Aliyense amadziwa kuti mtengo wa apulo ndiwo malo ambiri omwe amapezeka ku Russia. Zimalekerera bwino ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana ndi nthaka.
Malo otsika ndi madambo okha si abwino, chifukwa maluwawo akhoza kuonongeka ndi kubwerera kwa chisanu.
Kulongosola zosiyanasiyana Antonovka Dessert
Sankhani Antonovka Dessert ndi nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zonse fruiting imayamba kwa chaka chachitatu pambuyo kutsika. Ndi ozizira kwambiri, kukana ndi nkhanambo.
Palinso mitundu yozizira yomwe imatchuka ndi wamaluwa. Mwachitsanzo, Antey, Aport, Renet Simirenko, Golden Delicious ndi Granny Smith.
Mtengo wamkati wandiweyani ndi korona wamba, kudutsa ndi msinkhu mawonekedwe a mpira. Zovuta, masamba ovate a chobiriwira chobiriwira ndi jagged m'mphepete ndi makwinya pamwamba.
Maluwa akuluakulu ndi obiriwira m'chaka amakongoletsa osati mtengo wokha, koma malo onse.
Zipatso ndizozungulira, mtundu wonyezimira wonyezimira ndi mthunzi wofiira. Kulemera - mpaka 200 g. Manyowa ali ndi lokoma ndi wowawasa kukoma, yowutsa mudyo, onunkhira.
Kusasinthasintha ndi kusamalidwa. Kulawa kuyesa - 4.2 mfundo.
Maapulo a mitundu iyi ali ndi shuga, kuphatikizapo shuga; ma acid acids (citric, tartaric, malic, etc.); pectins; mafuta ofunikira; mavitamini A, C, B1; zamagazi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi macroelements (zamkuwa, chitsulo, magnesium, potassium, calcium, ayodini, etc.).
Kuwonjezera pa zakudya zatsopano, zouma, zophikidwa, zosinthidwa mu madzi, compote, vinyo, cider, kupanikizana.
Kukhalapo kwa pectin kukulolani kugwiritsa ntchito chipatso chopanga jelly, kupanikizana, mousse, kupanikizana, kudzaza ma pies.
Mu mawonekedwe a zipatso zouma, iwo ndi gwero la mchere wamchere (mpaka 0,5%), shuga wambiri (digestible 10%), ndipo mbewu za apulo imodzi zimapereka thupi kudya kwa ayodini tsiku ndi tsiku.
Zosangalatsa ndi fungo losakanizika la dessert Antonovka likuwonetseredwa kwathunthu nthawi yosungirako - zimakhala zovuta kuzigwira pa zipatso zatsopano.
Mitundu yotsatira ikuwonetsanso kukoma kwakukulu ndi kupindula: Orlinka, Orlovsky Mpainiya, Aromatny, Moscow Winter ndi Young Naturalist.
Mbiri yobereka
Wofalitsa S.I.Isaev gulu linapangidwa Antonovka mchere kuchoka Safironi Pepina ndi Antonovka wamba.
Fomu mwachizolowezi Antonovka, ndi kulawa zokoma, zipatso ndi zazikulu koma yovuta hardiness ndi yochepa.
Mtundu wa chipatsocho ndi wachikasu-chikasu ndi mtundu wofiira wofiira, wochokera ku zosiyanasiyana Safron ya Pepin.
Kukula kwachilengedwe kudera
Kuwonjezera pa dziko la Russia ndi Belarus, limapezeka m'dera la Volga ndi Ukraine, kumpoto kwa Black Soil Region.
Kubereketsa Antonov mchere malo abwino monga: Orel, Tambov, Bryansk, Smolensk, Moscow, Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga, Lipetsk, Penza, Kursk, Voronezh.
M'mizinda, Altai, Far East ndi Siberia, imangowonjezeka pamatangadza osasana ndi mchere kapena pansi.
Pereka
Kubala zipatso kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi kuyambira makilogalamu 40 mpaka 120. Zipatso zimayamba kuwombera mu September, kukwera kwa malonda kumabwera mwezi. Ndi kusunga bwino kusonkhanitsa ndi kusungirako mbeu kumakhalabe wangwiro mpaka kumapeto kwa March.
Kukolola kwa dzinja, Oryol Polesie, Petrova Dessert, Uspensky ndi Stroyevsky amasonyeza bwino kwambiri zokolola ndi kusungirako bata.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Mukamabzala mtengo uliwonse wa zipatso, m'pofunika kuganizira zinthu monga nthawi komanso malo abwino. Ichi ndi chitsimikizo kuti mtengo wanu wa apulo udzabala zipatso bwino ndipo idzakondweretsa inu ndi zipatso zake.
Pansi pa mitengo ya apulo, chiwembu chimasankhidwa kotero kuti mtunda pakati pawo ndi 5-6 mamita ndi kuchokera kumalire malire - osati mamita atatu. Mukamapanga chisoti chochepa, zigawozi zikuwonjezeka.
