apple ali nawo kutalika kwapakatindiko kuti, kufika osati mamita atatu pamwamba. Apple korona ndi yosiyana mawonekedwe abwino.

Pakuti khungwa la nthambi ndi thunthu la mtengo ndi lofiira. Achinyamata owonda mphukira ndi amdima wofiira ndi mtundu wa pubescent. Pamagetsi atsopano, mphodza zilipo ngati zikwapulo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpweya. Mphukirayi imakhala yolimba kwambiri pa nthambi.

Masamba obiriwira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ophimba pang'ono, mapepala ang'onoang'ono ndi mafupiafupi. Tsamba la tsambali laphwanyidwa ndipo linayambika, pang'ono serrated pamphepete. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a mtengo wa apulo ali ojambula muzithunzi zoyera.

Maapulo osiyana mitundu zipatso zazikuluzikulu zolemera mpaka 160 g Mu mawonekedwe, iwo ali pang'ono yonyamulidwa, ndi pafupi ndi nsonga ya conical.

Tsamba la chipatsocho liri ndi dothi losalala kwambiri, limakhala losalala pang'ono ndipo liri ndi chobvala chofewa cha sera. Amadontho aatali kwambiri pamtambo.

Mitundu yayikulu ya maapulo ndi golide wonyezimira. Ikuphimbidwa ndi maonekedwe a phokoso la pinki mumapangidwe a mawanga omwe ali ndi mipiringidzo yambiri, strokes ndi specks.

Yamadzimadzi zipatso zamkati ali lokoma lokoma ndi wowawasa kukoma. Pa katswiri wodziwa, mapikidwe a maapulo a Wachiwiri anali kuchokera pa 4.3 mpaka 4.5 points pa mlingo wa 5-point.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri monga Anis, Medunitsa, Molodezhny, Fungo lokoma ndi Orlinka imasonyeza kukoma kwabwino komanso kupindula.

Kukolola maapulo Wachikulire akhoza kale mu September. Mu nyengo yozizira, zipatso zimasunga makhalidwe awo onse. mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira komanso ngakhale pang'ono.

Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mwatsopano, chipatsocho ndi choyenera kuteteza ndi mitundu ina ya processing (kupanikizana, kupanikizana, kupanikizana, etc.).

Chithunzi

Mbiri yobereka

Wachiŵerengero kalasi anali analandira ku Oryol chipatso chodyera gulu la obereketsa N. G. Krasov, M. V. Mikheev ndi E. N. Sedova.

Mtengo wa apulo unabzalidwa ndi kubzala mbewu zomwe zinapangidwa kuchokera ku ufulu wozizira wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya America Mfumu mu 1961.

Patatha zaka 8 mu 1969, mtengo woyamba wa apulo unabereka zipatso zoyamba, ndipo mu 1972 unali ndili pakati pa mitundu yayikulu.

Kenaka, mitundu yatsopano ya apulo yadutsa mayesero a boma. Kuyambira mu 1989 analola ulimi wake ku Russia.

Dera logawa

Kulima mitengo ya zipatso ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha nyengo yozizira yozizira, chifukwa nyengo yozizira ndi yachilendo ku Russia.

Mtengo wa Mtengo wa Apple ndi wosiyana medium frost kukana. Kuwonjezera apo Central Black Earth deraimakula bwino ndikubala zipatso Kumadera a kumpoto-kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera kwa Central Russia.

M'madera ena, kulima zida zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi chiopsezo cha mtengo ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo pamtunda woopsa, imfa ya apulo siidatchulidwe.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda monga //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html. Mtengo umenewu ndi wofunikira kwa kulima kwachilendo m'madera mkulu chinyezi, chifukwa nkhanambo nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mitengo ya zipatso.

Zosiyanasiyana ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo: Malt Bagaevsky, Narodny, Altai Bagryanaya, Berkutovsky ndi Venyaminovsky.

Pereka

Zinyama zosiyana ndi khalidwe zopanda pake ndi zokolola. Mitengo ya Apple imayamba kubereka zipatso kale pa chaka chachinayi kapena chachisanu.

Kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi wokhala ndi zaka 8 mukhoza kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi makilogalamu 60 a maapulo wowutsa mudyo, ndi pambuyo Zaka 13 mtengo umodzi wa apulo umatha kubweretsa kale 80 kg. Nthawi yokolola ikubwera pambuyo pa 15th September.

Komanso zokolola zabwino ndizosiyana: Knight, Welsey, Lobo, Imrus ndi Antey.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Mitengo ya Apple imabzalidwa masika kufikira maluwa ataphuka, kapena kugwa kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu isanayambe chisanu, kuti mtengowo ukhale ndi mizu. Ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kubzala. Amakhulupirira kuti pakali pano, sapling imayamba kuzoloŵera komanso bwino.

Ndi bwino kugula zokolola ndi mizu yotseguka kuti muthe kuyisanthula kuchokera kumbali zonse.

Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa sapling wamkulu wodzaza ndi nyengo monga zofanana ndi zanu.

