Chinese belfleur - mchere wotchuka wa maapuloamene adalandira ulemu wawo wonse zokonda ndi kukula kokongola kwa maapulo.
Koma zipatso za Bellefleur Chinese zili zokongola kwambiri moti zidzakhala nkhani yolemekezeka kukula kwa munda aliyense! Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi pamapeto pake.
Ndi mtundu wanji umene ukutanthauza
Chinese Belfleur - apulo zosiyanasiyana zamasamba-kakulidwe m'madera kum'mwera kwa gawo la Ulaya ku mbali ya Russia.
Pakatikati pambali imatanthauzira mitundu ya autumn, kum'mwera - mpaka kumapeto.
Yachotsedwa ndi Michurin mwiniwakeMtengo uwu wa apulo unali wotchuka kwambiri ndipo unkafala m'minda yathu.
Mwatsoka, sakanatha kulimbana ndi mitundu yatsopano, zambiri zolimbana ndi kuzizira ndi matenda.
Onani mitundu ina ya apulo mitundu: Aelita, Gala, Lyubava.
Kuwongolera
Mitengo yabwino yopanga mungu wochokera ku Bellefleur Chinese ndi izi: Nthano yamtengo wapatali wa mandinoni, Yophukira yowumitsa, Antonovka wamba, Safironi ya Chinese. Zodalirika: Slavyanka, safironi ya Pepin.
Tsatanetsatane wa Bellefleur China zosiyanasiyana
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a apulo ndi chipatso chomwecho.
Mitengo wamtali, wamphamvu. Korona umapangidwa ndi nthambi zazikulu, mu mawonekedwe kuzungulira ndi kuzungulira. Mitengo ya Apple imabereka zipatso makamaka pazitali ndi zochepa zipatso za nthambi, komanso kumapeto kwa mphukira chaka chatha.
Mphukira ili ndi kuwala kofiirira mtundu wofiira tinge, wamphamvu-tiyeni.
Mphuno pa mphukira ndi yaying'ono, kuzungulira. Mtundu wa masamba pafupi ndi mdima imvi.
Masamba ndi aakulu, ali ndi maziko ozungulira, oval kapena ovate mawonekedwe, kwambiri pubescent.
Tsamba lam'mwamba limakhala lakuda, lopindika kwambiri, masambawa amamangiriridwa pamtunda waukulu.
Mphepete mwa masamba ndiwopseza, wathyoka. Pali kusiyana pakati pa mano, malingana ndi dera la kukula: mano opangidwa ndi mpanda pakati ndi madera a Lower Volga ndi kum'mwera.
Ma petioles ali wandiweyani, apakatikati. Pali mapepala ang'onoang'ono a mawonekedwe a lanceolate.
M'minda, mbande ndizitali, ndi makungwa ofiira. Masamba pamphukira amakula 90º mogwirizana ndi phesi.
Zipatso za mitengo yaing'ono ya apulo ndi zazikulu kwambiri. (200-300 g)khalani ang'onoang'ono ndi zaka (120-200 g).
Nthawi zina maapulo amatha kukula pakati pa 500-600 g.
Zipatso zili ponseponse, zimakhala zochepa, makamaka zimang'ambika m'kati mwake. Calyx anatseka.
Sakisi ndi yaying'ono, yopapatiza, ndi mapepala. Phokoso lakuya la sing'anga m'mimba mwake.
Nthawi zina khungu la mphuno limatentha. Tsinde ndi la kutalika ndi kukula kwake, chipatso chapakati chiri ndifupikitsa (musapitirire pamphepete mwa mphiri). Zipinda zambewu zimatsekedwa kapena theka lotseguka.
Chisa cha mbewu chili pafupi kwambiri. Mbewu za mpendadzuwa ndi zazikulu, zothamanga, zakuda.
Podchashechnaya tubule mokwanira. Phukusili ndilolumikiza makina ozungulira.
Mtundu waukulu wa chipatsocho ndi wobiriwira, woyeretsa panthawi yakucha.
Mtundu wotsekemera: pamtundu wofiira wofiira umataya chikasu chofiira chofiira chimene chimatenga pafupifupi theka la lonse la chipatsocho.
Odziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zambiri zowala zogonjetsa.
Nyama ndi yowutsa, yonyezimira, yofiira mu kapangidwe, bwino.
Kulawa kumapweteketsa ndi zokometsera zapadera. Zipatso zimakhala ndi zokoma zotsitsimula kwambiri.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Zolemba za wolemba zomwe anazipeza ndi wasayansi woposa wa Russia I.V. Michurin mu 1908.
Chifukwa cha kuwoloka American Belfleur chikasu ndi lalikulu-fruited chinese kalasiyo inasinthidwa kwambiri ku nyengo yovuta ya Russia poyerekeza ndi Belfleur chikasu.