Madzi akumtunda ayenera kuikidwa m'manda palibe pafupi ndi mamita 3 pamwamba pa dziko lapansi. Dothi lokongola kwambiri la chikhalidwe ndilo loam ndi mchenga loam.
Dothi lakuda limasinthidwa ndi mchenga waukulu wa mtsinje, mchenga - dothi. Ndipo kwa iwo, ndipo kwa ena amawonjezera peat, kompositi, humus.
Mukamagula sapling, muyenera kulemba mbali yomwe inayang'ana kumwera pamene iye anakulira pamalo omwewo, ndikumubzala iye malo okhazikika.
Mtengo wa apulo umabzalidwa mu kasupe (kumapeto kwa zaka khumi za April) komanso m'dzinja (kumapeto kwa September - oyambirira a October).
Kuyala maenje amalembedwa pamtambo wotambasula bwino ndikuyendetsa nkhumba pamalo awo. Kenaka tulutsani nthaka ku kuya 50 cm ndi 100 masentimita awiri.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, chomera chachonde chimapindikizidwa kumbali imodzi, ndipo dongo kapena mchenga wa mchenga ndi winayo (sagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi ina).
Pamene dzenje liri lokonzekera, chigawo chachikulu cha mpanda chimayendetsedwa pakati. 130 masentimita ndi masentimita 5-6 wandiweyani ndi chizindikiro cha pamwamba. Tsamba ili lidzakhala mizu ya msuzi ya sapling.
Gombe liri labwino lakhumi chisakanizo ndi kupondaponda pansi.
Mtunda wadothi umayendetsedwa ndi mpanda wa picket ndipo mizu imafalikirapo momwe thunthu ilili kumpoto kuchoka pa bar ndi sanatenthe dzuwa. Kuika khosi pamutu ndi chizindikiro, mizu imagona tulo.
Muzu wa mizu - malo osinthira thunthu ku mizu, ali ndi mtundu wosayenerera. Ngati chomeracho si rozari, ndiye kuti oyamba kumene akhoza kusokoneza ndi malo. katemerazomwe zimatchulidwa ndipo zimawoneka ngati caper.
Koma nthawi zonse imapezeka. 10-12 masentimita pamwamba pa mizu ya mizu. Ngati katemera ali ndi harni, iyenera kuchotsedwa musanayambe kukwera.
Pamene dzenje lidzadzaza pafupifupi kwathunthu (5 masentimita pamwamba), mmera umangowonjezera pang'ono kuti mizu izuke pang'ono pamwamba pake.
Pambuyo pa shrinkage ya nthaka, idzaima pamalo abwino.
Tsopano dzenje likugona kwathunthu ndi madzi ambiri. (3-4 zidebe zamadzi) mu 2-3 mapepala, mulch ndi peat kapena humus komanso womangidwa ndi masoka twine ku picket mpanda.
Mwezi woyamba ndi hafu idadzamwe madzi kamodzi 10 l pa sabata.
Pofuna kupewa kuvulaza thumba la mbewa atakulungidwa mu makungwa kapena kuika nylon.
Kuyambira dzuwa ndi tizirombo shtamb bleached woyera ndi mkuwa sulphate mu masitepe awiri.
Shtambom amachitcha mbali ya mtengo kuchokera pansi pamtengowo nthambi mpaka muzu wa mizu.
Kusamalira mbande mu chaka choyamba mutabzala ndi motere:
- Kudulira mitengo kwakanthawi;
- Feteleza;
- Kutsegula (perekopka) magudumu;
- Chitetezo pa tizirombo ndi matenda;
- Kuthirira;
- Kudzetsa udzu.
Chomera cha chaka choyamba mutabzala, kudulira sikofunikira, mphukira zokha zowonongeka zimachotsedwa ndikupanga mafupa a mtengo wamtsogolo.
Ntchito izi zimapanga pamaso impso zisadzutse.
Mapangidwe ndi kugwirizanitsidwa kwa nthambi za chigoba za pakatikati ndikupanga kuchotsa mphukira mkati mwa korona.
Pokhapokha ngati dzenjelo lidzadzazidwa bwino, feteleza sichigwiritsidwe ntchito zaka ziwiri zoyambirira. kupatula nayitrogeni - imayambitsa kukula kwa mphukira.
Manyowa a nayitrogeni amapereka mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa JulyApo ayi mphukira siidzakhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse chisanu ndikufa.
Bwalo la Pristvolny limamasuka momasuka pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira ndi kuwonjezera mulch monga mukufunikira.
Nthawi zonse chotsani namsongole ndikusakaniza dothi malingana ndi nyengo, kuwononga tizirombo ndi kuchita Kuteteza kupopera mankhwala motsutsana ndi matenda.
Antonovka mchere amafunikira kwambiri kudulira kwazing'ono - imachotsa mbali yokha ya zopindulitsa zomwe zilibe chiyembekezo; Kuwombera kumbuyo kapena kudulidwa kuphuka, kuti akhale nthambi zodzaza ndi fruiting.