Mtengo wa Apple, womwe wabweretsa kuchokera kumadera ena akummwera, amachotsa ululu ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Kuonjezera apo, zingatenge zaka zingapo kutengera mtengo ku zovuta kwambiri, ndipo fruiting ya mtengo wa apulo idzabwera mtsogolo.

Ndikofunikira!Kusankha sapling, ndi kugula ayenera kumvetsera mizu yake. Momwe mizu imayambira, mofulumira mtengo wa apulo udzakhazikika.

Malo a mtengo wa apulo amasankhidwa kutseguka ndi dzuwa, momwe madzi sadzasungira mvula yambiri. Kwambiri zosayenera malo a mitengo ndi madzi apansi.

Apo ayi, zidzasokoneza chitukuko cha mbewu ndi zokolola zake. Nthaka imakhala makamaka chonde chachonde kapena loamy.

Kudyetsa mbande za apulo Wachirombo amachitira motere:

Timakonza dzenje kuti tipeze mitengo yopuma. Mukamabzala m'dzinja, ndibwino kuti muziphika mwezi umodzi.

Mpaka wabwino kwambiri wa dzenje ndi pafupifupi 80 cm m'lifupi, kutalika ndi kuya kwake. Mipanga imachita bwino. Ngati pali mbande zingapo, timakhala pafupifupi mamita 4 mtunda pakati pawo.

Lembani dzenje ndi chisakanizo cha nthaka. Timapanga kuchokera pamwamba wosanjikiza dothi, kompositi, manyowa akale ovunda, humus ndi 0,5 malita a phulusa.

Ngati nthaka ndi dongo, onjezerani mchenga wochuluka mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. 150 kapena 200 g ya feteleza (potashi ndi superphosphate) amawonjezeredwa ku osakaniza..

Simungathe kupanga nayitrogeni feteleza ndi laimu, zomwe zingatenthe mizu ya mbande.

Lembani dzenje ndi zigawo 20 masentimita iliyonse. Ndikofunika kudzaza dzenje ndi "phiri".

Patapita mwezi umodzi, dziko lapansi likatha, timabzala sapling. Dulani pansi pogwiritsa ntchito mizu ya mbewu. Timayendetsa pakati pa mtengo kuti timangirire thunthu.

Gawo la pansi la cola liyenera kukhala lopserezedwa kuti lisapezeke. Iye ayenera 70 cm kuti ayankhule pamwamba pa nthaka.

Pansi pa dzenje lomwe timapanga phokoso, tiikeni mtengo wa apulo pa iyo ndikuwongolera mizu.

Timadzaza dzenje ndi nthaka, ndikuigwedeza pang'ono, kuti nthaka idzaze ma void omwe amapangidwa pakati pa mizu.

Timalumikiza dziko lapansi mozungulira mtengo, koma musakhale achangu kuti muthe kuswa mizu.

Timamangirira mtengo wa apulo pamtengo ndi thumba lachisanu ndi chitatu.

Timatsanulira dzenje ndi madzi awiri kapena atatu kuzungulira thunthu la nthaka yonyansa kapena humus. Pakatha masabata angapo, kuthirira kumafunika kubwerezedwa.

Ndikofunikira! Mukamadzala mmera, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mizu yake imatuluka pamwamba pa nthaka yosachepera 5 masentimita. Kudera kumeneku kuchoka ku thunthu kupita ku mizu kumatha kusintha ndi kusintha kwa mthunzi wa makungwa kuti ukhale bulauni.

Kuti mtengo wamapulo wa apulowe ukhale mwamsanga, ukhale wathanzi ndipo ubweretse bwino nthawi yotsatira, uyenera kuupatsa ntchito zambiri, chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro.

Kusamalira mtengo ndi motere:

Kuthirira Kuthirira bwino kumawonjezereka ndi 25%, kapena ngakhale 40%. Mu nyengo yowuma, mitengo ya mapulo ndi mitengo ya apulo imayenera kuthiriridwa ndi 2 zidebe zamadzi masiku khumi.

Mitengo yokhwima ikulimbikitsidwa kuti imwe madzi 4 nthawiyi. Yoyamba - tsamba lisanayambe. Chachiwiri - masabata angapo mutatha maluwa. Chachitatu - masabata angapo musanakolole, ndipo chachinayi - mu October.

Mitengo yothirira mtengo umodzi: pakakhala chaka chimodzi - pafupifupi 3 zidebe zamadzi, ali ndi zaka 3-5 - kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 8 ndowa, ali ndi zaka 6-10 - kuyambira 12 mpaka 15 ndowa. Mukhoza kuthirira njira yowonongeka, komanso njira yokonzera.

Kutsegula nthaka. Njirayi imapereka mpweya ku mizu ya mtengo wa zipatso, imakhala ndi chinyezi ndipo imathandiza kuthetsa namsongole. Ndikofunika kumasula bwalo la thunthu pambuyo pa kuthirira kulikonse.

Mbewu. Ichi ndi chigawo china cha kupambana, ndiko kuti, kukolola bwino. Kukonzekera bwino kasupe kungapangitse ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa fruiting.

Kudulira koyamba kukuchitika mwamsanga mutabzala nyemba pansi. Maluwa aang'ono amatsalira m'munsi mwa mtengo, ndipo pamwamba pa mtengo waukulu wadulidwa.