Chigawo chokula
Mtundu unali omwe amapezeka m'madera ozungulira Central Chernozem ndi North Caucasus, Ukraine, Armenia.
Poyamba, idali yofalitsidwa kwambiri mu Lower Volga ndi pafupi Khoti la Central Chernozem, ndi kum'mwera kwa gawo la Ulaya la Russia linagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chilimwe.
Pang'onopang'ono, pamene kutuluka kwa mitundu yatsopano, kulimbana ndi chisanu ndi matenda, kwatayika kale.
Bellefleur Chinese ali pafupifupi chisanu kukana mitengo yomwe ili m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia Kuzizira kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, ndipo nyengo yamvula imakhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo.
Pakalipano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito Dera la North Caucasus.
Dziwani zambiri za mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya apulo yoyenera kulima m'madera awa: Avgusta, Melba, Idared, Antonovka mchere, Golden Delicious, Hrusovka yozizira.
Pereka
Zimapereka kusinthasintha kuchokera pamtunda (pakati pa msewu) kupita kumtunda (kumwera). Kumadera akum'mwera a dera lamkati, mitengo yambiri ili ndi zochepa zokolola mpaka zaka 14 mpaka 15.
Pambuyo pa zaka 20 zokolola zimakula mpaka 150-200 olemera pa hekitala. Mitengo ya Apple imayamba kubereka zipatso mochedwa, pafupifupi kwa zaka 6-8. Chaka chilichonse fructification, nthawi yamakono ndi yofooka.
Zipatso zimachotsedwa mu zaka khumi zoyambirira za September. Ngakhale lalikulu kwambiri Zipatso zimagwira mwamphamvu pa nthambi, musagwedezeke. Kufunika kwakukulu kwa zosiyanasiyana ndi kukoma kwake.
Maapulo amatenga bwino kwambiri atakalamba. mkati mwa masabata 2-3 mutatha kuchotsedwa. Zipatso zimalolera kuyenda.
Kwa yosungirako, zipatso zimasankhidwa ndi kukula, kutengedwa mosasunthika, popanda nsanganizo ndi zokhala. Maapulo amaikidwa mabokosi amtengo ndi kutsukidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena pansi.
Kusungira mitundu ya autumn optimum kutentha ndi pafupi 0ºะก. Zikatero, Bellefleur Chinese akhoza kusungidwa mpaka kufika pa January, ndipo kawirikawiri mpaka pakati pa November - kumayambiriro kwa December.
Zipatso zazikuluzikuluzi zimabweretsa makamaka ethylene, kotero ziyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi zipatso zina ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera maapulo a Bellefleur Chinese m'masiku amakono akuganiziridwa kulima mwa mawonekedwe a katemera.
Kotero mungathe kupewa zolakwa zonse zomwe zimapangidwa muzinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Kuti muchite izi, pangani katemera angapo mu korona wa chisanu chosagwira apulo mitundu.
Osayenera pa cholinga ichi Antonovka, chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa China.
Apple Bellefleur Chinese ikhoza kukula bwino kuchokera ku mbewu popanda kugwiritsa ntchito grafts.
Iwo ali pakati pa mitundu yomwe imapereka kuchulukitsa kwa mbande ndi chikhalidwe, ngakhale popanda kusamala mikhalidwe yapadera pamene kusonkhanitsa mbewu.
Njira yofulumira komanso yosavuta kuti ikule mtengo wa Bellefleur Chinese ndi kugula sapling. Gulani mbande zokha mu malo ovomerezeka omwe amakhalaIchi ndi chitsimikizo kuti mtengo wa apulo udzakhala adasinthidwa ndi nyengo yapafupi.
Wamng'ono mmera, ndi bwino. Musanayambe kutumiza, yesetsani kusunga chinyezi: Manga mizu ndi moss, nsalu yonyowa kapena pepala, ndi kukulunga mu polyethylene.
Mukamagula mmera mosamala Yang'anani mozungulira iye ndikuonetsetsa kuti ali ndi mizu yathanzi.
Kubzala kumachitika mu kasupe kapena yophukira mwa njira yoyenera. Pakatikati mwa njira makamaka nyengo yamasika. Mitengo imabzalidwa patali osachepera 4-6 mamita osapitilira 50 mamita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake poyamitsa mungu.
Kuti mukhale ndi mitengo yonse ya apulo, nthaka yopanda ndale, yomwe imakhala ndi feteleza yomwe ili ndi potaziyamu ndi zowonongeka kwambiri. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira bwino. Mpando wa mmera ukukonzekera pasadakhale.
Ngati dzikolo liri lachonde, mitengoyo imabzalidwa mumenje.