Pofika kumanja mapamwamba (2.5-4 mamita)Pofuna kuimitsa kukula kwa mtengo, iwo amachotsa pakati pamtunda kuchokera pamwamba, ndikusamutsira ntchito ku nthambi ya pambali (2-3rd kuchokera pamwamba).
Kukonza ndi kupanga kumachitika kokha lakuthwa ndi ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chida.
Mabala onse operekedwa pamtengo amaphimbidwa kupaka munda kapena kudzoza mafuta pa mafuta odzola.
Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa kasupe Q1 m. magulu a gudumu (kukonzedwa korona).
Iwo amaikidwa mofanana mu nthaka kuya 5 masentimita, pafupi ndi phokoso la bwalo la thunthu, popeza mizu yaying'ono yotsalira imapezeka.
Kuthirira kumakhala kamodzi pamwezi popanda mvula mu groove, kukumba kuzungulira mzere wa korona.
Kwa zomera za zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu za moyo zidzakhala zokwanira 3-4 ndowa, ndi mitengo ya apulo akuluakulu omwe ali ndi makina oposa 3 mamita atatu, amapanga phokoso pamphepete mwakunja. kutsanulira ndowa 40 za madzi. Izi ndi zokwanira kuti zithetse nthaka 40-50 cm
Mulching - kuvomerezedwa kovomerezeka kwa agronomic, makamaka kwa zomera zazing'ono. M'tsogolomu, mukhoza kufesa sideratami kapena kusunga nthaka mu bwalo pansi pa nthunzi yakuda.
Udzu wobiriwira kapena udzu wa udzu umalepheretsa kutuluka mwamsanga kwa chinyezi ndipo kumapangitsa malo okongola kuti ntchito za mphutsi zapansi zimasula nthaka.
Penyani kanemayo momwe mungakonzekerere mtengo wa apulo ndi kupanga korona.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mtengo wawung'ono ukhoza kuwononga kwambiri. mbozi ndi zinyamakudya masamba osakhwima. Ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa pamodzi ndi kuwonongedwa opanda chifundo.
Ngati kukwera pakati pa mizera ambula zikhalidweMwachitsanzo, katsabola, kadzawonekera otsuka okwerakuwononga ambiri akuyamwitsa ndi kutaya tizilombo.
Pamene akuwonekera nsabwe za m'masamba (masamba a nsonga zapiringa) amawombera kumizidwa madzi ndi sopo (mu chidebe - 70 g).
Kuteteza motsutsana zipatso zipatso, moths, apulo moths, haws ndi silkworms sadzawonongeka kaya.
Zotsatira zabwino zimabweretsa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikukonzekera njira zowonongeka:
- Insegar - motsutsana ndi masamba a njere ndi njenjete;
- Zeon - oteteza njuchi;
- Aktarom - motsutsana mitundu yambiri ya tizirombo;
- Karbofos (ingagwiritsidwe ntchito musanayambe maluwa, mutatha maluwa, mwezi usanakolole);
- Trichlorolum - 5 kutsutsana ndi mitundu yambiri ya tizirombo;
- Benzophosphate (yoyenera kwa zoposa mwezi) ndi yotetezeka kwa njuchi.
Powdery mildew ziwalo zonse za zomera zimakhudzidwa. Poyamba amaoneka ngati imvi maluwa, kenako amawoneka bulauni ndi maonekedwe a madontho wakuda-spores.
Tsamba limasanduka chikasu, mtundu umauma, zipatso sizimangirika, kukula kwa mphukira kumasiya.
Kulimbana ndi izi matenda a fungal apulo amathiridwa pa tsamba laling'ono "Topaz" kapena "Posachedwa".
Pambuyo maluwa ndi kukolola, kukonzanso kumachitika. mkuwa oxychloride kapena bordeaux osakaniza. Masamba agwa atenthedwa.
Bakiteriya amatenthe kuwonetsedwa kumapeto kwa June-July. Kukula kwapachaka kumabwerera, masamba amasanduka wakuda.
Mtengo amamwalira zaka ziwiri. Izi kachilombo koopsa kwambiri yopatsirana ndi oyandikana cuttings ndi mbande, zonyansa.
Mwa njira zothandizira zowononga kokha zimadziwika:
- Kutaya makina a zipangizo zamaluwa,
- Mkuwa wa sulfate wozungulira
- Kutentha kunakhudza mitengo
- Kudula tizilombo,
- Zosamalidwa bwino.
Cytosporosis imakhudza makungwa a mtengo wa apulo, kuwapangitsa kuti uume ndi kufa.
Polimbana nalo, gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mbewu katatu. "Kunyumba" (kutupa kwa masamba, maluwa asanayambe maluwa).
Mu August, idyani chakudya phosphorus ndi potaziyamu kuti akhale bwino msinkhu wokalamba. Nthambi za shtamb ndi zigoba zimakhala zoyera mu autumn ndi masika.
Mtengo ndi khalidwe la chipatso zimadalira chisamaliro choyenera. Kukula mtengo wa apulo ndi kupeza mphamvu ngakhale oyambirira wamaluwa. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kumupatsa mokwanira nthawi ndi chikondi.