Mu mitengo ya apulo ndi yapamwamba, magawo awiri mwa atatu a kutalika kwa nthambi amasiyidwa pamene akudulira. Ndi zofunika kusiya masamba aakulu kunja kwa nthambi. Izi ndi zofunika kuti apange korona yoyenera.

Mu mitengo yobala zipatso, mbali imodzi ya nthambi imachotsedwa m'njira korona ndi 75 peresenti yachepa. Kupukuta kwake kumakupatsani inu kuchotsa njira yopita ku chipatso cha dzuwa.

Ali m'njira, nthambi zonse zouma za apulo zimadulidwa. Kudula kumakonzedwa ndi phula la munda. M'mitengo yaing'ono, mankhwalawa amapangidwa tsiku lokha. Munsi nthambi za apulo sizidulidwa.

Feteleza. Ngati mutabzala feteleza munthaka, m'zaka zitatu zoyambirira zimakhala bwino mwamsanga kumapeto kwa kasupe kudyetsa mtengo wa apulo ndi zinthu zofunikira monga mawonekedwe a manyowa kapena kompositi.

Ngati mtengo uli ndi kasupe Mitengo yofooka ikhoza kuwonetsedwa, mukhoza kubwereza kudyetsa m'nyengo yachilimwe. Maapulo a fruiting pachaka mu kugwa amadyetsedwa ndi phosphate, potashi ndi feteleza feteleza.

Mlingo woyenera kwambiri umasonyezedwa pa phukusi. Ngati dothi liri losauka, mutatha maluwa, ndibwino kudyetsa mtengo wa apulo ndi feteleza.

Mwa ichi mungagwiritse ntchito, mwachitsanzo, slurry kapena yankho la zitosi za mbalame zowonongeka ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10. Feteleza ayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi ulimi wothirira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kupyola m'mphepete mwa thunthu.

Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Pamaso pa oyamba frosts, mtengo wamtengo wapakati kuzungulira ndi mulch ndi peat, utuchi, humus kapena kompositi.

Kuteteza motsutsana ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi mtengo wa hares atakulungidwa mu nthambi za spruce. Pachifukwachi mungagwiritsenso ntchito bango kapena zikopa zingapo.

Kuwonjezera apo, thunthu la mtengo wachinyamata limayeretsedwa ndi yankho la choko. Mphungu ya laimu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitengo ya apulo yokhwima.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Apple Wachimbamtima sagonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo, koma imayesedwa ndi tizirombo zambiri.

Izi zikuphatikizapo goleti ya golide, zipatso za njenjete, aphid, sucker, ntchentche, ntchentche, ntchentche, hawthorn miner ndi silkworm - ndipo izi siziri mndandanda wonse.

Tizilombo timayambitsa mavuto aakulu osati mtengo wokha, komanso mbewu, kuchepetsa chisanu chaza apulo, kukana matenda, fruiting ndi khalidwe la zipatso.

Kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumayamba ndi njira zothandizira:

• mzere wamtundu wamkati, kuyera koyera;
• Kutchetchera kasupe kwa nthambi, kuchiza mabala, kusonkhanitsa nyama, kutsuka makungwa akale;
• Kupopera mbewu kumbali ya phesi ndi mitengo yodabwitsa (Bordeaux madzi, 3% nitrafen, ndi zina zotero) ndi cholinga choononga tizilombo toyambitsa njuchi, mazira ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Powonongeka kwa tizilombo tizilombo ta apulo ndi zofunikira zoyenera. Komabe, ntchito imeneyi iyenera kuchitika molingana ndi malangizo kuti asamawononge tsogolo labwino.

Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsa ntchito maapulo ndi kukonzekera kosiyanasiyana kumachitika patapita mwezi umodzi usanakolole.

Matenda omwe amafala kwambiri pa apulo:

Mame a Mealy - Malipiro oyera a Mealy kumadera onse a chomera.

Chithandizo: masika - mankhwala ndi Topaz kapena Skor, mutatha maluwa ndi kukonzekera mkuwa, mutatha kukolola ndi Bordeaux osakaniza.

Cytosporosis - kuoneka kwa mtengo wa zilonda zofiira zofiira pamakungwa, kenako makungwawo amafa ndi nthambi ndipo mtengowo ukhoza kufa.

Chithandizo: mankhwala ndi Hom mu April pa nthawi ya Mphuphu kutupa ndi pambuyo maluwa. Musanayambe maluwa, ndi zofunika kuti muzitha kuchiza chomeracho ndi mkuwa sulphate.

Zipatso Zokongola - maphunziro pa zipatso za bulauni.

Chithandizo: kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zipatso za matenda, chithandizo ndi kukonzekera "Hom" pa nthawi ya tsamba likukula ndi pambuyo pa maluwa

Ngati nyengo ya dera lanu ikulola, pitani m'munda mwanu mtengo wa apulo wotchedwa Wachikulire. Mukamayang'anitsitsa mosamala kwambiri, mtengo wa zipatso umakupatsani zipatso zobiriwira komanso zokoma.