Pa loam, mchenga, nthaka yakuda amachotsa pamwamba pa nthaka ndikupanga zochepa mu masentimita 15-20
Pa dothi la mchenga kukonzekera malo akuluakulu. pafupifupi masentimita 80 ikani pansi, moss kuti asunge chinyezi ndi zakudya, agone pamwamba pa nthaka yachonde.
Kubzala kwachitika chaka chamawa.
Mu mchenga, mchenga ndi podzolic dothi amapereka organic fetereza - kompositi kapena manyowa.
Kumbukirani kuti feteleza wa mchere ndi manyowa atsopano sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji pakubzala, chifukwa akhoza kuyambitsa kuyaka.
Kuphika, peat, komanso madontho ozizira omwe ali ndi madzi apansi si abwino kwa mitengo ya apulo.
Pa dothi limeneli lodzala konzani phiri lamtunduwu.
Kufika kumakhala bwino kwambiri. Mtengowo umabzalidwa ndi msomali, womwe umayendetsedwa pakatikati pa dzenje lodzala.
Mizu ya mmerayo imafalikira pang'onopang'ono pamtengo ndipo pang'onopang'ono imadetsedwa ndi dziko lapansi. Khosi lazu liyenera kukhala la 3-5 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka..
Musati muike malirewo, izo zidzaipitsa kukula kwake ndipo zingayambitse imfa.
Mutabzala, mmerawo umangokhala womangirira. Nthaka itatha, mtengowo umangidwa mosamala, koposa zonse. mothandizidwa ndi zingwe zitatu.
Mutangoyamba kubzala, mmera umathiriridwa mochuluka, ngakhale mvula yamvula.
Pachifukwa ichi, pamphepete mwa maenje mumapanga dzenje. Mitengo ina ya apulo perekani madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
Kusunga chinyezi kumathera nthaka mulching utuchi, makungwa, ndowe kapena filimu yakuda.
Mu kasupe, mitengo ya apulo imakhala yoyera kutsuka kuti zisawotchedwe, ndizofunika kwambiri kuchita izi nyengo za nyengo.
Kukolola bwino ndi kupewa matenda nthawi zonse Chitani mitengo.
M'chaka, kudulira kunachepetsedwa kuti kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zouma, chifukwa ndi zosayenera kuvulaza pa nthawi yopuma.
Krona imapangidwa mu kugwa kumapeto kwa fruiting. M'nyengo yophukira kudulira, nthambi zimfupikitsidwa ndi kupopedwa, ndipo zouma zimachotsedwa. Lamulo lalikulu pamene akudulira: chotsani mpikisano ndi thunthu lapakati, nthambi zowonjezereka, zikuchoka mopanda malire. Gawo lachivundikiro cha munda.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chinese belfleur ali otsika kukana matenda a fungal: nkhanambo ndi powdery mildew. Makamaka zimakhudzidwa ndi zipatso za nkhanambo, ndi masamba ochepa.
Pofuna kupewa matenda, mitengo iyenera kuyesedwa pamtunda wokwanira, kupewa kuthamanga kwa korona. Nkhanambo imakhala ngati mawanga wakuda ndi kukula pa masamba poyamba, ndiyeno pa zipatso.
Masamba odwala ndi ofunikira nthawi yomweyo chotsani ndi kuwotcha.
Mame a Mealy amasonyeza kumayambiriro kasupe ngati wandiweyani woyera pachimake pa masamba, mphukira ndi inflorescences.
Patapita nthawi, chipikacho chimawombera, kupeza chofiira chofiira, masamba okhudzidwa omwe amawonongeka ndi kufa.
Pa chipatso choyeracho chimapangidwira kukhala matope okhwima.
Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe apadera pofuna kupewa ndi chithandizo cha bowa.
Kutaya katatu ndi fungicides. kapena Bordeaux madzi, mungagwiritsenso ntchito bwino mbadwo watsopano wa mankhwala "Garden Garden", "Chikoka", "Zircon".
Amaonjezera kukana kwa nkhanambo ndi powdery mildew, komanso amateteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo palibe vuto kwa anthu.
Kudyetsa mitengo ndi fetashi ndi feteleza phosphate kumawonjezera kukaniza kwa matenda, pamene owonjezera nayitrogeni, mosiyana, amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha matenda.
Pakalipano, Bellefleur Chinese imakula mochuluka zosiyana siyana. Zina mwazitsulo - zazikulu kutalika kwa mitengo.
Zolephera zambiri zosiyana ndizo otsika chisanu kukana pakatikati, kumayamba mofulumira kwa fruiting ndi zochepa zokolola, komanso kutengeka kwambiri kwa nkhanambo ndi matenda ena.
Pankhaniyi, m'madera akumidzi a Russia akhoza kulimbikitsa kulima Belfleur-Chinese mwa mawonekedwe a katemera.
Penyani kanema pa zomwe powdery mildew ndi: njira zothandizira ndi kupewa.
